That&#39;s not possible currently, you can only create tokens for user accounts since user accounts have permissions associated with them (organizations don&#39;t). So, you&#39;d need to create a token with an account which has access to the repository in question and give that to Travis. You can also create a machine account for that purpose.

Why was the `Thread` class implemented as a regular class and not an **abstract** class with `run()` method being abstract.

Will it possibly introduce any problems? Or does it have any use in being this way?

Also, the `Thread.start()` method is supposed to be a very specific method **whose functionality cannot be implemented by any other class** (If I am not wrong). And hence I guess the `final` keyword would be apt for this more than any other method.

But I am able to override this method and use it as I like,

    public class Test extends Thread {
    	public static void main (String... args) {
    		Thread test = new Test();
    		test.start();
    	}
    	
    	@Override
    	public void run() {
    		System.out.println(&quot;New thread started...&quot;);
    	}
    	
    	@Override
    	public void start() {
    		System.out.println(&quot;Did anyone tell you I will spawn a new thread??&quot;);
    	}
    }

It obviously only printed,

&gt; Did anyone tell you I will spawn a new thread??

Is there any use in overriding other than confusing the engineer replacing you?

If not, why was the method not declared final in Thread class?

Why is Thread not an abstract class and start() not final?

While porting code from `python2` to `3`, I get this error when reading from a URL 

&gt;TypeError: initial_value must be str or None, not bytes.

    import urllib
    import json
    import gzip
    from urllib.parse import urlencode
    from urllib.request import Request

    
    service_url = &#39;https://babelfy.io/v1/disambiguate&#39;
    text = &#39;BabelNet is both a multilingual encyclopedic dictionary and a semantic network&#39;
    lang = &#39;EN&#39;
    Key  = &#39;KEY&#39;

        params = {
            &#39;text&#39; : text,
            &#39;key&#39;  : Key,
            &#39;lang&#39; :&#39;EN&#39;

            }
        
    url = service_url + &#39;?&#39; + urllib.urlencode(params)
    request = Request(url)
    request.add_header(&#39;Accept-encoding&#39;, &#39;gzip&#39;)
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    if response.info().get(&#39;Content-Encoding&#39;) == &#39;gzip&#39;:
                buf = StringIO(response.read())
                f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf)
                data = json.loads(f.read())

The exception is thrown at this line  

    buf = StringIO(response.read())  
If I use python2, it works fine.

Python3 error: initial_value must be str or None, with StringIO

I have created an organization on GitHub. My organization has some repos. These repos have API documentation that I would like to re-build and publish to `gh-pages` branch via Travis-CI.  In order to give Travis-CI access to my organization&#39;s repos I need to generate an OAuth token, encrypt it, and then add then include the encypted token in the `.travis.yml` file as follows...

    env:
      global:
      - secure: &quot;lots-of-seemingly-random-characters&quot;


This [SO post](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18027115/committing-via-travis-ci-failing) explains the process and provides the details on how to do this for user accounts. How do I generate the required OAuth token for organization accounts?

How do I generate the GitHub OAuth token for organization accounts?

I have created an organization on GitHub. My organization has some repos. These repos have API documentation that I would like to re-build and publish to <code>gh-pages</code> branch via Travis-CI. In order to give Travis-CI access to my organization's repos I need to generate an OAuth token, encrypt it, and then add then include the encypted token in the <code>.travis.yml</code> file as follows...
<pre><code class="hljs language-vbnet">env:
 global:
 - secure: "lots-of-seemingly-random-characters"
</code></pre>
This <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18027115/committing-via-travis-ci-failing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SO post</a> explains the process and provides the details on how to do this for user accounts. How do I generate the required OAuth token for organization accounts?

The command ``git shortlog -sne`` is exactly what I need, but I want to be able to specify a date range for that which isn&#39;t an option for `shortlog`. Is there another way to accomplish this same thing, but for a specific date range?

How to count git commits per user in a date range?

I saw a lot of questions about methods of using `git blame`, but I don&#39;t really understand them.

