You could try to force the browser to open a &quot;Save As...&quot; dialog by doing something like:

    header(&#39;Content-type: text/csv&#39;);
    header(&#39;Content-disposition: attachment;filename=MyVerySpecial.csv&#39;);
    echo &quot;cell 1, cell 2&quot;;

Which should work across most major browsers.

You are not specifying a language or framework, but the following header is used for file downloads:

    &quot;Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=abc.csv&quot;



With Internet Explorer you often have to specify the Pragma: public header as well for the download to function properly..

    header(&#39;Pragma: public&#39;);

Just my 2 cents..

This code can be used to export any file, including csv

    // application/octet-stream tells the browser not to try to interpret the file
    header(&#39;Content-type: application/octet-stream&#39;);
    header(&#39;Content-Length: &#39; . filesize($data));
    header(&#39;Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=&quot;export.csv&quot;&#39;);



If you are motivate to the &quot;pros&quot; of an ORM and why would you use an ORM to management/client, what are those reasons would be?

Try and keep one reason per answer so that we can see which one gets voted up as the best reason.

Why should you use an ORM?

Or more generally, how do I remove an item from a colon-separated list in a Bash environment variable?

I thought I had seen a simple way to do this years ago, using the more advanced forms of Bash variable expansion, but if so I&#39;ve lost track of it.  A quick search of Google turned up surprisingly few relevant results and none that I would call &quot;simple&quot; or &quot;elegant&quot;.  For example, two methods using sed and awk, respectively:

    PATH=$(echo $PATH | sed -e &#39;s;:\?/home/user/bin;;&#39; -e &#39;s;/home/user/bin:\?;;&#39;)
    PATH=!(awk -F: &#39;{for(i=1;i&lt;=NF;i++){if(!($i in a)){a[$i];printf s$i;s=&quot;:&quot;}}}&#39;&lt;&lt;&lt;$PATH)

Does nothing straightforward exist?  Is there anything analogous to a split() function in Bash?

**Update:**&lt;br/&gt;
It looks like I need to apologize for my intentionally-vague question; I was less interested in solving a specific use-case than in provoking good discussion.  Fortunately, I got it!

There are some very clever techniques here.  In the end, I&#39;ve added the following three functions to my toolbox.  The magic happens in path_remove, which is based largely on &lt;a href=&quot;#370192&quot;&gt;Martin York&#39;s clever use of `awk`&#39;s RS variable&lt;/a&gt;.

    path_append ()  { path_remove $1; export PATH=&quot;$PATH:$1&quot;; }
    path_prepend () { path_remove $1; export PATH=&quot;$1:$PATH&quot;; }
    path_remove ()  { export PATH=`echo -n $PATH | awk -v RS=: -v ORS=: &#39;$0 != &quot;&#39;$1&#39;&quot;&#39; | sed &#39;s/:$//&#39;`; }

The only real cruft in there is the use of `sed` to remove the trailing colon.  Considering how straightforward the rest of Martin&#39;s solution is, though, I&#39;m quite willing to live with it!

----------
Related question: &lt;A href=&quot;https://stackoverflow.com/questions/273909/how-do-i-manipulate-path-elements-in-shell-scripts&quot;&gt;https://stackoverflow.com/questions/273909/how-do-i-manipulate-path-elements-in-shell-scripts&lt;/A&gt;

What is the most elegant way to remove a path from the $PATH variable in Bash?

In a web application I am working on, the user can click on a link to a CSV file.  There is no header set for the mime-type, so the browser just renders it as text.  I would like for this file to be sent as a .csv file, so the user can directly open it with calc, excel, gnumeric, etc.  

    header(&#39;Content-Type: text/csv&#39;);
    echo &quot;cell 1, cell 2&quot;;

This code works as expected on my computer (Isn&#39;t that how it always is?) but does not work on another computer.

