Many of you have probably seen the command that allows you to write on a file that needs root permission, even when you forgot to open vim with sudo:

    :w !sudo tee %

The thing is that I don&#39;t get what is exactly happening here.

I have already figured this:
`w` is for this

                                                            *:w_c* *:write_c*
    :[range]w[rite] [++opt] !{cmd}
                            Execute {cmd} with [range] lines as standard input
                            (note the space in front of the &#39;!&#39;).  {cmd} is
                            executed like with &quot;:!{cmd}&quot;, any &#39;!&#39; is replaced with
                            the previous command |:!|.

so it passes all the lines as standard input.

The `!sudo tee` part calls `tee` with administrator privileges.

For all to make sense, the `%` should output the filename (as a parameter for `tee`), but I can&#39;t find references on the help for this behavior.

**tl;dr** Could someone help me dissect this command?

How does the vim &quot;write with sudo&quot; trick work?

I just installed node and npm through the package on nodejs.org, and whenever I try to search or install something with npm, it throws the following error unless I sudo the command.  I have a feeling this is a permissions issue?  I am already the admin.

    npm ERR! Error: EACCES, open &#39;/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json&#39;
    npm ERR!  { [Error: EACCES, open &#39;/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json&#39;]
    npm ERR!   errno: 3,
    npm ERR!   code: &#39;EACCES&#39;,
    npm ERR!   path: &#39;/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json&#39; }
    npm ERR! 
    npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.
    
    npm ERR! System Darwin 12.2.0
    npm ERR! command &quot;node&quot; &quot;/usr/local/bin/npm&quot; &quot;search&quot; &quot;bower&quot;
    npm ERR! cwd /Users/chietala
    npm ERR! node -v v0.10.4
    npm ERR! npm -v 1.2.18
    npm ERR! path /Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json
    npm ERR! code EACCES
    npm ERR! errno 3
    npm ERR! stack Error: EACCES, open &#39;/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json&#39;
    npm ERR! 
    npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in:
    npm ERR!     /Users/chietala/npm-debug.log
    npm ERR! not ok code 0

How to fix npm throwing error without sudo

I&#39;ve been given sudo access on one of our development RedHat linux boxes, and I seem to find myself quite often needing to redirect output to a location I don&#39;t normally have write access to.

The trouble is, this contrived example doesn&#39;t work:

    sudo ls -hal /root/ &gt; /root/test.out

I just receive the response:

    -bash: /root/test.out: Permission denied

How can I get this to work?

How do I use sudo to redirect output to a location I don&#39;t have permission to write to?

This is a pretty simple question, at least it seems like it should be, about sudo permissions in Linux.

There are a lot of times when I just want to append something to `/etc/hosts` or a similar file but end up not being able to because both `&gt;` and `&gt;&gt;` are not allowed, even with root.


Is there someway to make this work without having to `su` or `sudo su` into root?

sudo echo &quot;something&quot; &gt;&gt; /etc/privilegedFile doesn&#39;t work

When I use any command with sudo the environment variables are not there. For example after setting HTTP_PROXY the command `wget` works fine without `sudo`. However if I type `sudo wget` it says it can&#39;t bypass the proxy setting.

How to keep environment variables when using sudo

I am trying to compile some sources using a makefile. In the makefile there is a bunch of commands that need to be ran as `sudo`. 

When I compile the sources from a terminal all goes fine and the make is paused the first time a `sudo` command is ran waiting for password. Once I type in the password, make resumes and completes.

But I would like to be able to compile the sources in NetBeans. So, I started a project and showed netbeans where to find the sources, but when I compile the project it gives the error:

    sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified

The first time it hits a `sudo` command.

I have looked up the issue on the internet and all the solutions I found point to one thing: disabling the password for this user. Since the user in question here is root. I do not want to do that.

Is there any other solution?

How to fix &#39;sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified&#39; error?

Normally, docker containers are run using the user **root**. I&#39;d like to use a different user, which is no problem using docker&#39;s USER directive. But this user should be able to use **sudo** inside the container. This command is missing.

Here&#39;s a simple Dockerfile for this purpose:

    FROM ubuntu:12.04
    
    RUN useradd docker &amp;&amp; echo &quot;docker:docker&quot; | chpasswd
    RUN mkdir -p /home/docker &amp;&amp; chown -R docker:docker /home/docker
       
    USER docker
    CMD /bin/bash

Running this container, I get logged in with user &#39;docker&#39;. When I try to use sudo, the command isn&#39;t found. So I tried to install the *sudo* package inside my Dockerfile using 

    RUN apt-get install sudo

This results in *Unable to locate package sudo*


How to use sudo inside a docker container?

