It&#39;s very annoying to have this limitation on my development box, when there won&#39;t ever be any users other than me.

I&#39;m aware of [the standard workarounds][1], but none of them do exactly what I want:

 1. [authbind][2] (The version in Debian testing, 1.0, only supports IPv4)
 2. [Using the iptables REDIRECT target to redirect a low port to a high port][3] (the &quot;nat&quot; table is not yet implemented for ip6tables, the IPv6 version of iptables)
 3. sudo (Running as root is what I&#39;m trying to avoid)
 4. SELinux (or similar). (This is just my dev box, I don&#39;t want to introduce a lot of extra complexity.)

Is there some simple `sysctl` variable to allow non-root processes to bind to &quot;privileged&quot; ports (ports less than 1024) on Linux, or am I just out of luck?

EDIT: In some cases, you can [use capabilities][4] to do this.

  [1]: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/386
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authbind
  [3]: http://www.frozentux.net/iptables-tutorial/iptables-tutorial.html#REDIRECTTARGET
  [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/413807/is-there-a-way-for-non-root-processes-to-bind-to-privileged-ports-1024-on-linux#414258

Is there a way for non-root processes to bind to &quot;privileged&quot; ports on Linux?

I&#39;m writing a script that requires root level permissions, and I want to make it so that if the script is not run as root, it simply echoes &quot;Please run as root.&quot; and exits.

Here&#39;s some pseudocode for what I&#39;m looking for:

    if (whoami != root)
      then echo &quot;Please run as root&quot;
     
      else (do stuff)
    fi

    exit

How could I best (cleanly and securely) accomplish this? Thanks!

Ah, just to clarify: the (do stuff) part would involve running commands that in-and-of themselves require root. So running it as a normal user would just come up with an error. This is just meant to cleanly run a script that requires root commands, without using sudo inside the script, I&#39;m just looking for some syntactic sugar. 

How to check if running as root in a bash script

My app has a certain piece of functionality that will only work on a device where root is available. Rather than having this feature fail when it is used (and then show an appropriate error message to the user), I&#39;d prefer an ability to silently check if root is available first, and if not,hide the respective options in the first place.

Is there a way to do this?

Determine if running on a rooted device

I&#39;m trying to extract the APK file of an installed Android app WITHOUT root permissions.

I thought that this was impossible, because all APK files for non-system-apps are located in /data/app, and accessing this folder requires root permission. Then I found that there are numerous apps in the Google Play store that seem to have access to the APK files even on non-rooted devices.

Can someone tell me how this is possible? Aren&#39;t there backup apps which backup the APK files without root?

How do I get the APK of an installed app without root access?

I am trying to change MySql root password.

What I have done is below.

 1. Install MySql-5.7.6 ~ .dmg(Community Server) and workbench.
 2. Turn off the server on OSX System preferences.
 3. Access MySql with console. The command was `mysqld_safe --skip-grant`
 4. Execute `update user set password=password(&#39;1111&#39;) where user=&#39;root&#39;;` and got an error message --&gt; `ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column &#39;password&#39; in &#39;field list&#39;`.

FYI, I did `use mysql;`.
So I did select query on user table and found password column actually does not exist. 

It is very weird. Is it possible that original user table does not have password column?

How can I change password, which does not exist?

Thanks for your answer :D

MySQL user DB does not have password columns - Installing MySQL on OSX

I am continuously receiving this error.

I am using mySQL Workbench and from what I am finding is that root&#39;s schema privileges are null. There are no privileges at all.

I am having troubles across platforms that my server is used for and this has been all of a sudden issue.

**root@127.0.0.1** apparently has a lot of access but I am logged in as that, but it just assigns to localhost anyways - localhost has no privileges.  

I have done a few things like `FLUSH HOSTS`, `FLUSH PRIVILEGES`, etc
but have found no success from that or the internet.

How can I get root its access back? I find this frustrating because when I look around people expect you to &quot;have access&quot; but I don&#39;t have access so I can&#39;t go into command line or anything and `GRANT` myself anything.

When running `SHOW GRANTS FOR root` this is what I get in return:

&gt; Error Code: 1141. There is no such grant defined for user &#39;root&#39; on
&gt; host &#39;%&#39;

Access Denied for User &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; (using password: YES) - No Privileges?

I have All Android SDK versions(from 1.5 to 2.3.3), and I tried many methods for getting root in Android emulator. I don&#39;t use any Android device and test everything on emulator(AVD).

I need to get root access in any one of the Android emulator to use the &#39;iptables&#39; and &#39;busybox&#39; functionality. And to use iptables I must have root access. Atleast &#39;su&#39; command should execute in the terminal emulator. 

