You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0 directory. (mac user)
MacosRubygemsInstallationBundlerAtom EditorMacos Problem Overview
below is what I need to do.
> To run the specs, you'll need to install RSpec. First, run gem install bundler
in the root directory of your project. Then, run bundle install
. To run a single spec file, run a command like this: bundle exec rspec spec/00_hello_spec.rb
. To run all of the specs at once, run bundle exec rspec
.
So, I typed gem install bundler
in Terminal, and got the error:
> You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0 directory.
and this was in the project file in atom
source "https://rubygems.org"
gem "rspec", "~> 3.2.0"
My question is:
It seems like terminal is giving me the response because I'm not supposed to change anything on ruby, and I need to bundle install
inside of atom? Could anyone tell me how to use atom or run anything in atom?
Macos Solutions
Solution 1 - Macos
Update:
-
I now have a paid script that will set up a proper Ruby environment for you with a single command!
-
I also updated my guide that explains the various ways you can install Ruby gems on a Mac and why I only recommend using a version manager like
chruby
andruby-install
.
You are correct that macOS won't let you change anything with the Ruby version that comes installed with your Mac. However, it's possible to install gems like bundler
using a separate version of Ruby that doesn't interfere with the one provided by Apple.
Using sudo
to install gems, or changing permissions of system files and directories is strongly discouraged, even if you know what you are doing. Can we please stop providing this bad advice? I wrote a detailed article that shows why you should never use sudo to install gems.
The solution involves two main steps:
- Install a separate version of Ruby that does not interfere with the one that came with your Mac.
- Update your
PATH
such that the location of the new Ruby version is first in thePATH
. Some tools do this automatically for you. If you're not familiar with thePATH
and how it works, it's one of the basics that you should learn, and you'll understand why you sometimes get "command not found" errors and how to fix them.
There are several ways to install Ruby on a Mac. The best way that I recommend, and that I wish was more prevalent in the various installation instructions out there, is to use an automated script like Ruby on Mac that will set up a proper Ruby environment for you.
The main reason is that it saves each person a ton of time. Time is our most limited and valuable resource. Why make people do things manually when they can be automated with a perfect result every time?
Another reason is that it drastically reduces the chance of human error, or errors due to incomplete instructions.
If you want to do things manually, keep on reading. First, you will want to install Homebrew, which installs the prerequisite command line tools, and makes it easy to install other necessary tools.
Then, the two easiest ways to install a separate version of Ruby are:
If you would like the flexibility of easily switching between many Ruby versions [RECOMMENDED]
Choose one of these four options:
- chruby and ruby-install - my personal recommendations and the ones that are automatically installed by the Ruby on Mac script. These can be installed with Homebrew:
brew install chruby ruby-install
If you chose chruby
and ruby-install
, you can then install the latest Ruby like this:
ruby-install ruby
Once you've installed everything and configured your .zshrc
or .bash_profile
according to the instructions from the tools above, quit and restart Terminal, then switch to the version of Ruby that you want. In the case of chruby
, it would be something like this:
chruby 3.1.0
Whether you need to configure .zshrc
or .bash_profile
depends on which shell you're using.
If you know for sure you don't need more than one version of Ruby at the same time (besides the one that came with macOS)
Even if you think you won't need another version now, you will eventually and you won't be able to easily switch. This will cause confusion and headaches.
- Install ruby with Homebrew:
brew install ruby
Then update your PATH
by running this command:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
The 2.7.0
in the command above assumes Homebrew installed a Ruby version that starts with 2.7
. If you're using a different version (which you can check with ruby -v
), replace 2.7
with the first two digits of your Ruby version.
Then "refresh" your shell for these changes to take effect:
source ~/.zshrc
Or you can open a new terminal tab, or quit and restart Terminal.
Replace .zshrc
with .bash_profile
if you are using Bash. If you're not sure, read my guide to find out which shell you're using.
To check that you're now using the non-system version of Ruby, you can run the following commands:
which ruby
It should be something other than /usr/bin/ruby
ruby -v
It should be something other than 2.6.3 if you're on macOS Catalina, or 2.6.8 on Monterey. As of early 2022, 3.1.0 is the latest Ruby version.
Once you have this new version of Ruby installed, you can now install bundler (or any other gem):
gem install bundler
Solution 2 - Macos
Worked for me using the parameter --user-install
running following command:
gem install name_of_gem --user-install
Edit
There was one gem I still could not install (it required the Ruby.h headers of the Ruby development kit or something), then I tried the different version managers, but somehow that still did not really work as it was stated in the documentations how to just install and switch (it did just not switch the versions).
Then I removed all the installed version managers and installed afterwards with brew install ruby
the latest version and did set the PATH variable, too. (It will be mentioned after the installation of ruby from brew), which worked.
Solution 3 - Macos
If you don't want to run sudo
then install ruby using homebrew
brew install ruby
export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"
gem install rails
You may want to add export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"
to your ~/.bash_profile
or .zshrc
if you're using zsh
Note: RubyGems keeps old versions of gems, so feel free to do some cleaning after updating:
gem cleanup
Solution 4 - Macos
Just export GEM_HOME:
export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"
And then try:
gem install cocoapods
Solution 5 - Macos
As @idleberg mentions, on Mac OS, it is best to install rbenv to avoid permissions errors when using manually installed ruby.