This is the `PATH` variable without sudo:

    $ echo &#39;echo $PATH&#39; | sh 
    /opt/local/ruby/bin:/usr/bin:/bin

This is the `PATH` variable with sudo:

    $ echo &#39;echo $PATH&#39; | sudo sh
    /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin

As far as I can tell, `sudo` is supposed to leave `PATH` untouched. What&#39;s going on? How do I change this? (This is on Ubuntu 8.04).

UPDATE: as far as I can see, none of the scripts started as root change `PATH` in any way.

From `man sudo`: 

&gt; To prevent command spoofing, sudo
&gt; checks \``.&#39;&#39; and ``&#39;&#39; (both denoting
&gt; current directory) last when searching
&gt; for a command in the user&#39;s PATH (if
&gt; one or both are in the PATH). **Note,
&gt; however, that the actual PATH
&gt; environment variable is not modified
&gt; and is passed unchanged to the program
&gt; that sudo executes.**

Why does sudo change the PATH?

I have a script called `foo.sh` in my home folder. 

When I navigate to this folder, and enter `./foo.sh`, I get 

`-bash: ./foo.sh: Permission denied`. 

When I use `sudo ./foo.sh`, I get 

`sudo: foo.sh: command not found`.

Why does this happen and how I can fix it? 


Command not found when using sudo

I have a script which runs another script via SSH on a remote server using sudo.  However, when I type the password, it shows up on the terminal. (Otherwise it works fine)

    ssh user@server &quot;sudo script&quot;

What&#39;s the proper way to do this so I can type the password for sudo over SSH without the password appearing as I type?

proper way to sudo over ssh

Suppose I want to open a file in an existing Emacs session using `su` or `sudo`, without dropping down to a shell and doing `sudoedit` or `sudo emacs`. One way to do this is

    C-x C-f /sudo::/path/to/file

but this requires an expensive [round-trip through SSH][1]. Is there a more direct way?

[EDIT] @JBB is right. I want to be able to invoke `su`/`sudo` to save as well as open. It would be OK (but not ideal) to re-authorize when saving. What I&#39;m looking for is variations of `find-file` and `save-buffer` that can be &quot;piped&quot; through `su`/`sudo`.

  [1]: http://www.gnu.org/software/tramp/

Open a file with su/sudo inside Emacs

I&#39;m trying to run a bash script in Cygwin.  

I get &lt;code&gt;Must run as root, i.e. sudo ./scriptname&lt;/code&gt; errors.  

&lt;code&gt;chmod 777 scriptname&lt;/code&gt; does nothing to help.  

I&#39;ve looked for ways to imitate sudo on Cygwin, to add a root user, since calling &quot;su&quot; renders the error &lt;code&gt;su: user root does not exist&lt;/code&gt;, anything useful, and have found nothing.  

Anyone have any suggestions?

Root user/sudo equivalent in Cygwin?

I am trying to globally install an npm module I just published. Every time I try to install, either from npm or the folder, I get this error.

    npm ERR! Error: ENOENT, chmod &#39;/usr/local/lib/node_modules/takeapeek/lib/cmd.js&#39;
    npm ERR! If you need help, you may report this log at:
    npm ERR!     &lt;http://github.com/isaacs/npm/issues&gt;
    npm ERR! or email it to:
    npm ERR!     &lt;npm-@googlegroups.com&gt;
    
    npm ERR! System Linux 3.8.0-19-generic
    npm ERR! command &quot;node&quot; &quot;/usr/local/bin/npm&quot; &quot;install&quot; &quot;-g&quot; &quot;takeapeek&quot;
    npm ERR! cwd /home/giodamlio
    npm ERR! node -v v0.10.6
    npm ERR! npm -v 1.3.6
    npm ERR! path /usr/local/lib/node_modules/takeapeek/lib/cmd.js
    npm ERR! code ENOENT
    npm ERR! errno 34
    npm ERR! 
    npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in:
    npm ERR!     /home/giodamlio/npm-debug.log
    npm ERR! not ok code 0

I am using sudo and I have triple checked everything in the package everything should work. I did some searching around, and saw a couple of similer cases none of which have been resolved. Here is what I tried.

 - Upgrade npm (`sudo npm install -g npm`)
 - Clear the global npm cache (`sudo npm cache clear`)
 - Clear the user npm cache (`npm cache clear`)

I noticed that the error had to do with the file I am linking to the path, specifically when npm tried to do a chmod. That shouldn&#39;t be a problem, my `lib/cli.js` has normal permissions, and npm has superuser permissions during this install.

After digging through the npm docs I found an option that would stop npm from making the bin links(`--no-bin-links`), when I tried the install with it, it worked fine.