I also installed `z4root` application, 

But it takes very long time and doesn&#39;t finish rooting, and gets stuck. some say that if we downgrade the system to below RC30, this way we can get root access. if this is true, then how to do this? I use both Linux and Windows OS.

Please someone tell me any method to root my emulator.

How to get root access on Android emulator? 

I&#39;m trying to run a bash script in Cygwin.  

I get &lt;code&gt;Must run as root, i.e. sudo ./scriptname&lt;/code&gt; errors.  

&lt;code&gt;chmod 777 scriptname&lt;/code&gt; does nothing to help.  

I&#39;ve looked for ways to imitate sudo on Cygwin, to add a root user, since calling &quot;su&quot; renders the error &lt;code&gt;su: user root does not exist&lt;/code&gt;, anything useful, and have found nothing.  

Anyone have any suggestions?

Root user/sudo equivalent in Cygwin?

I know that I can rename my webapp (or it&#39;s WAR file) to **ROOT** but this is a terrible way to do it, IMHO. Now I checked out the tomcat doc &amp; it says 

&gt; It is NOT recommended to place &lt;Context&gt; elements directly in the
&gt; server.xml file

So I tried doing it another method that it suggested.

&gt; Individual Context elements may be explicitly defined: In an
&gt; individual file at /META-INF/context.xml inside the application files.

So I created a `/META-INF/context.xml` with the following code,

    &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
    &lt;Context antiJARLocking=&quot;true&quot; path=&quot;/&quot;/&gt;


But after deploying when I restarted the server it still failed to load the context at &quot;/&quot;, it still loaded it with the `&quot;/&lt;WEB_APP_NAME&gt;&quot;`

Any pointers helpful.


How to set the context path of a web application in Tomcat 7.0

I have been trying to reset my MySQL root password.  I have run `mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables`, updated the root password, and checked the user table to make sure it is there.

Once restarting the MySQL daemon I tried logging in with the new root password that I just set and still get *Access denied* for user &#39;root&#39; errors.  I have also tried completely removing and reinstalling MySQL (including removing the `my.cnf` file) and still no luck. What can I do next?


MySQL root password change

BY default when you run 

`docker run -it [myimage]`  

OR
 
`docker attach [mycontainer]`

you connect to the terminal as root user, but I would like to connect as a different user.  Is this possible? 

Connect to docker container as user other than root

I rooted my unlocked Galaxy S3 (SGH-T999)

Now, I&#39;m trying to run `adb root` from Windows *Command Prompt*, however, I&#39;m getting `adbd cannot run as root in production builds` error. So, the very first thing I checked was whether my phone was really rooted?

So I tried the following:

Open Command prompt

    $adb devices // lists my device
    $adb shell //goes to shell
    $su // opens a &#39;SuperSu&#39; prompt on my phone and I &#39;Grant&#39; permission
    # // Before following the rooting instructions, I was getting &#39;no su command found&#39; in the previous step. So, I believe my phone is ROOTED. **Correct me if I&#39;m wrong.**

However, when I do `adb root`, I get `adbd cannot run as root in production builds` error.
So, I thought, I might have to do some additional stuff beyond what I did above. I tried all the solutions in the following SO questions:

 - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8761992/launch-a-script-as-root-through-adb
 - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13089694/adb-remount-permission-denied-but-able-to-access-super-user-in-shell-android
 - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18369144/unable-to-run-adb-root-on-a-rooted-android-phone

None of the above worked for me. All they do is give the ROOT access INSIDE of SHELL. I want `adb root` to work so that I can execute various adb commands WITHOUT going into shell.



adb shell su works but adb root does not

Problem: frequently the first command I type to my boxes is `su -`.

Question: how do I make `vagrant ssh` use the root user by default?

Version: vagrant 1.6.5

vagrant login as root by default

I have a Python script that will be doing a lot of things that would require root-level privileges, such as moving files in /etc, installing with apt-get, and so on. I currently have:

    if os.geteuid() != 0:
    	exit(&quot;You need to have root privileges to run this script.\nPlease try again, this time using &#39;sudo&#39;. Exiting.&quot;)

Is this the best way to do the check? Are there other best practices?

What is the best way for checking if the user of a script has root-like privileges?

I have just updated emulator 26.0.3, now I cannot run `adb root` command for new created emulator.

the error shown is below:

`adbd cannot run as root in production builds`

I have killed and restart `adbd` like:

    adb kill-server
    adb devices

Nothing helps, any ideas?

