What is the difference between String and string in C#?

Example (note the case):

string s = "Hello world!";
String s = "Hello world!";

What are the guidelines for the use of each? And what are the differences?

string is an alias in C# for System.String.
So technically, there is no difference. It's like int vs. System.Int32.

As far as guidelines, it's generally recommended to use string any time you're referring to an object.

e.g.

string place = "world";

Likewise, I think it's generally recommended to use String if you need to refer specifically to the class.

e.g.

string greet = String.Format("Hello {0}!", place);

This is the style that Microsoft tends to use in their examples.

It appears that the guidance in this area may have changed, as StyleCop now enforces the use of the C# specific aliases.

Just for the sake of completeness, here's a brain dump of related information...

As others have noted, string is an alias for System.String. Assuming your code using String compiles to System.String (i.e. you haven't got a using directive for some other namespace with a different String type), they compile to the same code, so at execution time there is no difference whatsoever. This is just one of the aliases in C#. The complete list is:

object:  System.Object
string:  System.String
bool:    System.Boolean
byte:    System.Byte
sbyte:   System.SByte
short:   System.Int16
ushort:  System.UInt16
int:     System.Int32
uint:    System.UInt32
long:    System.Int64
ulong:   System.UInt64
float:   System.Single
double:  System.Double
decimal: System.Decimal
char:    System.Char

Apart from string and object, the aliases are all to value types. decimal is a value type, but not a primitive type in the CLR. The only primitive type which doesn't have an alias is System.IntPtr.

In the spec, the value type aliases are known as "simple types". Literals can be used for constant values of every simple type; no other value types have literal forms available. (Compare this with VB, which allows DateTime literals, and has an alias for it too.)

There is one circumstance in which you have to use the aliases: when explicitly specifying an enum's underlying type. For instance:

public enum Foo : UInt32 {} // Invalid
public enum Bar : uint   {} // Valid

That's just a matter of the way the spec defines enum declarations - the part after the colon has to be the integral-type production, which is one token of sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char... as opposed to a type production as used by variable declarations for example. It doesn't indicate any other difference.

Finally, when it comes to which to use: personally I use the aliases everywhere for the implementation, but the CLR type for any APIs. It really doesn't matter too much which you use in terms of implementation - consistency among your team is nice, but no-one else is going to care. On the other hand, it's genuinely important that if you refer to a type in an API, you do so in a language-neutral way. A method called ReadInt32 is unambiguous, whereas a method called ReadInt requires interpretation. The caller could be using a language that defines an int alias for Int16, for example. The .NET framework designers have followed this pattern, good examples being in the BitConverter, BinaryReader and Convert classes.

String stands for System.String and it is a .NET Framework type. string is an alias in the C# language for System.String. Both of them are compiled to System.String in IL (Intermediate Language), so there is no difference. Choose what you like and use that. If you code in C#, I'd prefer string as it's a C# type alias and well-known by C# programmers.

I can say the same about (int, System.Int32) etc..

The best answer I have ever heard about using the provided type aliases in C# comes from Jeffrey Richter in his book CLR Via C#. Here are his 3 reasons:

> - I've seen a number of developers confused, not knowing whether to use string or String in their code. Because in C# the string (a keyword) maps exactly to System.String (an FCL type), there is no difference and either can be used.

• In C#, long maps to System.Int64, but in a different programming language, long could map to an Int16 or Int32. In fact, C++/CLI does in fact treat long as an Int32. Someone reading source code in one language could easily misinterpret the code's intention if he or she were used to programming in a different programming language. In fact, most languages won't even treat long as a keyword and won't compile code that uses it.

• The FCL has many methods that have type names as part of their method names. For example, the BinaryReader type offers methods such as ReadBoolean, ReadInt32, ReadSingle, and so on, and the System.Convert type offers methods such as ToBoolean, ToInt32, ToSingle, and so on. Although it's legal to write the following code, the line with float feels very unnatural to me, and it's not obvious that the line is correct:

  BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(...); float val = br.ReadSingle(); // OK, but feels unnatural Single val = br.ReadSingle(); // OK and feels good

So there you have it. I think these are all really good points. I however, don't find myself using Jeffrey's advice in my own code. Maybe I am too stuck in my C# world but I end up trying to make my code look like the framework code.

string is a reserved word, but String is just a class name. This means that string cannot be used as a variable name by itself.

