The -S switch makes sudo read the password from STDIN. This means you can do 

    echo mypassword | sudo -S command

to pass the password to sudo

However, the suggestions by others that do not involve passing the password as part of a command such as checking if the user is root are probably much better ideas for security reasons

You can set the `s` bit for your script so that it does not need `sudo` and runs as root (and you do not need to write your root password in the script):

    sudo chmod +s myscript

    echo -e &quot;YOURPASSWORD\n&quot; | sudo -S yourcommand

One option is to use the -A flag to sudo.  This runs a program to ask for the password.  Rather than ask, you could have a script that just spits out the password so the program can continue.



    # Make sure only root can run our script
    if [ &quot;$(id -u)&quot; != &quot;0&quot; ]; then
       echo &quot;This script must be run as root&quot; 1&gt;&amp;2
       exit 1
    fi


I set up a max length of text in an EditText field.

    &lt;EditText
    	        android:id=&quot;@+id/courseDescriptionField&quot;
    	        android:layout_width=&quot;fill_parent&quot;
    	        android:layout_height=&quot;wrap_content&quot;
    	        android:inputType=&quot;textMultiLine&quot;
    	        android:lines=&quot;5&quot;
    	        android:maxLength=&quot;@integer/max_course_description_limit&quot;
    	        android:gravity=&quot;left|top&quot; &gt;
    	    &lt;/EditText&gt;

The problem for me however is, that, text STOPS appearing after 140 characters, but it still continues to type, except that text just doesn&#39;t appear, but however, it does appear in the &quot;buffer&quot; (meaning the suggestion thing) if that&#39;s what you would call it.

As a side note, I am using a TextWatcher to keep track of the limit. Is there any way to completely limit the amount of text, so that when there are 140 characters, nothing happens when something other than backspace/delete is pressed?

Android EditText Max Length

I am having a WPF window, with a background image of one file in my local system. So the XAML file looks like this:

     &lt;Window.Background&gt;
        &lt;ImageBrush ImageSource=&quot;/MYASSEMBLY;component/Resources/MyPic.png&quot;/&gt;
     &lt;/Window.Background&gt;

In the XAML designer it actually shows this background image, so the image does exist in MYASSEMBLY\Resources folder. However, in the `InitializeComponent()` function call when I launch the application, it throws the exception

&gt; Cannot locate resource &#39;resources/mypic.png&#39;.

So I am totally lost now. Are the directories different between the design and runtime so doesn&#39;t exist in the runtime?

WPF throws &quot;Cannot locate resource&quot; exception when loading the image

I would like to run sudo with my password as parameter so that I can use it for a script. I tried

    sudo -S mypassword execute_command
but without any success. Any suggestions?

Use sudo with password as parameter

<p>I would like to run sudo with my password as parameter so that I can use it for a script. I tried</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">sudo -S mypassword execute_command
</code></pre>
<p>but without any success. Any suggestions?</p>


When issuing this command on Linux:

    # cat /proc/loadavg
    0.75 0.35 0.25 1/25 1747

The first three numbers are load averages. What are the last 2 numbers? 

The last one keeps increasing by 2 every second, should I be worried?

What do the numbers in /proc/loadavg mean on Linux?

I have a SMTP-server, for the purpose of this question lets call it: smtp.mydomain.com.


How do i check if the SMTP-server is in working? Can I send emails manually from Linux commandline?



How to check if smtp is working from commandline (Linux)

&lt;!-- language-all: lang-none --&gt;

My problem started off with me not being able to log in as root any more on my mysql install.  I was attempting to run mysql without passwords turned on... but whenever I ran the command 

    # mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &amp;

I would never get the prompt back. I was trying to follow [these instructions to recover the password](http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/recover-mysql-root-password.html).

The screen just looks like this: 

    root@jj-SFF-PC:/usr/bin# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
    120816 11:40:53 mysqld_safe Logging to syslog.
    120816 11:40:53 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql

and I don&#39;t get a prompt to start typing the SQL commands to reset the password. 