----

I am not sure what is the difference and how to select different build but,
if following settings are enabled while creating, then it has root.[![enter image description here][1]][1]


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/bYXc5.png

ADB root is not working on emulator (cannot run as root in production builds)

so, i&#39;m trying to push some files to /system on android device (zte)
I&#39;ve rooted, connected with ADB, 

adb remount -&gt; I get permission denied
adb shell su -&gt; I&#39;m able to access shell and create folders etc and edit filesystem

(but in shell I can&#39;t copy a file from my computer to device)

Any help please

adb remount permission denied, but able to access super user in shell -- android

I just installed [Ubuntu 16.04][1] (Xenial Xerus) and installed web server on it. Everything works well, but I cannot access database.
Even if I create new user and grant all privileges, I can&#39;t create database

In PHP I&#39;m getting this error:

```lang-none
SQLSTATE[HY000] [1698] Access denied for user &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39;
```

When I try to login in terminal, it works, but in PHP and phpMyAdmin don&#39;t.

PHP Code:

    protected $host = &#39;127.0.0.1&#39;;
    protected $db = &#39;dbname&#39;;
    protected $name = &#39;root&#39;;
    protected $pass = &#39;root&#39;;
    protected $conn;
    private static $settings = array(
        PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND =&gt; &#39;SET NAMES utf8&#39;
    );

    public function __construct() {
        try {
            $this-&gt;conn = new PDO(&quot;mysql:host=$this-&gt;host;dbname=$this-&gt;db&quot;, $this-&gt;name, $this-&gt;pass, self::$settings);
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            echo $e-&gt;getMessage();
        }
    }

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#Ubuntu_16.04_LTS_.28Xenial_Xerus.29







SQLSTATE[HY000] [1698] Access denied for user &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39;

I have actually lost my root password and I need to change it.  I follow these steps :

 - Step # 1: Stop the MySQL server process.
   
   Step # 2: Start the MySQL (mysqld) server/daemon process with the
   --skip-grant-tables option so that it will not prompt for a password.
   
   Step # 3: Connect to the MySQL server as the root user.

that we can found on these website : https://www.howtoforge.com/setting-changing-resetting-mysql-root-passwords#recover-mysql-root-password

    mysql&gt; use mysql;
    mysql&gt; SET PASSWORD FOR &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; = PASSWORD(&quot;TOOR&quot;);
    mysql&gt; flush privileges;
    mysql&gt; quit

First error, so I tried :

    mysql&gt; use mysql;
    mysql&gt; update user set password=PASSWORD(&quot;TOOR&quot;) where User=&#39;root&#39;;
    mysql&gt; flush privileges;
    mysql&gt; quit

Always the same error said : 

    ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that
    corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near &#39;(&quot;TOO
    R&quot;) WHERE User=&#39;root&#39;&#39; at line 1

How can I resolve this?


How to reset the root password in MySQL 8.0.11?

I ran `pod install` with El Capitan and got this error:

    Errno::EPERM - Operation not permitted - /Users/../Pods/Pods.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/root.xcuserdatad

Here&#39;s my environment: El Capitan (15A279b), Xcode Version 7.0 (7A220), cocoapod 0.38.2.  Any ideas?  Thanks!!!

The reason I use xcode7 (and not 6.4) is that I need to target an existing project to iOS9 for testing.  And the reason I am using El Capitan is that xcode7 doesn&#39;t run under Yosemite.  And I need to replace a library (managed by cocoapod) that no longer works under iOS9. 

Here&#39;s how I install cocoapods in El Capitan
`sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods`
as suggested by this link https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30812777/cannot-install-cocoa-pods-after-uninstalling-results-in-error/30851030#30851030

`pod --version`

returns

`0.38.2`

Can not perform `pod install` under el capitan (15A279b)

OS X lacks linux&#39;s `strace`, but it has `dtrace` which is supposed to be so much better. 

However, I miss the ability to do simple tracing on individual commands. For example, on linux I can write `strace -f gcc hello.c ` to caputre all system calls, which gives me the  list of *all* the filenames needed by the compiler to compile my program (the excellent [memoize][1] script is built upon this trick)

  [1]: http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~billm/memoize.html

I want to port memoize on the mac, so I need some kind of `strace`. What I actually need is the list of files `gcc` reads and writes into, so what I need is more of a `truss`. Sure enough can I say `dtruss -f gcc hello.c` and get somewhat the same functionality, but then the compiler is run with root priviledges, which is obviously undesirable (apart from the massive security risk, one issue is that the `a.out` file is now owned by root :-)

I then tried `dtruss -f sudo -u myusername gcc hello.c`, but this feels a bit wrong, and does not work anyway (I get no `a.out` file at all this time, not sure why)

All that long story tries to motivate my original question: **how do I get `dtrace` to run my command with normal user privileges, just like `strace` does in linux ?**

Edit: is seems that I&#39;m not the only one wondering how to do this: question [#1204256][2] is pretty much the same as mine (and has the same suboptimal sudo answer :-) 

[2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1204256/how-to-trace-a-program-from-its-very-beginning-without-running-it-as-root


How can I get dtrace to run the traced command with non-root priviledges?