So what&#39;s the deal? Is this some [weird fringe case bug][1] that has no solution yet?

**Edit: For reference, [here][2] is the module I uploaded**


  [1]: https://github.com/isaacs/npm/issues/3311#issuecomment-16011860
  [2]: https://github.com/giodamelio/takeapeek

npm install errors with Error: ENOENT, chmod

Is there any way how I can run two [Db2][1] commands from a command line? They will be called from a PHP `exec` command.

 1. `db2 connect to ttt` (note that we need to have the connection live for the second command
 2. `db2 UPDATE CONTACT SET EMAIL_ADDRESS = &#39;mytestaccount@gmail.com&#39;`

I tried this:

    sudo -su db2inst1 db2 connect to ttt; db2 UPDATE CONTACT SET EMAIL_ADDRESS = &#39;mytestaccount@gmail.com&#39;

The first command finishes correctly, but the second one fails with the following error message:
&gt; `SQL1024N  A database connection does not exist.  SQLSTATE=08003`

Note that I need to run this as `php` user. The command `sudo -u db2inst1 id` as **php** user gives me correct output.


  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Db2

How to run two commands with sudo?

I&#39;ve written a script that takes, as an argument, a string that is a concatenation of a username and a project. The script is supposed to switch (su) to the username, cd to a specific directory based upon the project string.

I basically want to do:

    su $USERNAME;  
    cd /home/$USERNAME/$PROJECT;  
    svn update;  

The problem is that once I do an su... it just waits there. Which makes sense since the flow of execution has passed to switching to the user. Once I exit, then the rest of the things execute but it doesn&#39;t work as desired.

I prepended su to the svn command but the command failed (i.e. it didn&#39;t update svn in the directory desired).

How do I write a script that allows the user to switch user and invoke svn (among other things)?



How do I use su to execute the rest of the bash script as that user?

While installing pip and python I have ran into a that says:

&gt;The directory &#39;/Users/Parthenon/Library/Logs/pi&#39; or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the debug log has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want the -H flag.

because I now have to install using `sudo`.

I had python and a handful of libraries already installed on my Mac, I&#39;m running Yosemite. I recently had to do a clean wipe and then reinstall of the OS. Now I&#39;m getting this prompt and I&#39;m having trouble figuring out how to change it

Before my command line was `Parthenon$` now it&#39;s `Philips-MBP:~ Parthenon$`

I am the sole owner of this computer and this is the only account on it. This seems to be a problem when upgrading to python 3.4, nothing seems to be in the right place, virtualenv isn&#39;t going where I expect it to, etc.  

pip install: Please check the permissions and owner of that directory

I&#39;m writing a C Shell program that will be doing `su` or `sudo` or `ssh`. They all want their passwords in console input (the TTY) rather than stdin or the command line.

Does anybody know a solution?

Setting up password-less `sudo` is not an option.

[tag:expect] could be an option, but it&#39;s not present on my stripped-down system.

How to pass the password to su/sudo/ssh without overriding the TTY?

I have script.sh that must be run as user2.  However, this script can only be run under user1 in my application.

I would like the following command to run:

    su user2 -C script.sh

but be able to run without password.

I also want this to be very restrictive, as in user1 can only run script.sh under user2 and nothing else.

I&#39;ve tried doing this with sudoers file and just got endlessly confused after hours of trying.

If somebody can provide an explicit example of how this can be accomplished (instead of something generic like use sudoers), it would be greatly appreciated.


How to run script as another user without password?

Attempting something devious on my machine leads to

    ryan@debian:~$ sudo EAT_ALL_THE_COOKIES_BEFORE_DINNER
    [sudo] password for ryan: 
    ryan is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.

Where is this incident reported, and how do I get the log of all the nasty attempted commands?

Where are sudo incidents reported?

I need to edit `/etc/sudoers` from a script to add/remove stuff from white lists.

Assuming I have a command that would work on a normal file, how could I apply it to `/etc/sudoers`?

Can I copy and modify it, then have `visudo` replace the original with the modified copy? By providing my own script in `$EDITOR`?

Or can I just use the same locks and `cp`?

The question is more about potential issues than about just finding something that works.


How do I edit /etc/sudoers from a script?

I have just installed nodejs on a new EC2 micro instance.

I installed it normally, ./configure -&gt; make -&gt; sudo make install.