If for some reason you wanted a variable called string, you'd see only the first of these compiles:

StringBuilder String = new StringBuilder();  // compiles
StringBuilder string = new StringBuilder();  // doesn't compile 

If you really want a variable name called string you can use @ as a prefix:

StringBuilder @string = new StringBuilder();

Another critical difference: Stack Overflow highlights them differently.

There is one difference - you can't use String without using System; beforehand.

It's been covered above; however, you can't use string in reflection; you must use String.

System.String is the .NET string class - in C# string is an alias for System.String - so in use they are the same.

As for guidelines I wouldn't get too bogged down and just use whichever you feel like - there are more important things in life and the code is going to be the same anyway.

If you find yourselves building systems where it is necessary to specify the size of the integers you are using and so tend to use Int16, Int32, UInt16, UInt32 etc. then it might look more natural to use String - and when moving around between different .net languages it might make things more understandable - otherwise I would use string and int.

I prefer the capitalized .NET types (rather than the aliases) for formatting reasons. The .NET types are colored the same as other object types (the value types are proper objects, after all).

Conditional and control keywords (like if, switch, and return) are lowercase and colored dark blue (by default). And I would rather not have the disagreement in use and format.

Consider:

String someString; 
string anotherString; 

string and String are identical in all ways (except the uppercase "S"). There are no performance implications either way.

Lowercase string is preferred in most projects due to the syntax highlighting

This YouTube video demonstrates practically how they differ.

But now for a long textual answer.

When we talk about .NET there are two different things one there is .NET framework and the other there are languages (C#, VB.NET etc) which use that framework.

"System.String" a.k.a "String" (capital "S") is a .NET framework data type while "string" is a C# data type.

In short "String" is an alias (the same thing called with different names) of "string". So technically both the below code statements will give the same output.

String s = "I am String";

or

string s = "I am String";

In the same way, there are aliases for other C# data types as shown below:

object: System.Object, string: System.String, bool: System.Boolean, byte: System.Byte, sbyte: System.SByte, short: System.Int16 and so on.

Now the million-dollar question from programmer's point of view: So when to use "String" and "string"?

The first thing to avoid confusion use one of them consistently. But from best practices perspective when you do variable declaration it's good to use "string" (small "s") and when you are using it as a class name then "String" (capital "S") is preferred.

In the below code the left-hand side is a variable declaration and it is declared using "string". On the right-hand side, we are calling a method so "String" is more sensible.

string s = String.ToUpper() ;

C# is a language which is used together with the CLR.

string is a type in C#.

System.String is a type in the CLR.

When you use C# together with the CLR string will be mapped to System.String.

Theoretically, you could implement a C#-compiler that generated Java bytecode. A sensible implementation of this compiler would probably map string to java.lang.String in order to interoperate with the Java runtime library.

Lower case string is an alias for System.String. They are the same in C#.

There's a debate over whether you should use the System types (System.Int32, System.String, etc.) types or the C# aliases (int, string, etc). I personally believe you should use the C# aliases, but that's just my personal preference.

string is just an alias for System.String. The compiler will treat them identically.

The only practical difference is the syntax highlighting as you mention, and that you have to write using System if you use String.

Both are same. But from coding guidelines perspective it's better to use string instead of String. This is what generally developers use. e.g. instead of using Int32 we use int as int is alias to Int32

FYI “The keyword string is simply an alias for the predefined class System.String.” - C# Language Specification 4.2.3 http://msdn2.microsoft.com/En-US/library/aa691153.aspx

As the others are saying, they're the same. StyleCop rules, by default, will enforce you to use string as a C# code style best practice, except when referencing System.String static functions, such as String.Format, String.Join, String.Concat, etc...

New answer after 6 years and 5 months (procrastination).

While string is a reserved C# keyword that always has a fixed meaning, String is just an ordinary identifier which could refer to anything. Depending on members of the current type, the current namespace and the applied using directives and their placement, String could be a value or a type distinct from global::System.String.

