I often see in many MySQL tutorials that people use command `IDENTIFIED BY &#39;password&#39;` both during user creation and granting him privileges. 

For example:

    CREATE USER &#39;username&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; IDENTIFIED BY &#39;password&#39;;
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database.* TO &#39;username&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; IDENTIFIED BY &#39;password&#39;;

I tried using `GRANT` without `IDENTIFIED BY` and it works.  
Can somebody explain me why it is used twice? Could there be other password for specific privileges?

&quot;IDENTIFIED BY &#39;password&#39;&quot; in MySQL

I would like to give a user all the permissions on a database without making it an admin.
The reason why I want to do that is that at the moment DEV and PROD are different DBs on the same cluster so I don&#39;t want a user to be able to change production objects but it must be able to change objects on DEV.

I tried:

    grant ALL on database MY_DB to group MY_GROUP;

but it doesn&#39;t seem to give any permission.

Then I tried:

    grant all privileges on schema MY_SCHEMA to group MY_GROUP;

and it seems to give me permission to create objects but not to query\delete objects on that schema that belong to other users

I could go on by giving USAGE permission to the user on MY_SCHEMA but then it would complain about not having permissions on the table ...

So I guess my question is: is there any easy way of giving all the permissions to a user on a DB?

I&#39;m working on PostgreSQL 8.1.23.

PostgreSQL: Give all permissions to a user on a PostgreSQL database

Can someone please tell me how to show all privileges/rules from a specific user in the sql-console?


How to show all privileges from a user in oracle?

A couple of questions regarding the x86 CPU privilege rings:

- Why aren&#39;t rings 1 and 2 used by most operating systems? Is it just to maintain code compatibility with other architectures, or is there a better reason?

- Are there any operating systems which actually use those rings? Or are they completely unused?

CPU Privilege Rings: Why rings 1 and 2 aren&#39;t used?

My computer is Windows XP. 

I need to find `my.cnf` to get all privileges back to the root user. I accidentally removed some privileges of the root user. I still have the password and there is no problem for me to log in to MySQL as the root user. But I can not alter a table.

I can not find my.cnf on my windows computer

I accidentally removed some of the privileges from my MySQL root user, including the ability to alter tables. Is there some way I can restore this user to its original state (with all privileges)?

    UPDATE mysql.user SET Grant_priv = &#39;Y&#39;, Super_priv = &#39;Y&#39; WHERE User = &#39;root&#39;;
    # MySQL returned an empty result set (i.e. zero rows).
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;
    # MySQL returned an empty result set (i.e. zero rows).
    
    
    #1045 - Access denied for user &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; (using password: YES)
    GRANT ALL ON *.* TO &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39;



How can I restore the MySQL root user’s full privileges?

I&#39;m new to the admin side of DBMS and was setting up a new database tonight (using MySQL) when I noticed this. After granting a user a privilege for the first time, another grant is created that looks like

    GRANT USAGE on *.* TO user IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD password

The documentation says that the `USAGE` privilege means &quot;no privileges,&quot; so I&#39;m inferring thats grants work hierarchically and perhaps a user must have some kind of privilege for all databases, so this serves as a catch all? 

I also dont understand why this line has an `IDENTIFIED BY` clause in it when the grant I created does not have one (mostly because I dont understand what purpose the `IDENTIFIED BY` clause serves).

*Edit:* Sorry for not stating this originally, the grants were

    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database.* TO admin_user
    GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON database.* TO user

Why is a &quot;GRANT USAGE&quot; created the first time I grant a user privileges?

Using PostgreSQL 9.0, I have a group role called &quot;staff&quot; and would like to grant all (or certain) privileges to this role on tables in a  particular schema. None of the following work

    GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA foo TO staff;
    GRANT ALL ON DATABASE mydb TO staff;

Members of &quot;staff&quot; are still unable to SELECT or UPDATE on the individual tables in the schema &quot;foo&quot; or (in the case of the second command) to any table in the database *unless* I grant all on that specific table.

What can I do make my and my users&#39; lives easier?

