How to fix npm throwing error without sudo
node.jsUnixPermissionsNpmSudonode.js Problem Overview
I just installed node and npm through the package on nodejs.org, and whenever I try to search or install something with npm, it throws the following error unless I sudo the command. I have a feeling this is a permissions issue? I am already the admin.
npm ERR! Error: EACCES, open '/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json'
npm ERR! { [Error: EACCES, open '/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json']
npm ERR! errno: 3,
npm ERR! code: 'EACCES',
npm ERR! path: '/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json' }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.
npm ERR! System Darwin 12.2.0
npm ERR! command "node" "/usr/local/bin/npm" "search" "bower"
npm ERR! cwd /Users/chietala
npm ERR! node -v v0.10.4
npm ERR! npm -v 1.2.18
npm ERR! path /Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json
npm ERR! code EACCES
npm ERR! errno 3
npm ERR! stack Error: EACCES, open '/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json'
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in:
npm ERR! /Users/chietala/npm-debug.log
npm ERR! not ok code 0
node.js Solutions
Solution 1 - node.js
This looks like a permissions issue in your home directory. To reclaim ownership of the .npm directory execute:
sudo chown -R $(whoami) ~/.npm
Solution 2 - node.js
Permissions you used when installing Node will be required when doing things like writing in your npm directory (npm link
, npm install -g
, etc.).
You probably ran Node.js installation with root permissions, that's why the global package installation is asking you to be root.
Solution 1: NVM
> Don't hack with permissions, install Node.js the right way.
On a development machine, you should not install and run Node.js with root permissions, otherwise things like npm link
, npm install -g
will need the same permissions.
NVM (Node Version Manager) allows you to install Node.js without root permissions and also allows you to install many versions of Node to play easily with them.. Perfect for development.
- Uninstall Node (root permission will probably be required). This might help you.
- Then install NVM following instructions on this page.
- Install Node via NVM:
nvm install node
Now npm link
, npm install -g
will no longer require you to be root.
Edit: See also https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/fixing-npm-permissions
Solution 2: Install packages globally for a given user
> Don't hack with permissions, install npm packages globally the right way.
If you are on OSX or Linux, you can create a user dedicated directory for your global package and setup npm
and node
to know how to find globally installed packages.
Check out this great article for step by step instructions on installing npm modules globally without sudo.
See also: npm's documentation on Fixing npm permissions.
Solution 3 - node.js
Also you will need the write permission in node_modules
directory:
sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/lib/node_modules
Solution 4 - node.js
Changing the owner on "system-global" folders is a hack. On a fresh install, I would configure NPM to use an already writable location for "user-global" programs:
npm config set prefix "${HOME}/npm"
Then make sure you add that folder to your path:
export PATH="${PATH}:${HOME}/npm/bin"
See @ErikAndreas' answer to NPM modules won't install globally without sudo
, and longer step-by-step guide by @sindresorhus with also sets $MANPATH
.
Solution 5 - node.js
Watch OUT!!! Watch OUT!!! Watch OUT!!!
chown or chmod is NOT the solution, because of security-risk.
Instead do this, do:
First check, where npm point to, if you call:
npm config get prefix
If /usr is returned, you can do the following:
mkdir ~/.npm-global
export NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX=~/.npm-global
export PATH=$PATH:~/.npm-global/bin
This create a npm-Directory in your Home-Directory and point npm
to it.
To got this changes permanent, you have to add the export-command to your .bashrc:
echo -e "export NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX=~/.npm-global\nexport PATH=\$PATH:~/.npm-global/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
Solution 6 - node.js
I encountered this when installing Recess (https://github.com/twitter/recess) to compile my CSS for Bootstrap 3.