I see a &lt;kbd&gt;Blame&lt;/kbd&gt; button on top of files on the GitHub interface. Upon clicking it, it shows some diff with usernames on the left bar. What does that indicate?

Why is `git blame` actually used, apart from GitHub?




What does &#39;git blame&#39; do?

I understand that forking is cloning the repository on the server side. But I don&#39;t understand why I would do that.

Why not clone the original repository to my machine, add my code, than push the new branch to GitHub and make a pull request?

GitHub: Why should I fork?

I have a Java application in a private repository on GitHub and I would like to share it with someone who doesn&#39;t have an account. I didn&#39;t find any option on the site for this.

Is there a way to do this? Collaborators can be only GitHub users.

Can I share my private GitHub repository by link?

Is it possible to shallow clone a specific commit in a repository, i.e. with depth 1? Something like

    git clone http://myrepo.git 728a4d --depth 1

to get the repository state as it is at the commit with SHA `728a4d...`?

The motivation is to avoid having to clone the whole repository, then check out that specific commit, when we&#39;re only interested in the state of the repository at that specific commit.

How to shallow clone a specific commit with depth 1?

I recently began using two-factor authentication on GitHub, and I am now unable to use git over https on private repos in the usual way:

    peter@computer:~$ git clone https://github.com/[...]/MyPrivateRepo
    Cloning into &#39;MyPrivateRepo&#39;...
    Username for &#39;https://github.com&#39;: [...]
    Password for &#39;https://[...]@github.com&#39;: 
    remote: Invalid username or password.
    fatal: Authentication failed for &#39;https://github.com/[...]/MyPrivateRepo/&#39;

If I disable two-factor authentication I can use it as before:

    peter@computer:~$ git clone https://github.com/[...]/MyPrivateRepo
    Cloning into &#39;MyPrivateRepo&#39;...
    Username for &#39;https://github.com&#39;: [...]
    Password for &#39;https://[...]@github.com&#39;: 
    remote: Counting objects: 147, done.
    remote: Total 147 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 147
    Receiving objects: 100% (147/147), 22.70 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
    Resolving deltas: 100% (87/87), done.
    Checking connectivity... done.

I know I can use SSH and everything works, but is there a way I can keep two-factor authentication while still being able to use GitHub over HTTPS, for example by sending an auth token with my request?

Git Clone from GitHub over https with two-factor authentication

I want to do a `git pull` but only till a specific commit.

     A-&gt;B-&gt;C-&gt;D-&gt;E-&gt;F (Remote master HEAD)

so suppose my `local master` HEAD points to `B`, and I want to pull till `E`. What should I do ?

This is not pulling a specific commit, this is pulling upto a specific commit.

Git pull till a particular commit

When I created a GitHub project I chose None.

How can I now add a GPL license to my already added project?

[![screenshot][1]][1]

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/BCJoL.png

How to add license to an existing GitHub project

 - What is it exactly?
 - For what is it used?  
 - How widespread is the usage?  
 - How is it usually used?  



What exactly is a Release in GitHub?

I am following [Github’s OAuth flow](https://developer.github.com/v3/oauth/), and obtaining an access token that gives me access to the user’s email scope.  When I exchange a code for an access token, using the https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token endpoint, I get the following response:

    {
      access_token: &#39;83f42..xxx’,
      token_type: &#39;bearer&#39;,
      scope: &#39;user:email&#39; 
    }

Looks great.  So I make this request, using the token to get my user data:

    Accept-Language: en-us
    Accept: application/json
    Authorization: token 83f42..xxx
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    
    GET https://api.github.com/user


I do get my user object as a response, but the email property is null.  Anyone else having this problem?


Github user email is null, despite user:email scope

How can I export all my issues from an Enterprise GitHub repository to an Excel file? I have tried searching many Stack Overflow answers but did not succeed. I tried this solution too ([exporting Git issues to CSV][1] and getting  &quot;ImportError: No module named requests&quot; errors. Is there any tool or any easy way to export all the issues to Excel?