**Update:** Figured it out with the help of [a similar question on serverfault.com][1].

    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA foo TO staff;


  [1]: https://serverfault.com/questions/60508/grant-select-to-all-tables-in-postgresql

Grant all on a specific schema in the db to a group role in PostgreSQL

I&#39;m getting this error:

&gt; ORA-01950: no privileges on tablespace &#39;USERS&#39;

I have a default tablespace and I&#39;m able to create tables, however, they do not show at the objects tab in Toad.
I cannot insert anything into tables I create.

ORA-01950: no privileges on tablespace &#39;USERS&#39;

I use a standard user account for my daily tasks on Mac OS. Since upgrading to Snow Leopard I am asked to do the following when a program is run from within Xcode:

&quot;Type the name and password of a user in the &#39;Developer Tools&#39; group to allow Developer Tools Access to make changes&quot;

While I know the admin username/password, this is annoying (though only required once per login).

The developer tools access is asking for rights to &quot;system.privilege.taskport.debug&quot; from application gdb-i386-apple-darwin.

What is the best way around this?

Authorize a non-admin developer in Xcode / Mac OS

This question applies to Windows Vista!

I have an application which normally works without administrative privileges. There is one activity which does need administrative privilege but I don&#39;t want to start the application itself with higher privileges when I know most of time user wont even be using that feature.

I am thinking about certain method by which I can elevate the privileges of application on some event (such as press of a button). Example:

![][1]

If user clicks this button then he is prompted with UAC dialog or consent. How can I do this?


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/7wMTs.jpg

How to elevate privileges only when required?

I have a Python script that will be doing a lot of things that would require root-level privileges, such as moving files in /etc, installing with apt-get, and so on. I currently have:

    if os.geteuid() != 0:
    	exit(&quot;You need to have root privileges to run this script.\nPlease try again, this time using &#39;sudo&#39;. Exiting.&quot;)

Is this the best way to do the check? Are there other best practices?

What is the best way for checking if the user of a script has root-like privileges?

I tried to run simple SQL command:

    select * from site_adzone;

and I got this error

&gt; ERROR:  permission denied for relation site_adzone

What could be the problem here?

I tried also to do select for other tables and got same issue. I also tried to do this:

    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE jerry to tom;

but I got this response from console

&gt; WARNING:  no privileges were granted for &quot;jerry&quot;

Does anyone have any idea what can be wrong?

Permission denied for relation

I have looked into the documentation for `GRANT` Found [here][1] and I was trying to see if there is a built-in function that can let me look at what level of accessibility I have in databases. Of course there is:

`\dp` and `\dp mytablename`

But this does not show what my account has access to. I would like to see ALL the tables I have access to. Can anyone tell me if there is a command that can check my level of access in Postgres (whether I have `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `DELETE`, `UPDATE` privileges)? And if so, what would that command be?


  [1]: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/sql-grant.html

Check Postgres access for a user

I locked my root user out from our database. I need to get all privileges back to the root user. I have my password and I can log in to MySQL. But the root user has no all privileges.

How to start MySQL with --skip-grant-tables?

I have &quot;read only&quot; access to a few tables in an Oracle database. I need to get schema information on some of the columns. I&#39;d like to use something analogous to MS SQL&#39;s `sp_help`. 

I see the table I&#39;m interested in listed in this query:

    SELECT * FROM ALL_TABLES

When I run this query, Oracle tells me &quot;table not found in schema&quot;, and yes the parameters are correct.

    SELECT 
    DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(&#39;TABLE&#39;, &#39;ITEM_COMMIT_AGG&#39;, &#39;INTAMPS&#39;) AS DDL
    FROM DUAL;

After using my Oracle universal translator 9000 I&#39;ve surmised this doesn&#39;t work because I don&#39;t have sufficient privileges. Given my constraints how can I get the datatype and data length of a column on a table I have read access to with a PL-SQL statement?

How do I get column datatype in Oracle with PL-SQL with low privileges?

On Windows&amp;nbsp;7, I have a command-line program that fails due to file write permission errors, and popping up annoying [UAC][1] dialogs every time I run command-line programs that are from an &#39;unknown publisher&#39;.