When installing recess:
-npm install recess -g
-
You need to unlock permissions in your
home
directory, like Noah says:sudo chown -R `whoami` ~/.npm
-
You also need write permissions to the
node_modules
directory, like Xilo says, so if it still isn't working, try:sudo chown -R `whoami` /usr/local/lib/node_modules
-
If you are still seeing errors, you may also need to correct
/usr/local
permissions:sudo chown -R `whoami` /usr/local
Please note that as indicated in this post /usr/local/
isn't actually a system dir if you are on a Mac, so, this answer is actually perfectly "safe" for Mac users. However, if you are on Linux, see Christopher Will's answer below for a multi-user friendly, system dir safe (but more complex) solution.
Solution 7 - node.js
Other answers are suggesting to change ownerships or permissions of system directories to a specific user. I highly disadvise from doing so, this can become very awkward and might mess up the entire system!
Here is a more generic and safer approach that supports multi-user as well.
Create a new group for node-users and add the required users to this group. Then set the ownership of node-dependant files/directories to this group.
# Create new group
sudo groupadd nodegrp
# Add user to group (logname is a variable and gets replaced by the currently logged in user)
sudo usermod -a -G nodegrp `logname`
# Instant access to group without re-login
newgrp nodegrp
# Check group - nodegrp should be listed as well now
groups
# Change group of node_modules, node, npm to new group
sudo chgrp -R nodegrp /usr/lib/node_modules/
sudo chgrp nodegrp /usr/bin/node
sudo chgrp nodegrp /usr/bin/npm
# (You may want to change a couple of more files (like grunt etc) in your /usr/bin/ directory.)
Now you can easily install your modules as user
npm install -g generator-angular
Some modules (grunt, bower, yo etc.) will still need to be installed as root. This is because they create symlinks in /user/bin/.
Edit
3 years later I'd recommend to use Node Version Manager. It safes you a lot of time and trouble.
Solution 8 - node.js
The official documentation on how to fix npm install
permissions with an EACCES
error is located at https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/fixing-npm-permissions.
I encountered this problem after a fresh install of node using the .pkg
installer on OSX. There are some great answers here, but I didn't see a link to npmjs.com yet.
Option 1: Change the permission to npm's default directory
-
Find the path to npm's directory:
npm config get prefix
For many systems, this will be /usr/local.
WARNING: If the displayed path is just /usr, switch to Option 2.
-
Change the owner of npm's directories to the name of the current user (your username!):
sudo chown -R $(whoami) $(npm config get prefix)/{lib/node_modules,bin,share}
This changes the permissions of the sub-folders used by npm and some other tools (lib/node_modules, bin, and share).
Option 2: Change npm's default directory to another directory
There are times when you do not want to change ownership of the default directory that npm uses (i.e. /usr) as this could cause some problems, for example if you are sharing the system with other users.
Instead, you can configure npm to use a different directory altogether. In our case, this will be a hidden directory in our home folder.
-
Make a directory for global installations:
mkdir ~/.npm-global
-
Configure npm to use the new directory path:
npm config set prefix '~/.npm-global'
-
Open or create a ~/.profile file and add this line:
export PATH=~/.npm-global/bin:$PATH
-
Back on the command line, update your system variables:
source ~/.profile
Solution 9 - node.js
I ran into this issue, and while it's true that ~/.npm
should be owned by your user, npm
was not installing the modules there.
What actually solved my issue is these commands:
npm config set prefix ~/.npm
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.npm/bin"
It will make sure that all your global installation will go under this prefix. And it's important that your user owns this directory.
Solution 10 - node.js
As if we need more answers here, but anyway..
Sindre Sorus has a guide Install npm packages globally without sudo on OS X and Linux outlining how to cleanly install without messing with permissions:
> Here is a way to install packages globally for a given user.