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30133615/exporting-github-issues-to-csv

How can I export GitHub issues to Excel?

I create a couple workflows in the `.github/workflows` folder of my repository to experiment with GitHub Actions. I have since learned quite a bit and deleted said &quot;experimental&quot; workflows from my repo. After deleting the &quot;experimental&quot; workflow yaml files and committing the deletions, when I go to the Actions tab of my repository I **STILL** see the workflows that I have since deleted.

I see no option to delete and start from scratch?! Is this not possible? Is it maybe possible through GitHub API? Hmm.

Delete a workflow from GitHub Actions

I was using a username password for pushing my code. It was working for several months, but suddenly I&#39;m not able to do it and am getting this error:

```
Username for &#39;https://github.com&#39;: shreyas-jadhav
Password for &#39;https://shreyas-jadhav@github.com&#39;:
remote: Password authentication is temporarily disabled as part of a brownout. Please use a personal access token instead.
remote: Please see https://github.blog/2020-07-30-token-authentication-requirements-for-api-and-git-operations/ for more information.
```

Please note that the link doesn&#39;t help. Even using the generated token doesn&#39;t help.

&gt; **Moderator Note:** This is [part of a planned and soon-to-be permanent service change by GitHub](https://github.blog/2020-12-15-token-authentication-requirements-for-git-operations/)



Password authentication is temporarily disabled as part of a brownout. Please use a personal access token instead

I created a GitHub pages repository. For some reason when I name it
`https://[username].github.io`, it doesn&#39;t work, but it works when I name it `https://[username].github.io/index.html`.

Why?

Github Pages site not detecting index.html

So I am trying to get a **custom domain to work with my github pages** user site. I have followed pretty much the standard procedure for doing this as follows: (recommended by github here too: **https://help.github.com/articles/setting-up-an-apex-domain-and-www-subdomain/**). Note I need both the apex domain (example.com) and the www subdomain (www.example.com) to resolve to my github pages user site at username.github.io (the website itself is a **jekyll based blog** and I have checked that it compiles successfully before I started this process)

1. I added an **A record** to my DNS records at the registrar pointing to all of the four IP addresses provided by Github from the apex domain example.com: 
- 185.199.108.153
- 185.199.109.153
- 185.199.110.153
- 185.199.111.153 
2. Next I went in and added a **CNAME record for the www** sub domain pointing to username.github.io
3. And then I finally enabled the custom domain example.com under the settings tab of the repository (under Github Pages &gt; Custom Domain), and also enabled the **Enforce HTTPS** option after it was enabled within about an hour.

I have tried contacting my registrar and they said that everything in the DNS record seem fine and they get the following results: 

A records : 

 example.com.            21460  IN      A      185.199.111.153

 example.com.            21460  IN      A      185.199.109.153

 example.com.            21460  IN      A      185.199.110.153

 example.com.            21460  IN      A      185.199.108.153

CNAME : 

www.example.com.        7199    IN      CNAME  username.github.io.

As expected.

But I still get the following error in github (under the settings tab of the repository): 

&quot;**Domain does not resolve to the GitHub Pages server. For more information, see https://help.github.com/articles/setting-up-a-custom-domain-with-github-pages/.**&quot;

And when I try to access the site by typing either example.com or www.example.com, the browser redirects to https://example.com/ and I get the error (on Chrome):

**ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED**
  
Note that there is a warning on the documentation by github saying:

**Warning: If your domain has HTTPS enforcement enabled, GitHub Pages&#39; servers will not automatically route redirects. You must configure www subdomain and root domain redirects with your domain registrar.**

I have no idea how to get around this. I suspect this is the possible cause of the issue. So a solution might be to circumvent this redirection, I just do not know how I would do this. 


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	davidrpugh	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Git	Ivan Zuzak	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How do I generate the GitHub OAuth token for organization accounts?

Git Problem Overview

Git Solutions

Solution 1 - Git

Python3 error: initial_value must be str or None, with StringIO

Why is Thread not an abstract class and start() not final?

Attributions