When I kill it by pressing &lt;kbd&gt;CTRL&lt;/kbd&gt; + &lt;kbd&gt;C&lt;/kbd&gt;, I get the following message: 

    error: &#39;Can&#39;t connect to local MySQL server through socket &#39;/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock&#39; (2)&#39;

    Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: &#39;/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock&#39; exists!

If I retry the command and leave it long enough, I do get the following series of messages:

    root@jj-SFF-PC:/run/mysqld# 120816 13:15:02 mysqld_safe Logging to syslog.
    120816 13:15:02 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
    120816 13:16:42 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
    
    [1]+  Done                    mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
    root@jj-SFF-PC:/run/mysqld#

But then if I try to log in as root by doing: 

    # mysql -u root

I get the following error message: 

    ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can&#39;t connect to local MySQL server through socket &#39;/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock&#39; (2)


I checked and `/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock` file doesn&#39;t not exist. The folder does, but not the file.  

Also, I don&#39;t know if this helps or not, but I ran `find / -name mysqld` and it came up with:

    /var/run/mysqld - folder
    /usr/sbin/mysqld - file
    /run/mysqld - folder

I&#39;m new to Linux and MySQL, so I don&#39;t know if this is normal or not. But I&#39;m including this info just in case it helps.


**I finally decided to uninstall and reinstall mysql.**

    apt-get remove mysql-server
    apt-get remove mysql-client
    apt-get remove mysql-common
    apt-get remove phpmyadmin

After reinstalling all packages again in the same order as above, during the phpmyadmin install, I got the same error:        

    ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can&#39;t connect to local MySQL server through socket &#39;/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock&#39; (2)

So I tried again to uninstall/reinstall. This time, after I uninstalled the packages, I also manually renamed all mysql files and directories to `mysql.bad` in their respective locations.

    /var/lib/mysql 
    /var/lib/mysql/mysql
    /var/log/mysql
    /usr/lib/perl5/DBD/mysql
    /usr/lib/perl5/auto/DBD/mysql
    /usr/lib/mysql
    /usr/bin/mysql
    /usr/share/mysql
    /usr/share/dbconfig-common/internal/mysql
    /etc/init.d/mysql
    /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/mysql
    /etc/mysql

Then I tried to reinstall `mysql-server` and `mysql-client` again.  But I&#39;ve noticed that it doesn&#39;t prompt me for a password.  Isn&#39;t it supposed to ask for an admin password? 

error: &#39;Can&#39;t connect to local MySQL server through socket &#39;/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock&#39; (2)&#39; -- Missing /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

I wanted to do grep for keywords with double quotes inside. To give a simple example:

    echo &quot;member&quot;:&quot;time&quot; | grep -e &quot;member\&quot;&quot;

That does not match. How can I fix it?


Escape double quote in grep

I saw this interesting question at a comment on [cyberciti.biz](http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-redirect-output-and-errors-to-devnull/).

That I found I even can&#39;t find a flexible way to do this in one-line command with sh.

As far my thought for the solution is:

    tmp_file=`mktemp`
    (./script 2&gt;$tmp_file &gt;/dev/null; cat $tmp_file) | ./other-script
    rm tmp_file

But you see, this is not synchronous, and fatally, it&#39;s so ugly.


Welcome to share you mind about this. :)


Shell: redirect stdout to /dev/null and stderr to stdout

I need to pass a string to a program as its argument from the Bash CLI, e.g

    program &quot;don&#39;t do this&quot;

The string may include any character like `&#39;$&#39;`, `&#39;\&#39;`, etc. and I don&#39;t want Bash to do any modification. So I think about using single quotes.

However the following does not work:

     program &#39;don\&#39;t do this&#39;            //escape doesn&#39;t work in single quote

While the following two works:

     program $&#39;dont\&#39;t do this&#39;          //seems fine, but any other side effects?
     program &#39;dont&#39;\&#39;&#39;do this&#39;           //breaking into 3 parts

The first approach seems better in that it acquires less pre modification (put the dollar symbol in front and substitute every `\` to `\\`), but I don&#39;t know what else the DOLLAR SIGN might do.