I shall provide two examples where using directives will not help.

---

First, when String is a value of the current type (or a local variable):

class MySequence<TElement>
{
  public IEnumerable<TElement> String { get; set; }

  void Example()
  {
    var test = String.Format("Hello {0}.", DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek);
  }
}

The above will not compile because IEnumerable<> does not have a non-static member called Format, and no extension methods apply. In the above case, it may still be possible to use String in other contexts where a type is the only possibility syntactically. For example String local = "Hi mum!"; could be OK (depending on namespace and using directives).

Worse: Saying String.Concat(someSequence) will likely (depending on usings) go to the Linq extension method Enumerable.Concat. It will not go to the static method string.Concat.

---

Secondly, when String is another type, nested inside the current type:

class MyPiano
{
  protected class String
  {
  }

  void Example()
  {
    var test1 = String.Format("Hello {0}.", DateTime.Today.DayOfWeek);
    String test2 = "Goodbye";
  }
}

Neither statement in the Example method compiles. Here String is always a piano string, MyPiano.String. No member (static or not) Format exists on it (or is inherited from its base class). And the value "Goodbye" cannot be converted into it.

Using System types makes it easier to port between C# and VB.Net, if you are into that sort of thing.

Against what seems to be common practice among other programmers, I prefer String over string, just to highlight the fact that String is a reference type, as Jon Skeet mentioned.

string is an alias (or shorthand) of System.String. That means, by typing string we meant System.String. You can read more in think link: 'string' is an alias/shorthand of System.String.

I'd just like to add this to lfousts answer, from Ritchers book:

> The C# language specification states, “As a matter of style, use of the keyword is favored over use of the complete system type name.” I disagree with the language specification; I prefer to use the FCL type names and completely avoid the primitive type names. In fact, I wish that compilers didn’t even offer the primitive type names and forced developers to use the FCL type names instead. Here are my reasons:

> - I’ve seen a number of developers confused, not knowing whether to use string or String in their code. Because in C# string (a keyword) maps exactly to System.String (an FCL type), there is no difference and either can be used. Similarly, I’ve heard some developers say that int represents a 32-bit integer when the application is running on a 32-bit OS and that it represents a 64-bit integer when the application is running on a 64-bit OS. This statement is absolutely false: in C#, an int always maps to System.Int32, and therefore it represents a 32-bit integer regardless of the OS the code is running on. If programmers would use Int32 in their code, then this potential confusion is also eliminated.

> - In C#, long maps to System.Int64, but in a different programming language, long could map to an Int16 or Int32. In fact, C++/CLI does treat long as an Int32. Someone reading source code in one language could easily misinterpret the code’s intention if he or she were used to programming in a different programming language. In fact, most languages won’t even treat long as a keyword and won’t compile code that uses it.

> - The FCL has many methods that have type names as part of their method names. For example, the BinaryReader type offers methods such as ReadBoolean, ReadInt32, ReadSingle, and so on, and the System.Convert type offers methods such as ToBoolean, ToInt32, ToSingle, and so on. Although it’s legal to write the following code, the line with float feels very unnatural to me, and it’s not obvious that the line is correct:

> BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(...); float val = br.ReadSingle(); // OK, but feels unnatural Single val = br.ReadSingle(); // OK and feels good

> - Many programmers that use C# exclusively tend to forget that other programming languages can be used against the CLR, and because of this, C#-isms creep into the class library code. For example, Microsoft’s FCL is almost exclusively written in C# and developers on the FCL team have now introduced methods into the library such as Array’s GetLongLength, which returns an Int64 value that is a long in C# but not in other languages (like C++/CLI). Another example is System.Linq.Enumerable’s LongCount method.

I didn't get his opinion before I read the complete paragraph.

String (System.String) is a class in the base class library. string (lower case) is a reserved work in C# that is an alias for System.String. Int32 vs int is a similar situation as is Boolean vs. bool. These C# language specific keywords enable you to declare primitives in a style similar to C.

It's a matter of convention, really. string just looks more like C/C++ style. The general convention is to use whatever shortcuts your chosen language has provided (int/Int for Int32). This goes for "object" and decimal as well.

