You can use `application/octet-stream` for unknown types.

[RFC 2046][1] states in section 4.5.1:

&gt; The &quot;octet-stream&quot; subtype is used to
&gt; indicate that a body contains
&gt; arbitrary binary data.

[1]: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt

### RFC resources:
We should use RFC-7231 (HTTP/1.1 Semantics and Content) as reference instead of RFC-2046 (Media Types) because question was clearly about HTTP Content-Type.

Also RFC-2046 does not clearly define unknown types but RFC-7231 does.

### Short answer:

Do not send MIME type for unknown data.&lt;br/&gt;
To be more clear: Do not use Content-Type header at all.

### References:

&gt; RFC-7231&lt;br/&gt;Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content&lt;br/&gt;[3.1.1.5.  Content-Type](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-3.1.1.5)
&gt; 
&gt; A sender that generates a message containing a payload body SHOULD   
&gt; generate a Content-Type header field in that message unless the   
&gt; intended media type of the enclosed representation is unknown to the  
&gt; sender.

That section clearly tells you to leave it out if you don&#39;t know it for sure.
It also tells that receiver could assume that type is application/octet-stream but thing is that it might also be something else.

### What&#39;s different then?

&gt; RFC-2046&lt;br/&gt;[4.5.1. Octet-Stream Subtype](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046#section-4.5.1)
&gt; 
&gt; The recommended action for an implementation that receives an   
&gt; &quot;application/octet-stream&quot; entity is to simply offer to put the data  
&gt; in a file, with any Content-Transfer-Encoding undone, or perhaps to   
&gt; use it as input to a user-specified process.

And, as already stated above:

&gt; RFC-7231&lt;br/&gt;[3.1.1.5.  Content-Type](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-3.1.1.5)
&gt; 
&gt; If a Content-Type header field is not present, the recipient 
&gt; MAY either assume a media type of &quot;application/octet-stream&quot;   
&gt; ([RFC2046], Section 4.5.1) or examine the data to determine its type.

### Conclusion:

If you define it as &quot;application/octet-stream&quot; then you are telling that you know that it is &quot;application/octet-stream&quot;.

If you don&#39;t define it then you are telling that you don&#39;t know what it is and leave decision to receiver and receiver could then check if it walks like duck and...



I prefer `application/unknown`, but result will be surely the same as `application/octet-stream`

I&#39;m using python&#39;s `ftplib` to write a small FTP client, but some of the functions in the package don&#39;t return string output, but print to `stdout`. I want to redirect `stdout` to an object which I&#39;ll be able to read the output from.

I know `stdout` can be redirected into any regular file with:

    stdout = open(&quot;file&quot;, &quot;a&quot;)

But I prefer a method that doesn&#39;t uses the local drive.

I&#39;m looking for something like the `BufferedReader` in Java that can be used to wrap a buffer into a stream.

Can I redirect the stdout into some sort of string buffer?

How do you pause an R script for a specified number of seconds or miliseconds? In many languages, there is a `sleep` function, but `?sleep` references a data set. And `?pause` and `?wait` don&#39;t exist.

The intended purpose is for self-timed animations. The desired solution works without asking for user input.

How to make execution pause, sleep, wait for X seconds in R?

Do I have to specify a MIME type if the uploaded file has no extension?
In other words is there a default general MIME type?

Unknown file type MIME?

<p>Do I have to specify a MIME type if the uploaded file has no extension?
In other words is there a default general MIME type?</p>


I want to get a MIME Content-Type from a given extension (preferably without accessing the physical file). I have seen some questions about this and the methods described to perform this can be resumed in:

 1. Use [registry information][1].
 2. Use [urlmon.dll&#39;s FindMimeFromData][2].
 3. Use [IIS information][3].
 4. Roll your own MIME mapping function. Based on [this table][4], for example.

I&#39;ve been using no.1 for some time but I realized that the information provided by the registry is not consistent and depends on the software installed on the machine. Some extensions, like .zip don&#39;t use to have a Content-Type specified.

Solution no.2 forces me to have the file on disk in order to read the first bytes, which is something slow but may get good results.