**Problem:** When I run &quot;node&quot; under ec2-user, it runs perfectly. When I run &quot;sudo node&quot;, it fails.

I found out that node is in:

    [ec2-user@XXXX ~]$ whereis node
    node: /usr/local/bin/node /usr/local/lib/node

and the current path is

    [ec2-user@XXXX ~]$ echo $PATH
    /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/aws/bin:/home/ec2-user/bin

but, the sudo path is

    [root@ip-10-112-222-32 ~]# echo $PATH
    /usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/aws/bin:/root/bin

then I tried to edit the root PATH to include the paths to node, so &quot;node&quot; runs when I&#39;m logged in as root - but it still won&#39;t work when I log in as ec2-user and run &quot;sudo node&quot;.

I need this to install npm properfly. Any idea on how to include the node path while running &quot;sudo node&quot;?

On EC2: sudo node command not found, but node without sudo is ok

I&#39;ve started to use my Mac to install Python packages in the same way I do with my Windows PC at work; however on my Mac I&#39;ve come across frequent *permission denied* errors while writing to log files or site-packages.

Therefore I thought about running `pip install &lt;package&gt;` under `sudo` but is that a safe/acceptable use of sudo considering I&#39;m just wanting this to be installed under my current user account?

Example traceback from a logfile I/O error:

    Command /usr/bin/python -c &quot;import setuptools;__file__=&#39;/Users/markwalker/build/pycrypto/setup.py&#39;;exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace(&#39;\r\n&#39;, &#39;\n&#39;), __file__, &#39;exec&#39;))&quot; install --single-version-externally-managed --record /var/folders/tq/hy1fz_4j27v6rstzzw4vymnr0000gp/T/pip-k6f2FU-record/install-record.txt failed with error code 1 in /Users/markwalker/build/pycrypto
    Storing complete log in /Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;/usr/local/bin/pip&quot;, line 8, in &lt;module&gt;
        load_entry_point(&#39;pip==1.1&#39;, &#39;console_scripts&#39;, &#39;pip&#39;)()
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/__init__.py&quot;, line 116, in main
        return command.main(args[1:], options)
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py&quot;, line 141, in main
        log_fp = open_logfile(log_fn, &#39;w&#39;)
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py&quot;, line 168, in open_logfile
        log_fp = open(filename, mode)
    IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: &#39;/Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log&#39;

**Update**
This was likely down to permissions, however the best approach is to use virtual environments for your python projects. Running `sudo pip` should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.

Getting &quot;Permission Denied&quot; when running pip as root on my Mac

If I create the script `/root/bin/whoami.sh` containing:

    #!/bin/bash
    whoami

and this script is called by a user with a properly configured sudo, it will indicate

    root

Is there a fast way to obtain the actual user in a script, or will I have to resort to parameters passing along this username?

Identify user in a Bash script called by sudo

The command: 

    mysql -u root -p

gives the error:

    ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39;

But running sudo privileges, works:

    sudo mysql -u root -p

**Is it possible to get rid of the sudo requirement** because it prevents me from opening the database in intellij? I tried the following as in the answer to this question [Connect to local MySQL server without sudo][1]:

    sudo chmod -R 755 /var/lib/mysql/

which did not help. The above question has a different error thrown


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/q/24479868/3599535

Connect to mysql server without sudo

I want to open a file inside Emacs which is located on a remote server, with sudo powers on the server. I can open local files with sudo via Tramp like this:

    C-x C-f /sudo::/home/user/file

But I want to use sudo on the server:

    C-x C-f /sudo::user@server/home/user/file

But this gives me sudo powers on my local machine, it asks for my sudo password on the local machine. Is there a way to use sudo on the server?

BTW: Emacs is not installed on the server

Open file via SSH and Sudo with Emacs

So I have a directory in /var/www (called cake) and I need to allow www-data to write to it, but I also want to write to it (without having to use sudo). I&#39;m afraid to change the permissions to 777 in case some other user on my machine (or a hacker) attempts to modify files in that directory. How do I only allow access for myself and Apache&#39;s www-data?

www-data permissions?

I&#39;m trying to install [Prestissimo][1] to an Ubuntu 16.04 server, but that leads to an error:

    $ composer global require &quot;hirak/prestissimo:^0.3&quot;
    Changed current directory to /home/kramer65/.composer
    
    
      [ErrorException]
      file_put_contents(./composer.json): failed to open stream: Permission denied
    
    
    require [--dev] [--prefer-source] [--prefer-dist] [--no-progress] [--no-update] [--no-scripts] [--update-no-dev] [--update-with-dependencies] [--ignore-platform-reqs] [--prefer-stable] [--prefer-lowest] [--sort-packages] [-o|--optimize-autoloader] [-a|--classmap-authoritative] [--] [&lt;packages&gt;]...

I&#39;m logged in as user `kramer65`, so I wouldn&#39;t know why it can&#39;t write to my home folder. My normal reaction to a `permission denied` is to use `sudo`, but composer then always says:

&gt; Do not run Composer as root/super user! See https://getcomposer.org/root for details

Any idea how I can solve this?