Theoretically this could help to port code into some future 64-bit standard in which "int" might mean Int64, but that's not the point, and I would expect any upgrade wizard to change any int references to Int32 anyway just to be safe.

String is not a keyword and it can be used as Identifier whereas string is a keyword and cannot be used as Identifier. And in function point of view both are same.

Coming late to the party: I use the CLR types 100% of the time (well, except if forced to use the C# type, but I don't remember when the last time that was).

I originally started doing this years ago, as per the CLR books by Ritchie. It made sense to me that all CLR languages ultimately have to be able to support the set of CLR types, so using the CLR types yourself provided clearer, and possibly more "reusable" code.

Now that I've been doing it for years, it's a habit and I like the coloration that VS shows for the CLR types.

The only real downer is that auto-complete uses the C# type, so I end up re-typing automatically generated types to specify the CLR type instead.

Also, now, when I see "int" or "string", it just looks really wrong to me, like I'm looking at 1970's C code.

@JaredPar (a developer on the C# compiler and prolific SO user!) wrote a great blog post on this issue. I think it is worth sharing here. It is a nice perspective on our subject.

> # string vs. String is not a style debate

> [...]

> The keyword string has concrete meaning in C#. It is the type System.String which exists in the core runtime assembly. The runtime intrinsically understands this type and provides the capabilities developers expect for strings in .NET. Its presence is so critical to C# that if that type doesn’t exist the compiler will exit before attempting to even parse a line of code. Hence string has a precise, unambiguous meaning in C# code.

> The identifier String though has no concrete meaning in C#. It is an identifier that goes through all the name lookup rules as Widget, Student, etc … It could bind to string or it could bind to a type in another assembly entirely whose purposes may be entirely different than string. Worse it could be defined in a way such that code like String s = "hello"; continued to compile.

> class TricksterString { > void Example() { > String s = "Hello World"; // Okay but probably not what you expect. > } > } >
> class String { > public static implicit operator String(string s) => null; > } > > > The actual meaning of String will always depend on name resolution. > That means it depends on all the source files in the project and all > the types defined in all the referenced assemblies. In short it > requires quite a bit of context to know what it means. > > True that in the vast majority of cases String and string will bind to > the same type. But using String still means developers are leaving > their program up to interpretation in places where there is only one > correct answer. When String does bind to the wrong type it can leave > developers debugging for hours, filing bugs on the compiler team, and > generally wasting time that could’ve been saved by using string. > > Another way to visualize the difference is with this sample: > > string s1 = 42; // Errors 100% of the time
> String s2 = 42; // Might error, might not, depends on the code >
> Many will argue that while this is information technically accurate using String is still fine because it’s exceedingly rare that a codebase would define a type of this name. Or that when String is defined it’s a sign of a bad codebase.

> [...]

> You’ll see that String is defined for a number of completely valid purposes: reflection helpers, serialization libraries, lexers, protocols, etc … For any of these libraries String vs. string has real consequences depending on where the code is used.

> So remember when you see the String vs. string debate this is about semantics, not style. Choosing string gives crisp meaning to your codebase. Choosing String isn’t wrong but it’s leaving the door open for surprises in the future.

Note: I copy/pasted most of the blog posts for archive reasons. I ignore some parts, so I recommend skipping and reading the blog post if you can.

There is no difference.

The C# keyword string maps to the .NET type System.String - it is an alias that keeps to the naming conventions of the language.

Similarly, int maps to System.Int32.

There's a quote on this issue from Daniel Solis' book.

> All the predefined types are mapped directly to > underlying .NET types. The C# type names (string) are simply aliases for the > .NET types (String or System.String), so using the .NET names works fine syntactically, although > this is discouraged. Within a C# program, you should use the C# names > rather than the .NET names.

Yes, that's no difference between them, just like the bool and Boolean.

string is a keyword, and you can't use string as an identifier.

String is not a keyword, and you can use it as an identifier:

Example

string String = "I am a string";

The keyword string is an alias for System.String aside from the keyword issue, the two are exactly equivalent.

 typeof(string) == typeof(String) == typeof(System.String)

There is no difference between the two - string, however, appears to be the preferred option when considering other developers' source code.