The third method is based on Directory Services and all that stuff, which is something I don&#39;t like much because I have to add COM references and I&#39;m not sure it&#39;s consistent between IIS6 and IIS7. Also, I don&#39;t know the performance of this method.

Finally, I didn&#39;t want to use my own table but at the end seems the best option if I want a decent performance and consistency of the results between platforms (even Mono).

Do you think there&#39;s a better option than using my own table or one of other described methods are better? What&#39;s your experience?

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1029740/get-a-mime-from-an-extention/1029796#1029796
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58510/in-c-how-can-you-find-the-mime-type-of-a-file-based-on-the-file-signature-not-th/58570#58570
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/174888/asp-net-iis6-how-to-search-the-servers-mime-map/174988#174988
  [4]: http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types

File extensions and MIME Types in .NET

Is there a way to find out the MIME type (or is it called &quot;Content-Type&quot;?) of a file in a Linux bash script?

The reason I need it is because ImageShack appears to need it to upload a file, as for some reason it detects the .png file as an `application/octet-stream` file.
 
I’ve checked the file, and it really is a PNG image:
    
    $ cat /1.png 
    ?PNG
    (with a heap load of random characters)

This gives me the error:

    $ curl -F &quot;fileupload=@/1.png&quot; http://www.imageshack.us/upload_api.php
    &lt;links&gt;
    &lt;error id=&quot;wrong_file_type&quot;&gt;Wrong file type detected for file 1.png:application/octet-stream&lt;/error&gt;
    &lt;/links&gt;


This works, but I need to specify a MIME-TYPE.

    $ curl -F &quot;fileupload=@/1.png;type=image/png&quot; http://www.imageshack.us/upload_api.php

How can I find out a file&#39;s MIME type (Content-Type)?

This is an example raw email I am trying to parse:

    MIME-version: 1.0
    Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
    Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable
    X-Mailer: Verizon Webmail
    X-Originating-IP: [x.x.x.x]
    
    =C2=A0test testing testing 123

What is =C2=A0?  I have tried a half dozen quoted-printable parsers, but none handle this correctly.  **How would one properly parse this in C#?**

Honestly, for now, I&#39;m coding:

    //TODO WTF
    encoded = encoded.Replace(&quot;=C2=A0&quot;, &quot;&quot;);

Because I can&#39;t figure out why that text is there randomly within the MIME content, and isn&#39;t supposed to be rendered into anything.  By just removing it, I&#39;m getting the desired effect - but WHY?!

To be clear, I know that (=[0-9A-F]{2}) is an encoded character.  But in this case, it seemingly represents NOTHING.

What is &quot;=C2=A0&quot; in MIME encoded, quoted-printable text?

Searching the web, I find heaps of different suggestions for what the proper MIME type for a font is, but I have yet to try any MIME type that rids me of a Chrome warning such as the following:

&gt; Resource interpreted as font but transferred with MIME type font/otf

The font is an OTF.

I&#39;ve tried the following MIME types so far

* font/otf
* application/font-otf
* application/font
* application/otf
* application/octet-stream
* application/x-font-otf
* application/x-font-TrueType (I know it&#39;s not truetype, but one source quoted this for OTF)

Proper MIME type for OTF fonts

Just ran my site in chrome and suprisingly it comes up with this warning for each of my .png images:

    Resource interpreted as image but transferred with MIME type application/octet-stream.

Anyone seen this before?

Regards

MIME type warning in chrome for png images

I have a web app where the user needs to upload a .zip file.  On the server-side, I am checking the mime type of the uploaded file, to make sure it is `application/x-zip-compressed` or `application/zip`.

This worked fine for me on Firefox and IE.  However, when a coworker tested it, it failed for him on Firefox (sent mime type was something like &quot;`application/octet-stream`&quot;) but worked on Internet Explorer.  Our setups seem to be identical: IE8, FF 3.5.1 with all add-ons disabled, Win XP SP3, WinRAR installed as native .zip file handler (not sure if that&#39;s relevant).

So my question is: **How does the browser determine what mime type to send?**

&lt;i&gt;Please note: I know that the mime type is sent by the browser and, therefore, unreliable.  I am just checking it as a convenience--mainly to give a more friendly error message than the ones you get by trying to open a non-zip file as a zip file, and to avoid loading the (presumably heavy) zip file libraries.&lt;/i&gt;

How is mime type of an uploaded file determined by browser?