I am trying to reset the root password following [MysqlPasswordReset][1] but when I try to start the server with --skip-grant-tables the server doesn&#39;t start

- Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-59-generic x86_64)
- mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux (x86_64)

Server is running

    $ mysql -u root
    ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; (using password: NO)

Stop server

    $ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
    [ ok ] Stopping mysql (via systemctl): mysql.service.


Trying to start with --skip-grant-tables

    sudo /usr/sbin/mysqld --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &amp;
    [1] 9856

  [1]: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MysqlPasswordReset

Connect with no password

    $ mysql -u root
    ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can&#39;t connect to local MySQL server through socket &#39;/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock&#39; (2)
    [1]+  Exit 1                  sudo /usr/sbin/mysqld --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking

I also tried to start with mysql_safe (error.log is empty)

    sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
    2017-02-01T16:33:31.382105Z mysqld_safe Logging to syslog.
    2017-02-01T16:33:31.383942Z mysqld_safe Logging to &#39;/var/log/mysql/error.log&#39;.
    2017-02-01T16:33:31.386058Z mysqld_safe Logging to &#39;/var/log/mysql/error.log&#39;.
    2017-02-01T16:33:31.388009Z mysqld_safe Directory &#39;/var/run/mysqld&#39; for UNIX socket file don&#39;t exists.

Can&#39;t reset root password with --skip-grant-tables on ubuntu 16

I&#39;m attempting to migrate an Xcode project to another computer. It gives me the warning &quot;Warning: unable to build chain to self-signed root for signer&quot; and when it runs it crashes immediately similarly to what is shown in this Stack Overflow:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48749912/app-working-on-simulator-but-not-on-iphone-dyld-abort-with-payload-dyld-dyld

My issue seems similar to what is described on the Apple Developer Forums here:
https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/86161

and similar to what is described on this Stack Overflow:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47307416/xcode-ios-app-development-code-signing

except the suggestions of deleting certificates and re-adding them, re-adding my account and restarting didn&#39;t seem to help. I have removed my developer cert for the second time and now I don&#39;t see it coming back, and I&#39;m at a loss of knowing how to get it back since my dev portal doesn&#39;t appear to have a place to download it like it used to. 

I&#39;ve also tried deleting the derived data folder several times. 

e: I&#39;ve determined ANY project on this computer results in the same crash and warning.

&quot;Warning: unable to build chain to self-signed root for signer&quot; warning in Xcode 9.2

I have a daemon which gets started as root (so it can bind to low ports). After initialisation I&#39;d very much like to have it drop root privileges for safety reasons.

Can anyone point me at a *known correct* piece of code in C which will do this?

I&#39;ve read the man pages, I&#39;ve looked at various implementations of this in different applications, and they&#39;re all different, and some of them are really complex. This is security-related code, and I really don&#39;t want to reinvent the same mistakes that other people are making. What I&#39;m looking for is a best practice, known good, portable library function that I can use in the knowledge that it&#39;s going to get it right. Does such a thing exist?

For reference: I&#39;m starting as root; I need to change to run under a different uid and gid; I need to have the supplementary groups set up correctly; I don&#39;t need to change back to root privileges afterwards.

Dropping root privileges

I need to run a shell script in Jenkins as root instead of the default user. What do I need to change?

My sudoers file is like this:

    # User privilege specification
    root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
    igx     ALL=(ALL) ALL
    %wheel  ALL=(ALL) ALL
    
    # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
    # (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move
    %sudo   ALL=(ALL) ALL
    #
    #includedir /etc/sudoers.d
    
    # Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
    %admin  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
    root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
    jenkins ALL=NOPASSWD: /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/ing00112/trunk/source/
    jenkins ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
    #Defaults:jenkins !requiretty

How to run a script as root in Jenkins?

I have a CentOS 5.7 linux server and use php5.3.x.

On a pfSense system, you can restart services-that required root permissions using a php web page.

I&#39;m trying to do something similar, I have written some php code to execute shell commands.  For example, to restart the sshd service:

    &lt;?php
    exec(&#39;/sbin/service sshd restart&#39;);
    ?&gt;

and I tried to execute that command via exec function, but it needs root permission, but we have a apache user authority.