One argument not mentioned elsewhere to prefer the pascal case String:

System.String is a reference type, and reference types names are pascal case by convention.

Both are the same.The difference is how you use it. Convention is,

string is for variables

String is for calling other String class methods

Like:

string fName = "John";
string lName = "Smith";

string fullName = String.Concat(fName,lName);

if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(fName))
{
  Console.WriteLine("Enter first name");
}

There is practically no difference

The C# keyword string maps to the .NET type System.String - it is an alias that keeps to the naming conventions of the language.

There is one practical difference between string and String.

nameof(String); // compiles
nameof(string); // doesn't compile

This is because string is a keyword (an alias in this case) whereas String is a type.

The same is true for the other aliases as well.

| Alias     | Type             |
|-----------|------------------|
|  bool     |  System.Boolean  |
|  byte     |  System.Byte     |
|  sbyte    |  System.SByte    |
|  char     |  System.Char     |
|  decimal  |  System.Decimal  |
|  double   |  System.Double   |
|  float    |  System.Single   |
|  int      |  System.Int32    |
|  uint     |  System.UInt32   |
|  long     |  System.Int64    |
|  ulong    |  System.UInt64   |
|  object   |  System.Object   |
|  short    |  System.Int16    |
|  ushort   |  System.UInt16   |
|  string   |  System.String   |

In case it's useful to really see there is no difference between string and System.String:

var method1 = typeof(MyClass).GetMethod("TestString1").GetMethodBody().GetILAsByteArray();
var method2 = typeof(MyClass).GetMethod("TestString2").GetMethodBody().GetILAsByteArray();

//...

public string TestString1()
{
    string str = "Hello World!";
    return str;
}

public string TestString2()
{
    String str = "Hello World!";
    return str;
}

Both produce exactly the same IL byte array:

[ 0, 114, 107, 0, 0, 112, 10, 6, 11, 43, 0, 7, 42 ]

In C#, string is the shorthand version of System.String (String). They basically mean the same thing.

It's just like bool and Boolean, not much difference..

String refers to a string object which comes with various functions for manipulating the contained string.

string refers to a primitive type

In C# they both compile to String but in other languages they do not so you should use String if you want to deal with String objects and string if you want to deal with literals.

You don't need import namespace (using System;) to use string because it is a global alias of System.String.

To know more about aliases you can check this link.

First of All, both string & String are not same. There is a difference: String is not a keyword and it can be used as an identifier whereas string is a keyword and cannot be used as identifier.

I am trying to explain with different example : First, when I put string s; into Visual Studio and hover over it I get (without the colour):

That says that string is System.String, right? The documentation is at https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/362314fe.aspx. The second sentence says "string is an alias for String in the .NET Framework.".

To be honest, in practice usually there is not difference between System.String and string.

All types in C# are objects and all derives from System.Object class. One difference is that string is a C# keyword and String you can use as variable name. System.String is conventional .NET name of this type and string is convenient C# name. Here is simple program which presents difference between System.String and string.

string a = new string(new char[] { 'x', 'y', 'z' });
string b = new String(new char[] { 'x', 'y', 'z' });
String c = new string(new char[] { 'x', 'y', 'z' });
String d = new String(new char[] { 'x', 'y', 'z' });
MessageBox.Show((a.GetType() == typeof(String) && a.GetType() == typeof(string)).ToString()); // shows true
MessageBox.Show((b.GetType() == typeof(String) && b.GetType() == typeof(string)).ToString()); // shows true
MessageBox.Show((c.GetType() == typeof(String) && c.GetType() == typeof(string)).ToString()); // shows true
MessageBox.Show((d.GetType() == typeof(String) && d.GetType() == typeof(string)).ToString()); // shows true

@JonSkeet in my compiler

public enum Foo : UInt32 { }

is working. I've Visual Studio 2015 Community.

Jeffrey Richter written:

> Another way to think of this is that the C# compiler automatically > assumes that you have the following using directives in all of your > source code files:

using int = System.Int32;
using uint = System.UInt32;
using string = System.String;
...