> 1. Create a directory for your global packages
> mkdir "${HOME}/.npm-packages" > 2. Reference this directory for future usage in your .bashrc/.zshrc:
> NPM_PACKAGES="${HOME}/.npm-packages"
>3. Indicate to npm where to store your globally installed package. In your $HOME/.npmrc
file add:
> prefix=${HOME}/.npm-packages >4. Ensure node will find them. Add the following to your .bashrc/.zshrc:
> NODE_PATH="$NPM_PACKAGES/lib/node_modules:$NODE_PATH"
>5. Ensure you'll find installed binaries and man pages. Add the following to your .bashrc
/.zshrc
:
> PATH="$NPM_PACKAGES/bin:$PATH"
> # Unset manpath so we can inherit from /etc/manpath via the manpath
> # command
> unset MANPATH # delete if you already modified MANPATH elsewhere in your config
> MANPATH="$NPM_PACKAGES/share/man:$(manpath)"
> Check out npm-g_nosudo for doing the above steps automagically
Checkout the source of this guide for the latest updates.
Solution 11 - node.js
TL;DR
> always use sudo -i
or sudo -H
when running npm install
to install global packages.
When you use npm
, it downloads packages to your user home directory. When you run as sudo, npm
installs files to the same directory, but now they are owned by root.
So this is what happens to absolutely every single person who has ever used npm
:
- install some local packages without issue using
npm install foo
- install global package using
sudo install -g foo-cli
without issue - attempt to install local package with
npm install bar
- get frustrated at the
npm
designers now that you have to gochmod
a directory again
When you use the -i
or -H
option with sudo, your home directory will be root
's home directory. Any global installs will cache packages to /root/.npm
instead of root
-owned files at /home/me/.npm
.
Just always use sudo -i
or sudo -H
when running npm install
to install global packages and your npm
permissions problems will melt away.
For good.
--
q.v. the accepted answer for fixing an already messed up npm
.
Solution 12 - node.js
When you run npm install -g somepackage, you may get an EACCES error asking you to run the command again as root/Administrator. It's a permissions issue.
It's easy to fix, open your terminal (Applications > Utilities > Terminal)
sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/lib/node_modules
** I strongly recommend you to not use the package management with sudo (sudo npm -g install something), because you can get some issues later **
Reference: http://foohack.com/2010/08/intro-to-npm/
Solution 13 - node.js
I had a similar problem at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19352976/npm-modules-wont-install-globally-without-sudo/19354387, the issue was that when i installed node i did it with sudo via chris/lea ppa repo.
My solution was to uninstall node and then install it this way:
Download latest stable node sources from nodejs.org #in my case node-v0.10.20.tar.gz
> tar -zxf node-v0.10.20.tar.gz #uncompress sources > > cd node-v0.10.20 #enter uncompressed folder > > sudo chown $USER -R /usr/local > > ./configure --prefix=/usr/local && make && make install
PD: If you don't want to change ownership of the /usr/local folder, you can install it somewhere you already own. The problem of this approach is that you will have to bind the installation folder with the bash command line so that we can use the node command later on
> mkdir /opt
>
> ./configure --prefix=/opt && make && make install
>
> echo 'export PATH=~/opt/bin:${PATH}' >> ~/.bashrc #or ~/.profile or ~/.bash_profile or ~/.zshenv depending on the current Operative System
With either of those approaches, you will be able to do the following without using sudo
> npm install -g module_to_install
Solution 14 - node.js
For Mac (adopted from Christoper Will's answer)
Mac OS X 10.9.4
-
System Preference > Users & Groups > (unlock) > press + :
New Account > "Group"
Account Name : nodegrp
After creating the group, tick the user to be included in this group
> sudo chgrp -R nodegrp /usr/local/lib/node_modules/
> sudo chgrp nodegrp /usr/bin/node
> sudo chgrp nodegrp /usr/bin/npm
> sudo chown -R $(whoami):nodegrp ~/.npm
Solution 15 - node.js
For me, execute only
sudo chown -R $(whoami) ~/.npm
doesn't work. Then, I execute too
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/lib/node_modules/
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/bin/node
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/bin/npm
And all works fine!
Solution 16 - node.js
ISSUE: You (the user) don't have the right set of permissions for the directory.
The instant way out is to run the npm install using sudo, but this may give you the same error, or improper installation.
AND changing directory ownership is not a good option, a temporary patch.
Solution/Suggestion: Change npm's Default Directory (from official docs)
Back-up your computer before moving forward.