I&#39;ve really googled this but I can&#39;t find what I need...



How does the leading dollar sign affect single quotes in Bash?

The following bash script is slow when scanning for .git directories because it looks at every directory. If I have a collection of large repositories it takes a long time for find to churn through every directory, looking for .git. It would go much faster if it would prune the directories within repos, once a .git directory is found. Any ideas on how to do that, or is there another way to write a bash script that accomplishes the same thing?

    #!/bin/bash
    
    # Update all git directories below current directory or specified directory
    
    HIGHLIGHT=&quot;\e[01;34m&quot;
    NORMAL=&#39;\e[00m&#39;
    
    DIR=.
    if [ &quot;$1&quot; != &quot;&quot; ]; then DIR=$1; fi
    cd $DIR&gt;/dev/null; echo -e &quot;${HIGHLIGHT}Scanning ${PWD}${NORMAL}&quot;; cd -&gt;/dev/null
    
    for d in `find . -name .git -type d`; do
      cd $d/.. &gt; /dev/null
      echo -e &quot;\n${HIGHLIGHT}Updating `pwd`$NORMAL&quot;
      git pull
      cd - &gt; /dev/null
    done


---

Specifically, how would you use these options? For this problem, you cannot assume that the collection of repos is all in the same directory; they might be within nested directories.

    top
      repo1
      dirA
         
      dirB
         dirC
            repo1

How to quickly find all git repos under a directory

In popular imperative languages, switch statements generally &quot;fall through&quot; to the next level once a case statement has been matched. 

Example:

    int a = 2;
    switch(a)
    {
       case 1:
          print &quot;quick &quot;;
       case 2: 
          print &quot;brown &quot;;
       case 3: 
          print &quot;fox &quot;;
          break;
       case 4:
          print &quot;jumped &quot;;
    }
    
would print &quot;brown fox&quot;.
    
However the same code in bash
    
    A=2
    case $A in
    2)
      echo &quot;QUICK&quot;
      ;&amp;
    2)
      echo &quot;BROWN&quot;
      ;&amp;
    3)
      echo &quot;FOX&quot;
      ;&amp;
    4)
      echo &quot;JUMPED&quot;
      ;&amp;
    esac

    
only prints &quot;BROWN&quot;

How do I make the case statement in bash &quot;fall through&quot; to the remaining conditions like the first example?

(edit: Bash version 3.2.25, the ;&amp; statement ([from wiki][1]) results in a syntax error)

running:

test.sh:

    #!/bin/bash
    A=2
    case $A in
    1)
      echo &quot;QUICK&quot;
      ;&amp;
    2)
      echo &quot;BROWN&quot;
      ;&amp;
    3)
      echo &quot;FOX&quot;
      ;&amp;
    esac

Gives:

&gt; ./test.sh: line 6: syntax error near unexpected token `;&#39; ./test.sh:  
&gt; line 6: `  ;&amp;&#39;



  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_statement

Case statement fallthrough?

I have the following three constructs in a bash script:

    NUMOFLINES=$(wc -l $JAVA_TAGS_FILE)
    echo $NUMOFLINES&quot; lines&quot;

    echo $(wc -l $JAVA_TAGS_FILE)&quot; lines&quot;

    echo &quot;$(wc -l $JAVA_TAGS_FILE) lines&quot;


And they both produce identical output when the script is run:

    121711 /home/slash/.java_base.tag lines
    121711 /home/slash/.java_base.tag lines
    121711 /home/slash/.java_base.tag lines

I.e. the name of the file is also echoed (which I don&#39;t want to). Why do these scriplets fail and how should I output a clean:

    121711 lines

?

bash echo number of lines of file given in a bash variable without the file name

I have a script called `foo.sh` in my home folder. 

When I navigate to this folder, and enter `./foo.sh`, I get 

`-bash: ./foo.sh: Permission denied`. 

When I use `sudo ./foo.sh`, I get 

`sudo: foo.sh: command not found`.

Why does this happen and how I can fix it? 