> > I’ve seen a number of developers confused, not knowing whether to use > string or String in their code. Because in C# string (a keyword) maps > exactly to System.String (an FCL type), there is no difference and > either can be used.

String: A String object is called immutable (read-only) because its value cannot be modified once it has been created. Methods that appear to modify a String object actually return a new String object that contains the modification. If it is necessary to modify the actual contents of a string-like object

string: The string type represents a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters. string is an alias for String in the .NET Framework. string is the intrinsic C# datatype, and is an alias for the system provided type "System.String". The C# specification states that as a matter of style the keyword (string) is preferred over the full system type name (System.String, or String). Although string is a reference type, the equality operators (== and !=) are defined to compare the values of string objects, not references. This makes testing for string equality more intuitive. For example:

Difference between string & String:

• The string is usually used for declaration while String is used for accessing static string methods
• You can use 'string' do declare fields, properties etc that use the predefined type 'string', since the C# specification tells me this is good style.
• You can use 'String' to use system-defined methods, such as String.Compare etc. They are originally defined on 'System.String', not 'string'. 'string' is just an alias in this case.
• You can also use 'String' or 'System.Int32' when communicating with other system, especially if they are CLR-compliant. i.e. - if I get data from elsewhere, I'd de-serialize it into a System.Int32 rather than an 'int', if the origin by definition was something else than a C# system.

There is no difference between the two. You can use either of them in your code.

System.String is a class (reference type) defined the mscorlib in the namespace System. In other words, System.String is a type in the CLR.

string is a keyword in C#

In the context of MSDN Documentation, String class is documented like any other data type (e.g., XmlReader, StreamReader) in the BCL.

And string is documented like a keyword (C# Reference) or like any basic C# language construct (e.g., for, while, default).

Reference.

As pointed out, they are the same thing and string is just an alias to String.

For what it's worth, I use string to declare types - variables, properties, return values and parameters. This is consistent with the use of other system types - int, bool, var etc (although Int32 and Boolean are also correct).

I use String when using the static methods on the String class, like String.Split() or String.IsNullOrEmpty(). I feel that this makes more sense because the methods belong to a class, and it is consistent with how I use other static methods.

string is equal to System.String in VS2015 if you write this:

System.String str;

Than compiler will show potential fix to optimize it and after applying that fixe it will look like this

string str;

I prefer to use string because this type is used so much that I don't want the syntax highlighter blending it in with all the other classes. Although it is a class it is used more like a primitive therefore I think the different highlight colour is appropriate.

If you right click on the string keyword and select Go to definition from the context menu it'll take you to the String class - it's just syntactic sugar but it improves readability imo.

A string is a sequential collection of characters that is used to represent text.

A String object is a sequential collection of System.Char objects that represent a string; a System.Char object corresponds to a UTF-16 code unit.

The value of the String object is the content of the sequential collection of System.Char objects, and that value is immutable (that is, it is read-only).

For more information about the immutability of strings, see the Immutability and the StringBuilder class section in msdn.

The maximum size of a String object in memory is 2GB, or about 1 billion characters.

Note : answer is extracted from msdn help section. You can see the full content here in msdn String Class topic under Remarks section

string is short name of System.String. String or System.String is name of string in CTS(Common Type System).

As far as I know, string is just an alias for System.String, and similar aliases exist for bool, object, int... the only subtle difference is that you can use string without a "using System;" directive, while String requires it (otherwise you should specify System.String in full).

About which is the best to use, I guess it's a matter of taste. Personally I prefer string, but I it's not a religious issue.

String : Represent a class

string : Represent an alias

> It's just a coding convention from microsoft .

As you already know string is just alias for System.String. But what should I use? it just personal preference.

In my case, I love to use string rather than use System.String because String requires a namespace using System; or a full name System.String.

So I believe the alias string was created for simplicity and I love it!

string is a shortcut for System.String. The only difference is that you don´t need to reference to System.String namespace. So would be better using string than String.

it is common practice to declare a variable using C# keywords. In fact, every C# type has an equivalent in .NET. As another example, short and int in C# map to Int16 and Int32 in .NET. So, technically there is no difference between string and String, but In C#, string is an alias for the String class in .NET framework.

string is an alias for String in the .NET Framework.