(optional) In case you have a erroneous installation, first uninstall it:
npm uninstall <package-name> # use sudo if you used it while installation
npm cache verify # or, npm cache clean for npm version below 5.x.x
-
Make a directory for global installations:
mkdir ~/.npm-global
-
Configure npm to use the new directory path:
npm config set prefix '~/.npm-global'
-
Open or create a
~/.profile
or~/.bash_profile
file and add this line:export PATH=~/.npm-global/bin:$PATH
-
Back on the command line, update your system variables, or restart the terminal:
source ~/.profile
-
(optional) Test: Download a package globally without using sudo.
npm install -g jshint
Solution 17 - node.js
In my case,it's because of the permission of ~/tmp.So I do:
sudo chown -R $USER ~/tmp
And it's OK!
Solution 18 - node.js
Problem: You do not have permission to write to the directories that npm uses to store global packages and commands.
Solution: Allow permission for npm.
Open a terminal:
> command + spacebar then type 'terminal'
Enter this command:
sudo chown -R $(whoami) $(npm config get prefix)/{lib/node_modules,bin,share}
- Note: this will require your password.
This solution allows permission to ONLY the directories needed, keeping the other directories nice and safe.
Solution 19 - node.js
In case sudo chown -R $(whoami) ~/.npm
didn't work for you, or you need a non terminal command solution.
The issue is that your user account does not have write permission to node_modules folder, so you can do the following
-
Open finder and press
cmd
+shift
+g
this will open go to folder with url -
Write the following path
/usr/local/lib/node_modules
and press go -
Right click on
node_modules
folder and chooseGet Info
-
Scroll down to
sharing & permissions
section -
Unlock to be able to make changes.
-
Press
+
and add your user account -
Make sure that you choose
Read & Write
in privilege drop down
Now you should be able to install packages without sudo
and permission issues should be solved
Solution 20 - node.js
simply try
npm rebuild
then after completion run your usual command
Solution 21 - node.js
Another great fix here to configure NPM properly, run the following commands :
npm config set prefix '~/.npm_packages'
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.npm_packages/bin; export PATH
Solution 22 - node.js
Best solution would be this which is provided by npm documentation.
For Ubuntu suggested solution is Option#2
Brief steps:
Make a directory for global installations:
mkdir ~/.npm-global
Configure npm to use the new directory path:
npm config set prefix '~/.npm-global'
npm config get prefix
can help you to verify if prefix was updated or not. The result would be <Your Home Directory>/.npm-global
Open or create a ~/.profile file and add this line:
export PATH=~/.npm-global/bin:$PATH
Back on the command line, update your system variables:
source ~/.profile
Instead of steps 2-4 you can also use the corresponding ENV variable (e.g. if you don't want to modify ~/.profile):
NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX=~/.npm-global
For Mac suggested solution is Option#3
On Mac OS you can avoid this problem altogether by using the Homebrew package manager
brew install node
Solution 23 - node.js
you could try this, works on ubuntu and mac
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/lib/node_modules
Solution 24 - node.js
Nobody mentioned this, but there is actually no need to mess up with permissions or a separate npm installation, just specifying a different cache folder to the command will fix the issue
npm install --cache .npm
npm run build --cache .npm
This will create a local .npm
folder
Solution 25 - node.js
What to me seems like the best option is the one suggested in the npm documentation, which is to first check where global node_modules are installed by default by running npm config get prefix
. If you get, like I do on Trusty, /usr
, you might want to change it to a folder that you can safely own without messing things up the way I did.
To do that, choose or create a new folder in your system. You may want to have it in your home directory or, like me, under /usr/local
for consistency because I'm also a Mac user (I prefer not to need to look into different places depending on the machine I happen to be in front of). Another good reason to do that is the fact that the /usr/local
folder is probably already in your PATH (unless you like to mess around with your PATH) but chances are your newly-created folder isn't and you'd need to add it to the PATH yourself on your .bash-profile or .bashrc file.
