I want to get a MIME Content-Type from a given extension (preferably without accessing the physical file). I have seen some questions about this and the methods described to perform this can be resumed in:

 1. Use [registry information][1].
 2. Use [urlmon.dll&#39;s FindMimeFromData][2].
 3. Use [IIS information][3].
 4. Roll your own MIME mapping function. Based on [this table][4], for example.

I&#39;ve been using no.1 for some time but I realized that the information provided by the registry is not consistent and depends on the software installed on the machine. Some extensions, like .zip don&#39;t use to have a Content-Type specified.

Solution no.2 forces me to have the file on disk in order to read the first bytes, which is something slow but may get good results.

The third method is based on Directory Services and all that stuff, which is something I don&#39;t like much because I have to add COM references and I&#39;m not sure it&#39;s consistent between IIS6 and IIS7. Also, I don&#39;t know the performance of this method.

Finally, I didn&#39;t want to use my own table but at the end seems the best option if I want a decent performance and consistency of the results between platforms (even Mono).

Do you think there&#39;s a better option than using my own table or one of other described methods are better? What&#39;s your experience?

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1029740/get-a-mime-from-an-extention/1029796#1029796
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58510/in-c-how-can-you-find-the-mime-type-of-a-file-based-on-the-file-signature-not-th/58570#58570
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/174888/asp-net-iis6-how-to-search-the-servers-mime-map/174988#174988
  [4]: http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types

File extensions and MIME Types in .NET

My PHP script sends email to users and when the email arrives to their mailboxes, the subject line (`$subject`) has characters like `a^&#163;` added to the end of my subject text. This is obviously and encoding problem. The email message content itself is fine, just the subject line is broken.

I have searched all over but can’t find **how to encode my subject properly**.

This is my header. Notice that I’m using `Content-Type` with `charset=utf-8` and  `Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit`.

    //set all necessary headers
    $headers = &quot;From: $sender_name&lt;$from&gt;\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;Reply-To: $sender_name&lt;$from&gt;\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;X-Sender: $sender_name&lt;$from&gt;\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;X-Mailer: PHP4\n&quot;; //mailer
    $headers .= &quot;X-Priority: 3\n&quot;; //1 UrgentMessage, 3 Normal
    $headers .= &quot;MIME-Version: 1.0\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;X-MSMail-Priority: High\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;Importance: 3\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;Date: $date\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;Delivered-to: $to\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;Return-Path: $sender_name&lt;$from&gt;\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;Envelope-from: $sender_name&lt;$from&gt;\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n&quot;;
    $headers .= &quot;Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n&quot;;

Email from PHP has broken Subject header encoding

Where can I find a list of all of the MIME types and the identifying characters for **Microsoft Office 2007** files?

I have an upload form that is restricting uploads based on the extensions and identifying characters, but I cannot seem to find the **Office 2007 MIME** types.

Can anyone help?

Microsoft Office 2007 file type, Mime types and identifying characters

I&#39;m writing a web service that returns a base64-encoded PDF file, so my plan is to add two headers to the response:

    Content-Type: application/pdf
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64

My question is: Is `Content-Transfer-Encoding` a valid HTTP header?  I think it might only be for MIME.  If not, how should I craft my HTTP response to represent the fact that I&#39;m returning a base64-encoded PDF?  Thanks.

**EDIT:** 

It looks like HTTP does not support this header.  From [RFC2616 Section 14][1]:

&gt; Note: while the definition of Content-MD5 is exactly the same for HTTP
&gt; as in RFC 1864 for MIME entity-bodies, there are several ways in which
&gt; the application of Content-MD5 to HTTP entity-bodies differs from its
&gt; application to MIME entity-bodies. One is that **HTTP, unlike MIME, does
&gt; not use Content-Transfer-Encoding**, and does use Transfer-Encoding and
&gt; Content-Encoding.

Any ideas for what I should set my headers to?  Thanks.

**EDIT 2**

Many of the code samples found in the comments of this PHP reference manual page seem to suggest that it actually *is* a valid HTTP header:

http://php.net/manual/en/function.header.php

  [1]: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html

Is Content-Transfer-Encoding an HTTP header?