Where "String" is in fact System.String.

I would say that they are interchangeable and there is no difference when and where you should use one or the other.

It would be better to be consistent with which one you did use though.

For what it's worth, I use string to declare types - variables, properties, return values and parameters. This is consistent with the use of other system types - int, bool, var etc (although Int32 and Boolean are also correct).

I use String when using the static methods on the String class, like String.Split() or String.IsNullOrEmpty(). I feel that this makes more sense because the methods belong to a class, and it is consistent with how I use other static methods.

String is the class of string. If you remove System namespace from using statements, you can see that String has gone but string is still here. string is keyword for String. Like
int and Int32 short and Int16 long and Int64
So the keywords are just some words that uses a class. These keywords are specified by C#(so Microsoft, because C# is Microsoft's). Briefly, there's no difference. Using string or String. That doesn't matter. They are same.

declare a string variable with string but use the String class when accessing one of its static members:

String.Format()

Variable

string name = "";

All the above is basically correct. One can check it. Just write a short method

public static void Main()
{
	var s = "a string";
}

compile it and open .exe with ildasm to see

.method private hidebysig static void  Main(string[] args) cil managed
{
  .entrypoint
  // Code size       8 (0x8)
  .maxstack  1
  .locals init ([0] string s)
  IL_0000:  nop
  IL_0001:  ldstr      "a string"
  IL_0006:  stloc.0
  IL_0007:  ret
} // end of method Program::Main

then change var to string and String, compile, open with ildasm and see IL does not change. It also shows the creators of the language prefer just string when difining variables (spoiler: when calling members they prefer String).

There is no major difference between string and String in C#.

String is a class in the .NET framework in the System namespace. The fully qualified name is System.String. The lower case string is an alias of System.String.

But its recommended to use string while declaring variables like:

string str = "Hello";

And we can use String while using any built-in method for strings like String.IsNullOrEmpty().

Also one difference between these two is like before using String we have to import system namespace in cs file and string can be used directly.

Image result for string vs String www.javatpoint.com In C#, string is an alias for the String class in .NET framework. In fact, every C# type has an equivalent in .NET.
Another little difference is that if you use the String class, you need to import the System namespace, whereas you don't have to import namespace when using the string keyword

There are many (e.g. Jeffrey Richter in his book CLR Via C#) who are saying that there is no difference between System.String and string, and also System.Int32 and int, but we must discriminate a little deeper to really squeeze the juice out of this question so we can get all the nutritional value out of it (write better code).

A. They are the Same...

1. to the compiler.
2. to the developer. (We know #1 and eventually achieve autopilot.)

B. They are Different in Famework and in Non-C# Contexts. Different...

1. to OTHER languages that are NOT C#
2. in an optimized CIL (was MSIL) context (the .NET VM assembly language)
3. in a platform-targeted context -- the .NET Framework or Mono or any CIL-type area
4. in a book targeting multiple .NET Languages (such as VB.NET, F#, etc.)

So, the true answer is that it is only because C# has to co-own the .NET space with other languages that this question even exists.

C. To Summarize...

You use string and int and the other C# types in a C#-only targeted audience (ask the question, who is going to read this code, or use this library). For your internal company, if you only use C#, then stick to the C# types.

...and you use System.String and System.Int32 in a multilingual or framework targeted audience (when C# is not the only audience). For your internal organization, if you also use VB.NET or F# or any other .NET language, or develop libraries for consumption by customers who may, then you should use the "Frameworky" types in those contexts so that everyone can understand your interface, no matter what universe they are from. (What is Klingon for System.String, anyway?)

HTH.

Essentially, there is no difference between string and String in C#.

String is a class in the .NET framework in the System namespace under System.String, Whereas, lower case string is an alias of System.String.

Logging the full name of both types can prove this

string s1= "hello there 1";
String s2 = "hello there 2";
        
Console.WriteLine(s1.GetType().FullName); // System.String
Console.WriteLine(s2.GetType().FullName); // System.String

It is recommended to use string over String but it's really a matter of choice. Most developers use string to declare variables in C# and use System.String class to use any built-in string methods like for an example , the String.IsNullOrEmpty() method.