Is there a way to use `intent.setType()` and supply multiple broad types (like images *and* video)?

I am using an `ACTION_GET_CONTENT`. It seems to be working with just comma-separated types.

Multiple MIME types in Android

Is there a resource that lists ALL the mimeTypes in existence?

I have found a few places with under 1000 mimeTypes, but then they still don&#39;t include common ones like .rar, .fla, .rb, .docx!

Does anyone have a COMPLETE list of mimetypes?  Not down to the most obsure &quot;company-only&quot; ones, but at least all of the ones we might use.

Also, I&#39;m looking for a list that maps file extensions to mimeTypes.

List of ALL MimeTypes on the Planet, mapped to File Extensions?

What is the difference between &quot;image/png&quot; and &quot;image/x-png&quot;?

I see some code will return the default value, so I am wondering for a user defined class, how will the compiler define its default value?


Default value for user defined class in C#

Both of these generate an error saying they must be a compile-time constant:

    void Foo(TimeSpan span = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2.0))
    void Foo(TimeSpan span = new TimeSpan(2000))

First of all, can someone explain why these values can&#39;t be determined at compile time? And is there a way to specify a default value for an optional TimeSpan object?

C# 4.0: Can I use a TimeSpan as an optional parameter with a default value?

I&#39;ve run into another problem using C# 4.0 with optional parameters.

How do I invoke a function (or rather a constructor, I have the `ConstructorInfo` object) for which I know it doesn&#39;t require any parameters?

Here is the code I use now:

    type.GetParameterlessConstructor()
        .Invoke(BindingFlags.OptionalParamBinding | 
                BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | 
                BindingFlags.CreateInstance, 
                null, 
                new object[0], 
                CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

(I&#39;ve just tried with different `BindingFlags`).

`GetParameterlessConstructor` is a custom extension method I wrote for `Type`.

Invoking methods with optional parameters through reflection

&gt; **Possible Duplicates:**  
&gt; [Optional arguments in Objective-C 2.0?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/561185/optional-arguments-in-objective-c-2-0)  
&gt; [Objective-C Default Argument Value](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/871796/objective-c-default-argument-value)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

I&#39;m writing a C function in Objective-C. I want a *default value* for my last parameter. 

I&#39;ve tried:

    foo(int a, int b, int c = 0);

but that&#39;s C++.

I&#39;ve also tried:

    foo(int a, int b, int c)
    {
        ...
    }
    
    foo(int a, int b)
    {
       foo(a, b, 0);
    }

But that&#39;s *also* C++. 

Is there a way to do this in Objective-C instead?



Objective-C function with default parameters?

So I know how to override the default getters for attributes of an ActiveRecord object using

    def custom_getter
      return self[:custom_getter] || some_default_value
    end

I&#39;m trying to achieve the same thing however for a belongs to association.  For instance.

    class Foo &lt; AR
      belongs_to :bar

      def bar
        return self[:bar] || Bar.last
      end
    end
    
    class Bar &lt; AR
      has_one :foo
    end

When I say:

    f = Foo.last

I&#39;d like to have the method `f.bar` return the last Bar, rather than nil if that association doesn&#39;t exist yet.

This doesn&#39;t work however.  The reason is that self[:bar] is always undefined.  It&#39;s actually self[:bar_id].

I can do something naive like:

    def bar
      if self[:bar_id]
        return Bar.find(self[:bar_id])
      else
        return Bar.last
      end
    end

However this will always make a db call, even if Bar has already been fetched, which is certainly not ideal.

Does anyone have an insight as to how I might have a relationship such that the belongs_to attribute is only loaded once and has a default value if not set.


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Shimmy Weitzhandler	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Mime	Bombe	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Mime	Sampo Sarrala - codidact.org	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Mime	Lada	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Unknown file type MIME?

Mime Problem Overview

Mime Solutions

Solution 1 - Mime

Solution 2 - Mime

RFC resources:

Short answer:

References:

What's different then?

Conclusion:

Solution 3 - Mime

How to make execution pause, sleep, wait for X seconds in R?

Can I redirect the stdout into some sort of string buffer?

Attributions