  [1]: https://github.com/hirak/prestissimo

Composer: file_put_contents(./composer.json): failed to open stream: Permission denied

Occasionally I run into [comments or responses][1] that state emphatically that running `pip` under `sudo` is &quot;wrong&quot; or &quot;bad&quot;, but there are cases (including the way I have a bunch of tools set up) where it is either much simpler, or even necessary to run it that way.

What are the risks associated with running `pip` under `sudo`?

---

Note that this is not the same question as [this one][2], which, despite the title, provides no information about risks. This also isn&#39;t a question about how to avoid using `sudo`, but about specifically why one would want to.


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/21047830/656912
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/q/15028648/656912

What are the risks of running &#39;sudo pip&#39;?

When running a script via sudo or su I want to get the original user.  This should happen regardless of multiple `sudo` or `su` runs inside of each other and specifically `sudo su -`.

How do you find the original user through multiple sudo and su commands?

I would like to run sudo with my password as parameter so that I can use it for a script. I tried

    sudo -S mypassword execute_command
but without any success. Any suggestions?

Use sudo with password as parameter

So, I&#39;m attempting to simply transfer folder of files from my local computer to a server via ssh and scp.  After sudoing I&#39;m using the command as follows:

    scp -r C:/desktop/myfolder/deployments/ user@host:/path/to/whereyouwant/thefile

I get the error:

&gt; ssh: C: Name or service not known

I&#39;m guessing its my syntax for `c:/desktop` etc.  Any ideas?  

BTW I&#39;m using putty + Windows 7.



  

Copying a local file from Windows to a remote server using scp

For executing a shell script in current shell, we need to use a period `.` or a `source` command. But why does it not work with a `sudo` permission?

I have a script with execute permission called ``setup.sh``. When I use a period, I get this:

    $ sudo . ./setup.sh 
    sudo: .: command not found

The `source` command also produces a similar error. Am I missing out something? What should I do to run the script with `sudo` permission in the **same/current** shell?

Thanks in advance..


Execute a shell script in current shell with sudo permission

I tried the following on the command prompt in bash:

    sudo cat &lt;&lt; EOF &gt; /etc/yum.repos.d/some-name.repo
    #Content
    #....
    #...
    EOF

It complained :

    -bash: /etc/yum.repos.d/some-name.repo: Permission denied

Then I did `sudo su` and tried the exact same thing except the `sudo` before `cat`, and it worked without any problem. What am I missing in the above ?

sudo cat &lt;&lt; EOF &gt; File doesn&#39;t work, sudo su does

I&#39;m new to Ubuntu and Linux in general. I want to code in Java on my computer, but I&#39;m having problems installing [IntelliJ IDEA][1] on Ubuntu. I have downloaded and extracted the file and for some reason renamed the folder to idea. I tried moving the folder to `/usr/share/applications` or something but I didn&#39;t have permission. I used `sudo -i` in terminal to gain permission but didn&#39;t manage to get out of root folder. Can anyone help me with a step by step way to move the folder, create a shortcut in the search bar or whatever it&#39;s called and install it properly?

  [1]: https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/download/#section=windows

How to install Intellij IDEA on Ubuntu?

On my Debian server I have a user called &quot;deployer&quot; that does not have `sudo` access, and has RVM installed.

When installing Ruby using &quot;deployer&quot;, like 1.9.3, it triggers a task to install dependencies

    &quot;Installing requirements for debian, might require sudo password.&quot;

which fails and stops installation because &quot;deployer&quot; can not sudo.

I don&#39;t want to add &quot;deployer&quot; into the sudoers list, and don&#39;t want to install RVM for some other user just for a one-time use for installing dependencies.

What is the correct way to install that dependencies? Or how do I list them to install manually?


How to install RVM system requirements without giving sudo access for RVM user

I launched a new `aws` instance. My private ip is `ip-10-0-xx-xx` as per amazon console. Everytime when I do a sudo command, I get the following error 

    sudo: unable to resolve host ip-10-0-xx-xx

How can I rectify this error? 

AWS error - sudo: unable to resolve host ip-10-0-xx-xx

I tried to install generator-angularjs using Yo ([Yoeman][1]) **without sudo**:

    npm install -g generator-angular

I get:

    Error: EACCES, mkdir &#39;/usr/lib/node_modules/generator-angular&#39;

When I type in `sudo yo`, yo tells me that I should not use sudo (which is perfectly understandable). 

I have a `~/node_modules` directory - why doesn&#39;t yo install its packages there?