I have come across a few solutions:

1.  &quot;run apache with root user&quot; 
really unsafe.  I do not want to do that.
2. &quot;apache ALL=NOPASSWD:/sbin/service to /etc/sudoers&quot;
I tried but and still have a problem.

Any other solutions? 
Thanks for answers.


---

	
now.. it&#39;s interesting. i tried @refp post and it worked my local ubuntu server. But when i tried same at my cenOS vps server. It&#39;s not working.and that is apache&#39;s error log &quot;rm: cannot remove `/var/lock/subsys/vsftpd&#39;: Permission denied&quot; 

Execute root commands via PHP

Basic question on ADB.

`adb root` restarts adb as root. But what i want is to restart it back to user after some time.

I tried the following :

    adb kill-server
    adb start-server

doesnt work..

`ps -A` -&gt; noted the process number of adb and killed it.. even this did not work. Finally i am restarting my device. Is there any way i can come back from root adb to general adb?

Thank you.

How to restart adb from root to user mode?

I&#39;m happily using SLF4J with logback and use **2 appenders** for the **ROOT** logger.

    &lt;root level=&quot;DEBUG&quot;&gt;
    	&lt;appender-ref ref=&quot;STDOUT&quot; /&gt;
    	&lt;appender-ref ref=&quot;FILE&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;/root&gt;

**How could we have different log-levels for both appenders? I still need all ROOT-logger messages.**

 - *DEBUG*-level for STDOUT
 - *INFO*-level for FILE

All log&#39;s need to be part of the output (so the ROOT logger is needed).

How to create 2 different ROOT loggers with logback?

I have an Android-based phone (2.3.6) with unlocked root privileges.
Since i&#39;d like to have access to my phone through my computer, today i&#39;ve installed QtAdb and Android SDK.
If i open a command prompt and i do

&gt; adb shell su

i get

&gt; #

And so I am able to copy, remove, push files on my phone (on the phone i get a notification using the app &quot;SuperSU&quot;.)

But if i launch QtAdb - under Windows 7 - i get the following error: &quot;adbd cannot run as root in production builds&quot;. I miss something? There&#39;s something wrong with QtAdb?

Android: adbd cannot run as root in production builds

Trying to 

    sudo npm install protractor -g

and the same notorious error/warning again (googled to no avail):

    gyp WARN EACCES user &quot;root&quot; does not have permission to access the dev dir &quot;/Users/dmitrizaitsev/.node-gyp/0.12.0&quot;

What seems to happen is that `node version 0.12.0` is downloaded and rebuilt, again and again during the same installation, despite of being the current node version on my machine:

    node -v
    v0.12.0

Questions:

- The directory &quot;/Users/dmitrizaitsev/.node-gyp/0.12.0&quot; is actually missing! Why such a misleading message?

- Why was this directory not created neither during the `node v0.12.0` nor during the previous successful rebuild with `node-gyp`?

- (Obviously) How can I prevent this from happening?

I run Mac OSX 10.8.5 if that is of any importance.

gyp WARN EACCES user &quot;root&quot; does not have permission to access the dev dir

I run XAMPP,
a few days back i had set up a password for the root password through phpmyadmin
I am not able to access phpMyAdmin ever since that moment

I followed help on [this link][1] but everything seems fine there (in config.inc.php). I even tried unistalling xampp fully, restarting windows and then reinstalling xampp, but still pointing to localhost/phpmyadmin I get the following error
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;MySQL said: 
Cannot connect: invalid settings. 
phpMyAdmin tried to connect to the MySQL server, and the server rejected the
connection. You should check the host, username and password in your
configuration and make sure that they correspond to the information given
by the administrator of the MySQL server.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

I Also tried to reset root password through mysqld.bat as given on mysql&#39;s website help but to no avail

Please Help!
Here&#39;s a screenshot describing the situation:
[![enter image description here][2]][2]


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/498343/putting-a-password-to-a-user-in-phpmyadmin-in-wamp
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/ml4g4.png

phpMyAdmin - can&#39;t connect - invalid setings - ever since I added a root password - locked out

Consider:

    DROP DATABASE db_name;
    ERROR 1010 (HY000): Error dropping database (can&#39;t rmdir &#39;./db_name&#39;, errno: 66)

The problem is that I don&#39;t know where the file/directory is located - this file is missing in **/usr/local/mysql/bin/**...

How do I fix this issue?


All Root Solutions on Gang of Coders

Total of 31 Root Solutions

Is there a way for non-root processes to bind to "privileged" ports on Linux?