Long story short, I changed the default location of the global modules with npm config set prefix '/usr/local'
, created the folder /usr/local/lib/node_modules
(it will be used by npm) and changed permissions for the folders used by npm with the command:
sudo chown -R $(whoami) $(npm config get prefix)/{lib/node_modules,bin,share}
Now you can globally install any module safely. Hope this helps!
Solution 26 - node.js
This is how I solved the issue on Windows 8.1:
- Go to your nodejs install (usually C:\Program Files\nodejs)
- Right click node_modules folder and go to properties
- Click the Security tab and advanced
- At the top you will see "Owner: SYSTEM", click change
- Enter the user you want permissions for and click Ok
- Check the box at the bottom of the advanced settings "Replace all child object permission entries with inheritable permission entries from this object" and click ok
- Do whatever npm install/update you need
Solution 27 - node.js
I Solve it by changing the owner from root to my user-name
sudo chown -R me:me /home/me/.config/configstore/
change me with your user-name and group .
Solution 28 - node.js
I like to use ubuntu groups to achieve this instead of changing owner. Its quite simple.
-
First install nodejs and npm using apt-get
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install nodejs npm
-
Figure out who is logged in i.e username, run following command to see it in terminal
whoami
-
You can see the list of groups you are assigned by using a very simple command, normally the first group is your username itself
groups
-
Run following to allow access to logged in user
sudo chmod 777 -R /usr/local && sudo chgrp $(whoami) -R /usr/local
-
Update npm and nodejs
npm install -g npm
You are allset, your user can run npm commands without sudo
You can also refer to this link https://askubuntu.com/a/1115373/687804
Solution 29 - node.js
use below command while installing packages
sudo npm install --unsafe-perm=true --allow-root
Solution 30 - node.js
Actually, I was also having the same problem. I was running Ubuntu. Mine problem arises because I'd lost my public key of the Ubuntu. Even updating my system was not happening. It was giving GPG error. In that case, you can regain your key by using this command:
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys <key in GPG error>
After that npm works fine!
Solution 31 - node.js
John Papa points to the history and reasoning behind this issue and gives a solid fix:
John Papa's steps are to:
- Use brew to install node without npm
- Update your .bash_profile/.bashrc to let npm and node know where to install and find packages
- Use brew to update node and npm to update itself
Hope this helps the curious!
Solution 32 - node.js
@Yves M.'s answer was very similar to my solution. Here are the commands I used, which were slightly different from his.
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.31.0/install.sh | bash
Then query for the latest version:
nvm ls-remote
Then install the newest version:
nvm install YOUR_VERSION_HERE
example
nvm install v5.8.0
Solution 33 - node.js
I tried everything in comments, without any succses, but following command did the magic for me:
hash -r
Solution 34 - node.js
This is the solution I utilized and worked. I tried utilizing whoami
never worked.
sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/lib/node_modules
then
sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/bin/npm
then
sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/bin/node
Solution 35 - node.js
I found that if you only sudo -s
"it just starts up a shell with root permissions as a one step" and it really works for me. I don't know if it's a good practice or not.
I hope it helps.
Reference: https://apple.stackexchange.com/posts/14423/revisions
Solution 36 - node.js
The two commands which did not failed me.
- /usr/local/lib/ permission error
sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/lib/
- /usr/local/bin/ permission error
sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/bin/
Solution 37 - node.js
I set my user account as the owner of the /usr/local directory, so that can just issue normal commands in there.
sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local
Reference: http://howtonode.org/introduction-to-npm
Solution 38 - node.js
All the above is not necessary.
The issue I was having was I was using the -g when I was running NPM. I couldn't work out how I wasn't getting a 'npm_module' folder created in my project.
The solution is to run 'NPM init' This creates a 'package.json' and the 'npm_module' folder where all subsequent modules will be loaded into. When running npm DO NOT use -g use -s to update your 'package.json' file.
Solution 39 - node.js
sudo chown -R `whoami` /usr/local/lib