  [1]: http://yeoman.io

npm / yeoman install generator-angular without sudo

I am trying to use WinSCP to transfer files over to a Linux Instance from Windows. 

I&#39;m using private key for my instance to login to Amazon instance using ec2-user. However ec2-user does not have access to write to the Linux instance 

How do I `sudo su` - to access the root directory and write to the linux box, using WinSCP or any other file transfer method? 

Thanks

How to run SUDO command in WinSCP to transfer files from Windows to linux

I have checked all the other similar answers and none was exactly like mine, neither did any of those solutions work for me.

`gem environment` and `sudo gem environment` give the same result:

    RubyGems Environment:
      - RUBYGEMS VERSION: 1.5.3
      - RUBY VERSION: 1.8.7 (2011-12-28 patchlevel 357) [x86_64-linux]
      - INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8
      - RUBY EXECUTABLE: /usr/local/bin/ruby
      - EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /usr/local/bin
      - RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
        - ruby
        - x86_64-linux
      - GEM PATHS:
         - /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8
         - /home/ava/.gem/ruby/1.8
      - GEM CONFIGURATION:
         - :update_sources =&gt; true
         - :verbose =&gt; true
         - :benchmark =&gt; false
         - :backtrace =&gt; false
         - :bulk_threshold =&gt; 1000
      - REMOTE SOURCES:
         - http://rubygems.org/

`rvm -v` : `rvm 1.22.3`

`ruby -v` : `ruby 1.8.7`

`OSX 10.8.4`

`echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/home/ava/.rvm/bin:/home/ava/bin`

`gem install &lt;gem-name&gt;` gives 

    ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
        You don&#39;t have write permissions into the /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8 directory.

whereas I am able to install the same via sudo. What am I doing wrong?

UPDATE:

As per comments and this [post][1], I ran following:

`rvm implode` and then re installed the stable version.
`rvm install 1.9.3` or any other ruby installation fails with

    Error running &#39;__rvm_make -j24&#39;,
    please read /home/ava/.rvm/log/log/1378418790_ruby-1.9.3-p194/make.log
    There has been an error while running make. Halting the installation.


`make.log`

        [2013-09-05 22:06:48] make
    current path: /home/ava/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p194
    command(2): make -j24
            CC = gcc
            LD = ld
            LDSHARED = gcc -shared
            CFLAGS = -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror-implicit-function-declaration  -fPIC
            XCFLAGS = -include ruby/config.h -include ruby/missing.h -fvisibility=hidden -DRUBY_EXPORT
            CPPFLAGS =   -I. -I.ext/include/x86_64-linux -I./include -I.
            DLDFLAGS = -Wl,-soname,libruby.so.1.9
            SOLIBS = -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm
    compiling main.c
    compiling dmydln.c
    compiling dmyencoding.c
    compiling version.c
    compiling miniprelude.c
    compiling array.c
    compiling bignum.c
    compiling class.c
    compiling compar.c
    compiling complex.c
    compiling dir.c
    compiling dln_find.c
    compiling enum.c
    compiling enumerator.c
    compiling error.c
    compiling eval.c
    compiling load.c
    compiling proc.c
    compiling file.c
    :
    :
    :
    In file included from ossl.h:213,
                     from ossl_pkcs5.c:5:
    openssl_missing.h:71: error: conflicting types for ‘HMAC_CTX_copy’
    /usr/local/include/openssl/hmac.h:102: error: previous declaration of ‘HMAC_CTX_copy’ was here
    openssl_missing.h:95: error: conflicting types for ‘EVP_CIPHER_CTX_copy’
    /usr/local/include/openssl/evp.h:459: error: previous declaration of ‘EVP_CIPHER_CTX_copy’ was here
    make[2]: *** [ossl_pkcs5.o] Error 1
    In file included from ossl.h:213,
                     from ossl_x509req.c:11:
    :
    :
    :


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12469530/getting-ruby-1-8-7-installed-on-mountain-lion-10-8

ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)

How to install a package in the standard python environment *i.e.* `/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages` using `pip` and make this new package available for all the users without using `virtualenv`? 

By using the following, the package is installed with root permissions only:

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    $ sudo pip install loremipsum
    Downloading/unpacking loremipsum
      Downloading loremipsum-1.0.5.tar.gz
      Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/loremipsum/setup.py) 
      egg_info for package loremipsum
        
    Installing collected packages: loremipsum
      Running setup.py install for loremipsum
        
    Successfully installed loremipsum
    Cleaning up...
    
Proof:

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    $ python -c &#39;import loremipsum&#39;
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;&lt;string&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
    ImportError: No module named loremipsum
    
    $ sudo python -c &#39;import loremipsum&#39;

    $ pip install loremipsum
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): loremipsum in 
    /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
    Cleaning up...