My program uses its own binary file type, so I assume I can&#39;t use MIME type text/plain, as it is not a 7-bit ASCII file.

Should I just call it &quot;application/myappname&quot;?



Which MIME type to use for a binary file that&#39;s specific to my program?

I am looking for a simple way to get a mime type where the file extension is incorrect or not given, something similar to [this question][1] only in .Net.


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51438/getting-a-files-mime-type-in-java

Using .NET, how can you find the mime type of a file based on the file signature not the extension

Searching the web, I find heaps of different suggestions for what the proper MIME type for a font is, but I have yet to try any MIME type that rids me of a Chrome warning such as the following:

&gt; Resource interpreted as font but transferred with MIME type font/otf

The font is an OTF.

I&#39;ve tried the following MIME types so far

* font/otf
* application/font-otf
* application/font
* application/otf
* application/octet-stream
* application/x-font-otf
* application/x-font-TrueType (I know it&#39;s not truetype, but one source quoted this for OTF)

Proper MIME type for OTF fonts

Let&#39;s say you want to save a bunch of files somewhere, for instance in BLOBs. Let&#39;s say you want to dish these files out via a web page and have the client automatically open the correct application/viewer.

Assumption: The browser figures out which application/viewer to use by the mime-type (content-type?) header in the HTTP response.

Based on that assumption, in addition to the bytes of the file, you also want to save the MIME type.

How would you find the MIME type of a file? I&#39;m currently on a Mac, but this should also work on Windows. 

Does the browser add this information when posting the file to the web page?

Is there a neat python library for finding this information? A WebService or (even better) a downloadable database?

How to find the mime type of a file in python?

When creating [email messages][1] you are supposed to set the [Content-Type][2] to `multipart/alternative` when sending HTML and TEXT or `multipart/mixed` when sending TEXT and attachments.

So what do you do if you want to send HTML, Text, and attachments? Use both?


  [1]: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc1341/7_2_Multipart.html
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME#Content-Type

Mail multipart/alternative vs multipart/mixed

Do I have to specify a MIME type if the uploaded file has no extension?
In other words is there a default general MIME type?

Unknown file type MIME?

I&#39;m trying to send a multipart/related html email with embedded gif images.  This email is generated using Oracle PL/SQL.  My attempts have failed, with the image showing up as a red X (in Outlook 2007 and yahoo mail)

I&#39;ve been sending html emails for some time, but my requirements are now to use several gif images in the email.  I can store these on one of our web servers and just link to them, but many users email clients will not show them automatically and will need to either change settings or manually download them for each email.

So, my thoughts are to embed the image.  My questions are:

1.  What am I doing wrong here?
2.  Is the embedding approach the correct one?
3.  Any other options if I need to use more and more images?  Attachments won&#39;t work, as the images are typically logos and icons that won&#39;t make sense out of the context of the message.  Also, some elements of the email are links into an online system, so generating a static PDF and attaching won&#39;t work (to my knowledge anyway).
 
snippet:

    MIME-Version: 1.0
    To: me@gmail.com
    BCC: me@yahoo.com
    From: email@yahoo.com
    Subject: Test
    Reply-To: email@yahoo.com
    Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary=&quot;a1b2c3d4e3f2g1&quot;
    
    --a1b2c3d4e3f2g1
    
    content-type: text/html;
    
        &lt;html&gt;
        &lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;My title&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;
        &lt;body&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;IMG SRC=&quot;cid:my_logo&quot; alt=&quot;Logo&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    
    ... more html here ...
    
    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt; 
    
    --a1b2c3d4e3f2g1
    
    Content-Type: image/gif;
    Content-ID:&lt;my_logo&gt;
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
    Content-Disposition: inline
    
    [base64 image data here]
    
    --a1b2c3d4e3f2g1--



Many thanks.

BTW: Yes, I have verified that the base64 data is correct, as I can embed the image in the html itself (using same algo use for creating header data) and see image in Firefox/IE.

