Installing python module within code
PythonPipPython ModulePypiPython Problem Overview
I need to install a package from PyPi straight within my script.
Maybe there's some module or distutils
(distribute
, pip
etc.) feature which allows me to just execute something like pypi.install('requests')
and requests will be installed into my virtualenv.
Python Solutions
Solution 1 - Python
The officially recommended way to install packages from a script is by calling pip's command-line interface via a subprocess. Most other answers presented here are not supported by pip. Furthermore since pip v10, all code has been moved to pip._internal
precisely in order to make it clear to users that programmatic use of pip is not allowed.
Use sys.executable
to ensure that you will call the same pip
associated with the current runtime.
import subprocess
import sys
def install(package):
subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", package])
Solution 2 - Python
You can also use something like:
import pip
def install(package):
if hasattr(pip, 'main'):
pip.main(['install', package])
else:
pip._internal.main(['install', package])
# Example
if __name__ == '__main__':
install('argh')
Solution 3 - Python
If you want to use pip
to install required package and import it after installation, you can use this code:
def install_and_import(package):
import importlib
try:
importlib.import_module(package)
except ImportError:
import pip
pip.main(['install', package])
finally:
globals()[package] = importlib.import_module(package)
install_and_import('transliterate')
If you installed a package as a user you can encounter the problem that you cannot just import the package. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25384922 for additional information.
Solution 4 - Python
This should work:
import subprocess
def install(name):
subprocess.call(['pip', 'install', name])
Solution 5 - Python
i added some exception handling to @Aaron's answer.
import subprocess
import sys
try:
import pandas as pd
except ImportError:
subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", 'pandas'])
finally:
import pandas as pd
Solution 6 - Python
For installing multiple packages, I am using a setup.py
file with the following code:
import sys
import subprocess
import pkg_resources
required = {'numpy', 'pandas', '<etc>'}
installed = {pkg.key for pkg in pkg_resources.working_set}
missing = required - installed
if missing:
# implement pip as a subprocess:
subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install', *missing])
Solution 7 - Python
You define the dependent module inside the setup.py of your own package with the "install_requires" option.
If your package needs to have some console script generated then you can use the "console_scripts" entry point in order to generate a wrapper script that will be placed within the 'bin' folder (e.g. of your virtualenv environment).
Solution 8 - Python
import os
os.system('pip install requests')
I tried above for temporary solution instead of changing docker file. Hope these might be useful to some
Solution 9 - Python
If you want a more efficient answer that expands on subprocess.check_call
. You can first check if the requirement has already been met using pkg_resources
.
This works for different requirment specifiers which is nice. e.g. >=
, ==
import sys
import subprocess
import pkg_resources
from pkg_resources import DistributionNotFound, VersionConflict
def should_install_requirement(requirement):
should_install = False
try:
pkg_resources.require(requirement)
except (DistributionNotFound, VersionConflict):
should_install = True
return should_install
def install_packages(requirement_list):
try:
requirements = [
requirement
for requirement in requirement_list
if should_install_requirement(requirement)
]
if len(requirements) > 0:
subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", *requirements])
else:
print("Requirements already satisfied.")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
Example usage:
requirement_list = ['requests', 'httpx==0.18.2']
install_packages(requirement_list)
Relevant Info Stackoverflow Question: 58612272
Solution 10 - Python
> Try the below. So far the best that worked for me > Install the 4 ones first and then Mention the new ones in the REQUIRED list
import pkg_resources
import subprocess
import sys
import os
REQUIRED = {
'spacy', 'scikit-learn', 'numpy', 'pandas', 'torch',
'pyfunctional', 'textblob', 'seaborn', 'matplotlib'
}
installed = {pkg.key for pkg in pkg_resources.working_set}
missing = REQUIRED - installed
if missing:
python = sys.executable
subprocess.check_call([python, '-m', 'pip', 'install', *missing], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
Solution 11 - Python
To conditionally install multiple packages with exact version, I've been using this pattern basing on @Tanmay Shrivastava's answer:
import sys
from subprocess import run, PIPE, STDOUT
import pkg_resources
def run_cmd(cmd):
ps = run(cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, shell=True, text=True)
print(ps.stdout)
# packages to be conditionally installed with exact version
required = {"click==8.0.1", "semver==3.0.0.dev2"}
installed = {f"{pkg.key}=={pkg.version}" for pkg in pkg_resources.working_set}
missing = required - installed
if missing:
run_cmd(f'pip install --ignore-installed {" ".join([*missing])}')