    $ cowsay sad
     _____
    &lt; sad &gt;
     -----
            \   ^__^
             \  (oo)\_______
                (__)\       )\/\
                    ||----w |
                    ||     ||

Please do not advise me to use `apt-get install python-...` instead. I would like to know what is my mistake and how to use pip correctly.

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    $ python --version
    Python 2.7.6
    $ pip --version
    pip 1.5.4 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)
    $ uname -a
    Linux _ 3.19.0-32-generic #37~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP _ x86_64 GNU/Linux


**EDIT**

I guess the problem is because `pip` does not allow the group and everyone to read the installed stuff: 

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    $ sudo pip uninstall loremipsum
    Uninstalling loremipsum:
      /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/loremipsum-1.0.5.egg-info
      /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/loremipsum/__init__.py
      /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/loremipsum/__init__.pyc
      /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/loremipsum/default/dictionary.txt
      /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/loremipsum/default/sample.txt
      /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/loremipsum/generator.py
      /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/loremipsum/generator.pyc
    Proceed (y/n)? y
      Successfully uninstalled loremipsum
    
    $ sudo pip install loremipsum
    Downloading/unpacking loremipsum
      Downloading loremipsum-1.0.5.tar.gz
      Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/loremipsum/setup.py) 
      egg_info for package loremipsum
        
    Installing collected packages: loremipsum
      Running setup.py install for loremipsum
        
    Successfully installed loremipsum
    Cleaning up...
    $ sudo ls -al /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/loremipsum
    total 60
    drwxr-s---  3 root staff  4096 Apr 27 22:06 .
    drwxrwsr-x 18 root staff  4096 Apr 27 22:06 ..
    drwxr-s---  2 root staff  4096 Apr 27 22:06 default
    -rw-r-----  1 root staff 16182 Apr 27 22:06 generator.py
    -rw-r-----  1 root staff 16323 Apr 27 22:06 generator.pyc
    -rw-r-----  1 root staff  6130 Apr 27 22:06 __init__.py
    -rw-r-----  1 root staff  6869 Apr 27 22:06 __init__.pyc


How to install a module for all users with pip on linux?

After trying to install virtualenv with pip

    $ pip install virtualenv

I got a permission denied error

    IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: &#39;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py&#39;

So I used sudo to install virtualenv

    $ sudo pip install virtualenv

But then a warning showed up:

&gt; The directory &#39;/Users/petertao/Library/Caches/pip/http&#39; or its parent
&gt; directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been
&gt; disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If
&gt; executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo&#39;s -H flag.
&gt; 
&gt; The directory &#39;/Users/petertao/Library/Caches/pip&#39; or its parent
&gt; directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been
&gt; disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If
&gt; executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo&#39;s -H flag.

**What does sudo&#39;s -H flag do?**


What does sudo -H do?

I have read the Ansible documentation but I am still a bit confused about the three following parameters in ansible playbooks: user, sudo, sudo_user. 

I have tried the following playbooks with different combination of the parameters:

1. user:deploy =&gt; Works

2. user:deploy and sudo: True =&gt; **Hangs on the git task**

3. user:deploy, sudo: True and sudo_user: deploy =&gt; Works

What does sudo_user actually do?
When and why should I use each of these combinations?

    - hosts: all
      user: deploy
      sudo: True
      sudo_user: deploy
     
      tasks:
          - name: Ensure code directory
            file: dest=/home/deploy/code state=directory
      
          - name: Deploy app
            git: repo=git@bitbucket.org:YAmikep/djangotutorial.git dest=/home/deploy/code


Thanks

user vs sudo vs sudo_user in ansible playbooks

I want to write a shell script to automate a series of commands. The problem is some commands MUST be run as superuser and some commands MUST NOT be run as superuser. What I have done so far is something like this:

    #!/bin/bash
    
    command1
    sudo command2
    command3
    sudo command4

The problem is, this means somebody has to wait until command1 finishes before they are prompted for a password, then, if command3 takes long enough, they will then have to wait for command3 to finish. It would be nice if the person could get up and walk away, then come back an hour later and be done. For example, the following script has this problem:

    #!/bin/bash
    
    sleep 310
    sudo echo &quot;Hi, I&#39;m root&quot;
    sleep 310
    sudo echo &quot;I&#39;m still root?&quot;

How can I make it so that the user can just enter their password once, at the very start, and then walk away?