I should also note that this is NOT for spam, the emails are sent to specific clients who are expecting it daily.  The content is data-driven, and not adverts.

embedding image in html email

What is the most appropriate media type (formally MIME type) to use when sending data structured with YAML over HTTP and why?

There is no registered [application type][1] or [text type][2] that I can see.

Example:

    &gt; GET /example.yaml
    
    &lt; Content-Type: ????
    &lt;
    &lt; --- # Favorite movies
    &lt; - Casablanca
    &lt; - North by Northwest
    &lt; - Notorious

Possible options:

* text/x-yaml
* text/yaml
* text/yml
* application/x-yaml
* application/x-yml
* application/yaml
* application/yml


  [1]: http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/
  [2]: http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/


YAML media type?

Is there a way to find out the MIME type (or is it called &quot;Content-Type&quot;?) of a file in a Linux bash script?

The reason I need it is because ImageShack appears to need it to upload a file, as for some reason it detects the .png file as an `application/octet-stream` file.
 
I’ve checked the file, and it really is a PNG image:
    
    $ cat /1.png 
    ?PNG
    (with a heap load of random characters)

This gives me the error:

    $ curl -F &quot;fileupload=@/1.png&quot; http://www.imageshack.us/upload_api.php
    &lt;links&gt;
    &lt;error id=&quot;wrong_file_type&quot;&gt;Wrong file type detected for file 1.png:application/octet-stream&lt;/error&gt;
    &lt;/links&gt;


This works, but I need to specify a MIME-TYPE.

    $ curl -F &quot;fileupload=@/1.png;type=image/png&quot; http://www.imageshack.us/upload_api.php

How can I find out a file&#39;s MIME type (Content-Type)?

Is there what could be considered a &quot;default&quot; mimetype?

I&#39;ve seen &quot;unknown/unknown&quot; and &quot;application/binary&quot;.  But is there a default to revert to when no other MIME type is found?

Is there a &quot;default&quot; MIME type?

In a web application I am working on, the user can click on a link to a CSV file.  There is no header set for the mime-type, so the browser just renders it as text.  I would like for this file to be sent as a .csv file, so the user can directly open it with calc, excel, gnumeric, etc.  

    header(&#39;Content-Type: text/csv&#39;);
    echo &quot;cell 1, cell 2&quot;;

This code works as expected on my computer (Isn&#39;t that how it always is?) but does not work on another computer.

My browser is a nightly build of FF 3.0.1 (on linux).  The browsers it did not work in were IE 7 and FF 3.0 (on windows)

Are there any quirks I am unaware of?

How to use the CSV MIME-type?

Does anyone know if there exists a MIME type for Markdown? I guess it is `text/plain`, but is there a more specific one?

What is the MIME type for Markdown?

I am developing a web page using JavaScript and HTML, everything was working
good when I have received this list of errors from my HTML page:

&lt;!-- language: none --&gt;

    The resource from “https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dataarts/dat.gui/master/build/dat.gui.min.js”
      was blocked due to MIME type mismatch (X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff).
    The resource from “https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mrdoob/three.js/dev/build/three.js” was
      blocked due to MIME type mismatch (X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff).
    The resource from “https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mrdoob/three.js/master/examples/js/renderers/CanvasRenderer.js”
      was blocked due to MIME type mismatch (X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff).
    The resource from “https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mrdoob/three.js/master/examples/js/renderers/Projector.js”
      was blocked due to MIME type mismatch (X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff).
    The resource from “https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mrdoob/three.js/dev/build/three.js” was
      blocked due to MIME type mismatch (X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff).

These errors appeared after an automatic browser update (Mozilla Firefox), may
be something has been changed in the set up. Do you know any way to solve this
problem?

Resource blocked due to MIME type mismatch (X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff)

I have a page that allows the user to download a dynamically-generated file. It takes a long time to generate, so I&#39;d like to show a &quot;waiting&quot; indicator. The problem is, I can&#39;t figure out how to detect when the browser has received the file so that I can hide the indicator.