Command not found when using sudo

Attempting something devious on my machine leads to

    ryan@debian:~$ sudo EAT_ALL_THE_COOKIES_BEFORE_DINNER
    [sudo] password for ryan: 
    ryan is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.

Where is this incident reported, and how do I get the log of all the nasty attempted commands?

Where are sudo incidents reported?

I&#39;ve started to use my Mac to install Python packages in the same way I do with my Windows PC at work; however on my Mac I&#39;ve come across frequent *permission denied* errors while writing to log files or site-packages.

Therefore I thought about running `pip install &lt;package&gt;` under `sudo` but is that a safe/acceptable use of sudo considering I&#39;m just wanting this to be installed under my current user account?

Example traceback from a logfile I/O error:

    Command /usr/bin/python -c &quot;import setuptools;__file__=&#39;/Users/markwalker/build/pycrypto/setup.py&#39;;exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace(&#39;\r\n&#39;, &#39;\n&#39;), __file__, &#39;exec&#39;))&quot; install --single-version-externally-managed --record /var/folders/tq/hy1fz_4j27v6rstzzw4vymnr0000gp/T/pip-k6f2FU-record/install-record.txt failed with error code 1 in /Users/markwalker/build/pycrypto
    Storing complete log in /Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;/usr/local/bin/pip&quot;, line 8, in &lt;module&gt;
        load_entry_point(&#39;pip==1.1&#39;, &#39;console_scripts&#39;, &#39;pip&#39;)()
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/__init__.py&quot;, line 116, in main
        return command.main(args[1:], options)
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py&quot;, line 141, in main
        log_fp = open_logfile(log_fn, &#39;w&#39;)
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py&quot;, line 168, in open_logfile
        log_fp = open(filename, mode)
    IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: &#39;/Users/markwalker/Library/Logs/pip.log&#39;

**Update**
This was likely down to permissions, however the best approach is to use virtual environments for your python projects. Running `sudo pip` should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.

Getting &quot;Permission Denied&quot; when running pip as root on my Mac

I just installed node and npm through the package on nodejs.org, and whenever I try to search or install something with npm, it throws the following error unless I sudo the command.  I have a feeling this is a permissions issue?  I am already the admin.

    npm ERR! Error: EACCES, open &#39;/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json&#39;
    npm ERR!  { [Error: EACCES, open &#39;/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json&#39;]
    npm ERR!   errno: 3,
    npm ERR!   code: &#39;EACCES&#39;,
    npm ERR!   path: &#39;/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json&#39; }
    npm ERR! 
    npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.
    
    npm ERR! System Darwin 12.2.0
    npm ERR! command &quot;node&quot; &quot;/usr/local/bin/npm&quot; &quot;search&quot; &quot;bower&quot;
    npm ERR! cwd /Users/chietala
    npm ERR! node -v v0.10.4
    npm ERR! npm -v 1.2.18
    npm ERR! path /Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json
    npm ERR! code EACCES
    npm ERR! errno 3
    npm ERR! stack Error: EACCES, open &#39;/Users/chietala/.npm/-/all/.cache.json&#39;
    npm ERR! 
    npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in:
    npm ERR!     /Users/chietala/npm-debug.log
    npm ERR! not ok code 0

How to fix npm throwing error without sudo

On my Debian server I have a user called &quot;deployer&quot; that does not have `sudo` access, and has RVM installed.

When installing Ruby using &quot;deployer&quot;, like 1.9.3, it triggers a task to install dependencies

    &quot;Installing requirements for debian, might require sudo password.&quot;

which fails and stops installation because &quot;deployer&quot; can not sudo.

I don&#39;t want to add &quot;deployer&quot; into the sudoers list, and don&#39;t want to install RVM for some other user just for a one-time use for installing dependencies.

What is the correct way to install that dependencies? Or how do I list them to install manually?


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	ccman	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Linux	stonesam92	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Linux	perreal	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Linux	matteomattei	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Linux	Lucas Holt	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - Linux	kbdjockey	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Use sudo with password as parameter

Linux Problem Overview

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WPF throws "Cannot locate resource" exception when loading the image

Android EditText Max Length

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