*Update:*

Thanks for the responses. I&#39;m running on Mac OS X Lion and ran Stephen P&#39;s script and got different results: (I also added $HOME)

    pair@abbey scratch$ ./test2.sh
    uid is 501
    user is pair
    username is 
    home directory is /Users/pair
    pair@abbey scratch$ sudo ./test2.sh 
    Password:
    uid is 0
    user is root
    username is root
    home directory is /Users/pair


How to write a shell script that runs some commands as superuser and some commands not as superuser, without having to babysit it?

I am trying to give sudo access to one of my users. What should I type in my terminal?

How to give a Linux user sudo access?

I have installed TensorFlow using the following command 

    docker run -it b.gcr.io/tensorflow/tensorflow:latest-devel

and I need to set up TensorFlow Serving on a windows machine. I followed [the instructions](https://github.com/tensorflow/serving/blob/master/tensorflow_serving/g3doc/setup.md) and while running the below-mentioned `sudo` command while installing TensorFlow Serving dependencies:

    sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get install -y \
         build-essential \
         curl \
         git \
         libfreetype6-dev \
         libpng12-dev \
         libzmq3-dev \
         pkg-config \
         python-dev \
         python-numpy \
         python-pip \
         software-properties-common \
         swig \
         zip \
         zlib1g-dev

The following error is displayed:

    bash: sudo: command not found

Unable to use sudo commands within Docker, &quot;bash: sudo: command not found&quot; is displayed

So I&#39;m trying to get a process to be run as a super user from within a python script using subprocess.  In the ipython shell something like

    proc = subprocess.Popen(&#39;sudo apach2ctl restart&#39;,
                            shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                            stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

works fine, but as soon as I stick it into a script I start getting: `sudo: apach2ctl: command not found`.

I would guess this is due to the way sudo handles environments on ubuntu. (I&#39;ve also tried `sudo -E apche2ctl restart` and `sudo env path=$PATH apache2ctl restart` with no avail)

So my question is basically, if I want to run `apache2ctl restart` as super user that prompts the user for the super user password when required, how should I go about doing this?  I have no intention of storing passwords in the script.

Edit:

I&#39;ve tried passing in the commands as both a string and tokenized into a list.  In the python interpreter, with a string I&#39;ll get the password prompt properly (still doesnt work in a python script as in my original problem), a list just gives the help screen for sudo.


Edit 2:

So what I gather is that while Popen will work with some commands just as strings when shell=True, it takes 

    proc = subprocess.Popen([&#39;sudo&#39;,&#39;/usr/sbin/apache2ctl&#39;,&#39;restart&#39;])

without &#39;shell=True&#39; to get sudo to work.

Thanks!

running a command as a super user from a python script

I have succefully configured RVM to use Ruby 1.9.2 and everything is fine. However when I&#39;m trying to run Ruby using `sudo` it says it cannot find RVM or Ruby:

    $ ruby -v
    ruby 1.9.2p0 (2010-08-18 revision 29036) [x86_64-linux]

    $ sudo ruby -v
    [sudo] password for administrator:
    sudo: ruby: command not found

Is that correct behavior or is my RVM misconfigured? Perhaps I should be using the [system wide install][1]?


  [1]: http://rvm.beginrescueend.com/deployment/system-wide/

Cannot use RVM-installed Ruby with sudo

I am unable to run any yum commands inside my Docker container without getting the following error:

    ovl: Error while doing RPMdb copy-up:
    [Errno 13] Permission denied: &#39;/var/lib/rpm/Group&#39;
    You need to be root to perform this command.

I&#39;m confused because I&#39;m pretty sure docker containers are run with the default user root.  Still, if I try putting sudo in front of a `yum install -y &lt;package&gt;` or `yum update -y` command I get:

    /bin/sh: sudo: command not found

I&#39;m using the following base image so I can easily run a Java Wildfly application inside Docker: https://hub.docker.com/r/jboss/wildfly/

The underlying distro is `CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)`


Can&#39;t use yum inside Docker container running on CentOS

I am using [Fabric](http://docs.fabfile.org/0.9.2/) to run commands on a remote server. The user with which I connect on that server has some sudo privileges, and does not require a password to use these privileges. When SSH&#39;ing into the server, I can run `sudo blah` and the command executes without prompting for a password. When I try to run the same command via Fabric&#39;s `sudo` function, I get prompted for a password. This is because Fabric builds a command in the following manner when using `sudo`:

    sudo -S -p &lt;sudo_prompt&gt; /bin/bash -l -c &quot;&lt;command&gt;&quot;

Obviously, my user does not have permission to execute `/bin/bash` without a password.

I&#39;ve worked around the problem by using `run(&quot;sudo blah&quot;)` instead of `sudo(&quot;blah&quot;)`, but I wondered if there is a better solution. Is there a workaround for this issue?

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