I&#39;m requesting a hidden form, which [POSTs][1] to the server, and targets a hidden iframe for its results. This is, so I don&#39;t replace the entire browser window with the result. I listen for a &quot;load&quot; event on the iframe, hoping that it will fire when the download is complete.

I return a &quot;`Content-Disposition: attachment`&quot; header with the file, which causes the browser to show the &quot;Save&quot; dialog. But the browser doesn&#39;t fire a &quot;load&quot; event in the iframe.

One approach I tried is using a `multi-part` response. So it would send an empty HTML file, as well as the attached downloadable file.

For example:

    Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=&quot;abcde&quot;

    --abcde
    Content-type: text/html

    --abcde
    Content-type: application/vnd.fdf
    Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=foo.fdf

    file-content
    --abcde

This works in Firefox; it receives the empty HTML file, fires the *&quot;load&quot;* event, and then shows the *&quot;Save&quot;* dialog for the downloadable file. But it fails on [Internet&amp;nbsp;Explorer][2] and [Safari][3]; Internet&amp;nbsp;Explorer fires the &quot;load&quot; event, but it doesn&#39;t download the file, and *Safari downloads* the file (with the wrong name and content-type) and doesn&#39;t fire the *&quot;load&quot;* event.

A different approach might be to call to start the file creation, poll the server until it&#39;s ready, and then download the already-created file. But I&#39;d rather avoid creating temporary files on the server.

What should I do?

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POST_%28HTTP%29
  [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer
  [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_%28web_browser%29




Detect when a browser receives a file download

Just ran my site in chrome and suprisingly it comes up with this warning for each of my .png images:

    Resource interpreted as image but transferred with MIME type application/octet-stream.

Anyone seen this before?

Regards

MIME type warning in chrome for png images

I&#39;ve recently decided to switch from Apache2 to Nginx. I installed Nginx on my CentOS server and setup a basic configuration.
When I tried to load my site in browser (FF/Chrome) I noticed that css file is not loaded. I checked the error console and saw this message:

`Error: The stylesheet http://example.com/style.css was not loaded because its MIME type, &quot;text/html&quot;, is not &quot;text/css&quot;.`

I checked Nginx configuration and everything seems to be fine:

    http {
        include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        ..........
    }

The mime type for css files is correctly set in /etc/nginx/mime.types.

`text/css css;`

Everything seems to be well configured but my css files are still not loaded. I have no explanation.

Another thing worth mentioning. Initially I installed Nginx using epel repositories and i got an old version: 0.8... It appeared to me that my problem was a bug in that version so I uninstalled 0.8 version, added nginx repository to yum and then installed latest version: 1.0.14. I thought the new version will solve my problem, but unfortunately it didn&#39;t so I am running out of ideas.

I appreciate any help.

Configuration files:

**/etc/nginx/nginx.conf**

    user  nginx;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        log_format  main  &#39;$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] &quot;$request&quot; &#39;
                          &#39;$status $body_bytes_sent &quot;$http_referer&quot; &#39;
                          &#39;&quot;$http_user_agent&quot; &quot;$http_x_forwarded_for&quot;&#39;;
    
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    }

**/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf**

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
    
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;
    
        location / {
             root    /usr/share/nginx/html;
             index  index.html index.htm index.php;
             fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
             fastcgi_index  index.php;
             fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
             include        fastcgi_params;
        }
    
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
    
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
    
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
    
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache&#39;s document root
        # concurs with nginx&#39;s one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

**/etc/nginx/mime.types**

    types {
        text/html                             html htm shtml;
        text/css                              css;
        text/xml                              xml;
        image/gif                             gif;
        image/jpeg                            jpeg jpg;
        application/x-javascript              js;
        application/atom+xml                  atom;
        application/rss+xml                   rss;
        ..........................................
        other types here
        ..........................................
    }




Nginx fails to load css files

I&#39;ve been playing around with the email module in python but I want to be able to know how to embed images which are included in the html.

So for example if the body is something like

    &lt;img src=&quot;../path/image.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/img&gt;

I would like to embed *image.png* into the email, and the `src` attribute should be replaced with `content-id`. Does anybody know how to do this?