My browser is a nightly build of FF 3.0.1 (on linux).  The browsers it did not work in were IE 7 and FF 3.0 (on windows)

Are there any quirks I am unaware of?

How to use the CSV MIME-type?

In a web application I am working on, the user can click on a link to a CSV file. There is no header set for the mime-type, so the browser just renders it as text. I would like for this file to be sent as a .csv file, so the user can directly open it with calc, excel, gnumeric, etc.
<pre><code class="hljs language-bash">header('Content-Type: text/csv');
echo "cell 1, cell 2";
</code></pre>
This code works as expected on my computer (Isn't that how it always is?) but does not work on another computer.
My browser is a nightly build of FF 3.0.1 (on linux). The browsers it did not work in were IE 7 and FF 3.0 (on windows)
Are there any quirks I am unaware of?

I&#39;m looking for the name of the PHP function to build a query string from an array of key value pairs. Please note, I am looking for *the built in PHP* function to do this, not a homebrew one (that&#39;s all a google search seems to return). There is one, I just can&#39;t remember its name or find it on php.net. IIRC its name isn&#39;t that intuitive.


PHP function to build query string from array

It is currently said that MD5 is partially unsafe. Taking this into consideration, I&#39;d like to know which mechanism to use for password protection.

This question, [Is “double hashing” a password less secure than just hashing it once?][1] 
suggests that hashing multiple times may be a good idea, whereas [How to implement password protection for individual files?][2] suggests using salt.

I&#39;m using PHP. I want a safe and fast password encryption system. Hashing a password a million times may be safer, but also slower. How to achieve a good balance between speed and safety? Also, I&#39;d prefer the result to have a constant number of characters.

 1. The hashing mechanism must be available in PHP
 2. It must be safe
 3. It can use salt (in this case, are all salts equally good? Is there any way to generate good salts?)

Also, should I store two fields in the database (one using MD5 and another one using SHA, for example)? Would it make it safer or unsafer?

In case I wasn&#39;t clear enough, I want to know which hashing function(s) to use and how to pick a good salt in order to have a safe and fast password protection mechanism.

*Related questions that don&#39;t quite cover my question:*

[What&#39;s the difference between SHA and MD5 in PHP][3]&lt;br&gt;
[Simple Password Encryption][4]&lt;br&gt;
[Secure methods of storing keys, passwords for asp.net][5]&lt;br&gt;
[How would you implement salted passwords in Tomcat 5.5][6]

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/348109/is-double-hashing-a-password-less-secure-than-just-hashing-it-once
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55862/how-to-implement-password-protection-for-individual-files#55904
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/157998/whats-the-difference-between-sha-and-md5-in-php
  [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30946/simple-password-encryption
  [5]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/198803/secure-methods-of-storing-keys-passwords-for-asp-net
  [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/205153/how-would-you-implement-salted-passwords-in-tomcat-5-5

Secure hash and salt for PHP passwords

In using PHP&#39;s DOM classes (DOMNode, DOMEElement, etc) I have noticed that they possess truly readonly properties. For example, I can read the $nodeName property of a DOMNode, but I cannot write to it (if I do PHP throws a fatal error).

How can I create readonly properties of my own in PHP?

PHP Readonly Properties?

I am using a simple regex to replace break tags with newlines:

    br_regex = /&lt;br&gt;/;
    input_content = input_content.replace(br_regex, &quot;\n&quot;);

This only replaces the first instance of a break tag, but I need to replace all. `preg_match_all()` would do the trick in PHP, but I&#39;d like to know the JavaScript equivalent.

JavaScript equivalent of PHP&#39;s preg_replace

I&#39;m looking for a fast way to turn an associative array in to a string. Typical structure would be like a URL query string but with customizable separators so I can use &#39;`&amp;amp;`&#39; for xhtml links or &#39;`&amp;`&#39; otherwise.

My first inclination is to use `foreach` but since my method could be called many times in one request I fear it might be too slow.