However, if I start my console by right clicking and choosing &#39;run as administrator&#39;, then the install works fine, even if the UAC dialogs are still present.

My user is already a member of the &#39;administrators&#39; group, so what precisely does &#39;run as administrator&#39; do that makes my install work?

My specific question is precisely: What does &#39;run as administrator&#39; do? Neither of the answers thus far address this. (for example, does it run the new process as the &#39;Administrator&#39; user? Or does it run the process as the current user, but with elevated privileges? If so, what privileges? How does that differ from the privileges I get from my user being in the &#39;Administrators&#39; group?

(Specifically, I&#39;m using the &#39;Console&#39; from [SourceForge][2], not a regular CMD window, but I don&#39;t think that&#39;s important. This is all while installing the Python &#39;distribute&#39; package by running &#39;python distribute_setup.py&#39; on a newly installed Python3 MSI from python.org. It&#39;s a 32-bit Python on 64-bit Windows. See *https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8951862*)

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Account_Control
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SourceForge


What precisely does &#39;Run as administrator&#39; do?

Before you think this is a duplicate question, I believe I have a unique, even if it is somewhat dim-witted, case.

A few days ago, I upgraded the version of MySQL on my Ubuntu 10.04 server to 5.3.3 (it&#39;s ahead of the Ubuntu releases for 10.04). Today, I attempted to log into phpMyAdmin for something and discovered the somewhat dreaded `Connection for controluser as defined in your configuration failed` error.

After following descriptions from several SO questions on how to fix this, I have become stuck.

* I attempted to [reconfigure phpMyAdmin][1], with no success.
* I attempted to [uninstall phpMyAdmin and reinstall][2] it, but it couldn&#39;t remove the privileges from the DB and failed.
* I then attempted to [manually remove the privileges][3] of the user - somewhat foolishly, I might add - from the DB, then dropping the db, then the user (with `flush privileges`).
* I dropped the whole install of phpMyAdmin completely (deleting the application and the /etc/phpmyadmin directory) and reinstalled (using apt-get) but it said the permissions for the phpmyadmin user already existed:

`granting access to database phpmyadmin for phpmyadmin@localhost: already exists`


So, here is what I&#39;m left with. I have a grant that I cannot modify, nor revoke:

    mysql&gt; show grants for &#39;phpmyadmin&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39;;
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | Grants for phpmyadmin@localhost                                                                                   |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO &#39;phpmyadmin&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD &#39;*46CFC7938B60837F46B610A2D10C248874555C14&#39; |
    | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `phpmyadmin`.* TO &#39;phpmyadmin&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39;                                                |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    2 rows in set (0.26 sec)

    mysql&gt; revoke usage on *.* from &#39;phpmyadmin&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39;;
    ERROR 1141 (42000): There is no such grant defined for user &#39;phpmyadmin&#39; on host &#39;localhost&#39;

    mysql&gt; revoke usage on *.* from &#39;phpmyadmin&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; identified by &#39;trustno1&#39;;
    ERROR 1141 (42000): There is no such grant defined for user &#39;phpmyadmin&#39; on host &#39;localhost&#39;

(Don&#39;t worry, I do not use this password anymore, but it was the password that was used previously and it is not the password I chose for the new phpmyadmin installation).

How do I totally remove these grants/privileges? I am happy to start again from scratch if need be (phpmyadmin that is, not the DB).


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/13179473/379636
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/5136038/379636
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5287377/revoke-all-privileges-for-all-users-on-a-mysql-db

Remove privileges from MySQL database

I know that we shouldn&#39;t being using the registry to store Application Data anymore, but in updating a Legacy application (and wanting to do the fewest changes), what Registry Hives are non-administrators allowed to use?  

Can I access all of `HKEY_CURRENT_USER` (the application currently access `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE`) without Administrator privileges?  

All Privileges Solutions on Gang of Coders

Total of 19 Privileges Solutions

"IDENTIFIED BY 'password'" in MySQL