Sending Multipart html emails which contain embedded images

How can I get the MIME type from a file extension?

Get MIME type from filename extension

MS Excel has the following observed MIME types:

 - `application/vnd.ms-excel` (official)
 - `application/msexcel`
 - `application/x-msexcel`
 - `application/x-ms-excel`
 - `application/x-excel`
 - `application/x-dos_ms_excel`
 - `application/xls`
 - `application/x-xls`
 - `application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet` (xlsx)

Is there any one type that would work for all versions? If not, do we need to set `response.setContentType()` with each one of these mime types individually?

Also, we use file streaming in our application to display document (not just excel - any type of document). In doing so, how can we retain the filename if the user opts to save the file - currently, the name of the servlet that renders the file appears as the default name.

Setting mime type for excel document

How do you get a Media Type (MIME type) from a file using Java?  So far I&#39;ve tried JMimeMagic &amp; Mime-Util. The first gave me memory exceptions, the second doesn&#39;t close its streams properly.

How would you probe the file to determine its actual type (not merely based on the extension)?

How to get a file&#39;s Media Type (MIME type)?

i&#39;m developing a client mail using javax.mail to read mail inside mail box:

    Properties properties = System.getProperties();  
    properties.setProperty(&quot;mail.store.protocol&quot;, &quot;imap&quot;);  
    try {  
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, null);
        Store store = session.getStore(&quot;pop3&quot;);//create store instance  
        store.connect(&quot;pop3.domain.it&quot;, &quot;mail.it&quot;, &quot;*****&quot;);  
        Folder inbox = store.getFolder(&quot;inbox&quot;);  
        FlagTerm ft = new FlagTerm(new Flags(Flags.Flag.SEEN), false);
        inbox.open(Folder.READ_ONLY);//set access type of Inbox  
        Message messages[] = inbox.search(ft);
        String mail,sub,bodyText=&quot;&quot;;
        Object body;
        for(Message message:messages) {
            mail = message.getFrom()[0].toString();
            sub = message.getSubject();
            body = message.getContent();
            //bodyText = body.....
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        System.out.println(e);    
    }

 I know that the method `getContent()` returns an object cause the content could be a `String`, a `MimeMultiPart`, a `SharedByteArrayInputstream` and other ( i think )... Is there a way to get always the text inside body of message? Thanks!! 

How to read text inside body of mail using javax.mail

I&#39;m developing a Linux application that has its own file format. I want my app to open when you double-click on those files.

How can I register a file extension and associate it with my application on Linux? I&#39;m looking for a way that is standard (works with GNOME and KDE based systems) and can be done automatic when my program is installed or run for the first time.



Register file extensions / mime types in Linux

This is an example raw email I am trying to parse:

    MIME-version: 1.0
    Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
    Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable
    X-Mailer: Verizon Webmail
    X-Originating-IP: [x.x.x.x]
    
    =C2=A0test testing testing 123

What is =C2=A0?  I have tried a half dozen quoted-printable parsers, but none handle this correctly.  **How would one properly parse this in C#?**

Honestly, for now, I&#39;m coding:

    //TODO WTF
    encoded = encoded.Replace(&quot;=C2=A0&quot;, &quot;&quot;);

Because I can&#39;t figure out why that text is there randomly within the MIME content, and isn&#39;t supposed to be rendered into anything.  By just removing it, I&#39;m getting the desired effect - but WHY?!

To be clear, I know that (=[0-9A-F]{2}) is an encoded character.  But in this case, it seemingly represents NOTHING.

What is &quot;=C2=A0&quot; in MIME encoded, quoted-printable text?

When working with PDFs, I&#39;ve run across the MIME types `application/pdf` and `application/x-pdf` among others. 

Is there a difference between these two types, and if so what is it? Is one preferred over the other?

I&#39;m working on a web app which must deliver huge amounts of PDFs and I want to do it the correct way, if there is one.

All Mime Solutions on Gang of Coders

Total of 28 Mime Solutions