    &lt;?php
    $Amp = $IsXhtml ? &#39;&amp;amp;&#39; : &#39;&amp;&#39;;
    $Parameters = array(&#39;Action&#39; =&gt; &#39;ShowList&#39;, &#39;Page&#39; =&gt; &#39;2&#39;);
    $QueryString = &#39;&#39;;
    foreach ($Parameters as $Key =&gt; $Value)
            $QueryString .= $Amp . $Key . &#39;=&#39; . $Value;

Is there a faster way?

Fastest way to implode an associative array with keys

Pretty self-explanatory, I tried google and got a lot of the dreaded expertsexchange, I searched here as well to no avail. An online tutorial or example would be best. Thanks guys.

How can I read and manipulate CSV file data in C++?

I can quite easily dump data into a text file such as:

    sqlcmd -S myServer -d myDB -E -Q &quot;select col1, col2, col3 from SomeTable&quot; 
         -o &quot;MyData.txt&quot;

However, I have looked at the help files for `SQLCMD` but have not seen an option specifically for CSV. 

Is there a way to dump data from a table into a CSV text file using `SQLCMD`?

How to export data as CSV format from SQL Server using sqlcmd?

When I&#39;m moving through a file with a csv.reader, how do I return to the top of the file.   If I were doing it with a normal file I could just do something like &quot;file.seek(0)&quot;.  Is there anything like that for the csv module?

Thanks ahead of time ;)

Python csv.reader: How do I return to the top of the file?

I&#39;d like to avoid mysqldump since that outputs in a form that is only convenient for mysql to read.  CSV seems more universal (one file per table is fine).  But if there are advantages to mysqldump, I&#39;m all ears.  Also, I&#39;d like something I can run from the command line (linux).  If that&#39;s a mysql script, pointers to how to make such a thing would be helpful.


Dump a mysql database to a plaintext (CSV) backup from the command line

For coding reasons which would horrify you (I&#39;m too embarrassed to say), I need to store a number of text items in a single string.

I will delimit them using a character.

Which character is best to use for this, i.e. which character is the least likely to appear in the text? Must be printable and probably less than 128 in ASCII to avoid locale issues.

Least used delimiter character in normal text &lt; ASCII 128

I&#39;m teaching myself some basic scraping and I&#39;ve found that sometimes the URL&#39;s that I feed into my code return 404, which gums up all the rest of my code.

So I need a test at the top of the code to check if the URL returns 404 or not.

This would seem like a pretty straightfoward task, but Google&#39;s not giving me any answers.  I worry I&#39;m searching for the wrong stuff.

One blog recommended I use this:

    $valid = @fsockopen($url, 80, $errno, $errstr, 30);
 
and then test to see if $valid if empty or not.

But I think the URL that&#39;s giving me problems has a redirect on it, so $valid is coming up empty for all values.  Or perhaps I&#39;m doing something else wrong.

I&#39;ve also looked into a &quot;head request&quot; but I&#39;ve yet to find any actual code examples I can play with or try out. 

Suggestions?  And what&#39;s this about curl?

Easy way to test a URL for 404 in PHP?

What is the **correct** way to log out of HTTP authentication protected folder?

There are workarounds that can achieve this, but they are potentially dangerous because they can be buggy or don&#39;t work in certain situations / browsers. That is why I am looking for correct and clean solution.



HTTP authentication logout via PHP

I understand it&#39;s a standard practice to look at both these variables. Of course they can easily be spoofed. I&#39;m curious how often can you expect these values (especially the `HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR`) to contain genuine information and not just be scrambled or have their values stripped away?

Anyone with the experience or statistics on this stuff?

Is there anything else that can be useful for the task of getting the client&#39;s IP address?

How can I get the clients IP address from HTTP headers?

How should I read any header in PHP?

For example the custom header: `X-Requested-With`.

How do I read any request header in PHP

If you were going to store a user agent in a database, how large would you accomdate for?

I found this [technet article][1] which recommends keeping UA under 200. It doesn&#39;t look like this is defined in the HTTP specification at least not that I found. My UA is already 149 characters, and it seems like each version of .NET will be adding to it.

I know I can parse the string out and break it down but I&#39;d rather not.


**********  
**EDIT**  
Based on this [Blog][2] IE9 will be changing to send the short UA string. This is a good change.


  [1]: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb496341.aspx
  [2]: http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2010/03/23/introducing-ie9-s-user-agent-string.aspx


**********


How big can a user agent string get?

I&#39;ve been playing around with the email module in python but I want to be able to know how to embed images which are included in the html.

So for example if the body is something like

    &lt;img src=&quot;../path/image.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/img&gt;

I would like to embed *image.png* into the email, and the `src` attribute should be replaced with `content-id`. Does anybody know how to do this?

Sending Multipart html emails which contain embedded images

MS Excel has the following observed MIME types:

 - `application/vnd.ms-excel` (official)
 - `application/msexcel`
 - `application/x-msexcel`
 - `application/x-ms-excel`
 - `application/x-excel`
 - `application/x-dos_ms_excel`
 - `application/xls`
 - `application/x-xls`
 - `application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet` (xlsx)

Is there any one type that would work for all versions? If not, do we need to set `response.setContentType()` with each one of these mime types individually?

Also, we use file streaming in our application to display document (not just excel - any type of document). In doing so, how can we retain the filename if the user opts to save the file - currently, the name of the servlet that renders the file appears as the default name.

Setting mime type for excel document

How can I get the MIME type from a file extension?

Get MIME type from filename extension

I have a page that allows the user to download a dynamically-generated file. It takes a long time to generate, so I&#39;d like to show a &quot;waiting&quot; indicator. The problem is, I can&#39;t figure out how to detect when the browser has received the file so that I can hide the indicator.

I&#39;m requesting a hidden form, which [POSTs][1] to the server, and targets a hidden iframe for its results. This is, so I don&#39;t replace the entire browser window with the result. I listen for a &quot;load&quot; event on the iframe, hoping that it will fire when the download is complete.

I return a &quot;`Content-Disposition: attachment`&quot; header with the file, which causes the browser to show the &quot;Save&quot; dialog. But the browser doesn&#39;t fire a &quot;load&quot; event in the iframe.

One approach I tried is using a `multi-part` response. So it would send an empty HTML file, as well as the attached downloadable file.

For example:

    Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=&quot;abcde&quot;

    --abcde
    Content-type: text/html

    --abcde
    Content-type: application/vnd.fdf
    Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=foo.fdf

    file-content
    --abcde

This works in Firefox; it receives the empty HTML file, fires the *&quot;load&quot;* event, and then shows the *&quot;Save&quot;* dialog for the downloadable file. But it fails on [Internet&amp;nbsp;Explorer][2] and [Safari][3]; Internet&amp;nbsp;Explorer fires the &quot;load&quot; event, but it doesn&#39;t download the file, and *Safari downloads* the file (with the wrong name and content-type) and doesn&#39;t fire the *&quot;load&quot;* event.

A different approach might be to call to start the file creation, poll the server until it&#39;s ready, and then download the already-created file. But I&#39;d rather avoid creating temporary files on the server.

What should I do?

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POST_%28HTTP%29
  [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer
  [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_%28web_browser%29




Detect when a browser receives a file download

Do I have to specify a MIME type if the uploaded file has no extension?
In other words is there a default general MIME type?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	theman_on_vista	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Php	Sean Bright	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Php	gimel	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Php	4levels	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Php	Yuri Korolov	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to use the CSV MIME-type?

Php Problem Overview

Php Solutions

Solution 1 - Php

Solution 2 - Php

Solution 3 - Php

Solution 4 - Php

What is the most elegant way to remove a path from the $PATH variable in Bash?

Why should you use an ORM?

Attributions