Installation
$ brew update
$ brew install rbenv
Add the following in .bashrc
file:
eval "$(rbenv init -)"
Now, we can look at the list of ruby versions available for install
$ rbenv install -l
Install version 2.3.8 for example
$ rbenv install 2.3.8
Now we can use this ruby version globally
$ rbenv global 2.3.8
Finally run
$ rbenv rehash
$ which ruby
/Users/myuser/.rbenv/shims/ruby
$ ruby -v
ruby 2.3.7p456 (2018-03-28 revision 63024) [x86_64-darwin17]
Go for it
Now install bundler
$ gem install bundler
All done!
Solution 6 - Macos
I have faced same issue after install macOS Catalina. I had try below command and its working.
sudo gem update
Solution 7 - Macos
It's generally recommended to use a version manager like rbenv
or rvm
. Otherwise, installed Gems will be available as root
for other users.
If you know what you're doing, you can use sudo gem install
.
Solution 8 - Macos
Run this
$ rbenv init
# Load rbenv automatically by appending
# the following to ~/.zshrc:
eval "$(rbenv init -)"
Follow instructions, (in my case add to ~/.zshrc) ;)
Also important: Changes only take effect if you reboot your console. Two options
- Enter
source <modified file>
- close and open again
Solution 9 - Macos
Try this:
sudo gem install cocoapods --user-install
Worked for me
Solution 10 - Macos
If you have installed ruby separately and installed ruby using rbenv/rvm you budler might point to different versions.
try
gem env home
and
ruby -v
both should point to same version.check you have installed ruby using rbenv/rvm, If so delete the ruby version you installed separately.
In order for gem to work, you must invoke rbenv,
rbenv shell <ruby version>
and
rbenv global <ruby version>
I am not sure how RVM works. Let me know if this works.
Solution 11 - Macos
Try 1 or 2
1 - $ gem install cocoapods
2 - $ sudo gem install cocoapods
if it doesn't work, then export GEM_HOME:
export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"
And try again:
gem install cocoapods
Remember the oficial doc says you can use sudo (https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html#getting-started).
Solution 12 - Macos
To fix this, I ran
brew reinstall ruby
which showed me this message
> > ==> Caveats > ==> ruby > By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into: > /opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin > > You may want to add this to your PATH. > > ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew, > because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in > parallel can cause all kinds of trouble. > > If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run: > echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile >
So I added these two lines to my ~/.bashrc
file
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin:$PATH"
Then I opened a new Terminal.app window and ran my gem install
command again and it worked.
Solution 13 - Macos
rbenv global 2.6.3 helped me solve this problem.
Solution 14 - Macos
A different installation of ruby should be used. I use rbenv for that purpose.
# install your version of ruby
$ rbenv install 2.0.0-p247
# modify .ruby_version on current directory
$ rbenv local 2.0.0-p247
# proceed installing gems
$ gem install bundler
Disclamer: I am not a ruby person. This worked for me and if you are a ruby expert and see things to change in this answer, please, go ahead or comment!
Solution 15 - Macos
TL;DR
In several occasions, I've solved this kind of errors by just closing my terminal session and opening a new one before retrying the failing command.
Long explanation
In some SOs (such as MacOS) there is already a pre-installed, system-wide version of ruby. If you are using a version manager, such as rbenv
or asdf
, they work by playing with the environment of your current session so that the relevant commands point to the binaries installed by the version manager.
When installing a new binary, the version manager installs it in a special location, usually somewhere under the user's home directory. It then configures everything in your PATH
so that you get the freshly installed binaries when you issue a command, instead of the ones that came with your system. However, if you don't restart the session (there are other ways of getting your environment updated, but that's the easiest one) you don't get the new configuration and you will be using the original installation.
Solution 16 - Macos
I was using the below command to install fastlane but didn't worked
> gem install fastlane -NV
So using sudo
to install gems worked for me and it would be like
> sudo gem install fastlane -NV
Solution 17 - Macos
I try it, and work to me export PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:/opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/bin:$PATH export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/include" gem install ffi
Solution 18 - Macos
Had the same error because I forgot to run the following after installing ruby:
source ~/.zshrc
- or other ~/...rc file depending on your terminal
Solution 19 - Macos
Solution for Mac
-
Install/update RVM with last ruby version
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
-
Install bundler
gem install bundler
after this two commands (sudo) gem install ....
started to work
Solution 20 - Macos
Solution for MAC. run the command
sudo gem update
then type your Mac password when prompted
Solution 21 - Macos
After trying the previous approaches, this worked for me on Big Sur:
sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
Solution 22 - Macos
-
Install homebrew by passing this into your terminal
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
-
Install cocoapods using brew
brew install cocoapods
Solution 23 - Macos
This worked for me on Mac
> sudo chown -R $(whoami) $(brew --prefix)/*
Solution 24 - Macos
I'm using Mojave with rbenv
, this solution works for me:
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
Add this line into the file:
if which rbenv > /dev/null; then eval "$(rbenv init -)"; fi
Solution 25 - Macos
You need to install rbenv and maintain ruby versions under rbenv.
brew install rbenv
rbenv init
- append
eval "$(rbenv init -)"
to ~/.bash_profile rbenv install {stable_version_#}
you can get version number usingrbenv install -L
rbenv global {your_preferred_version_#}
command use to switch to ruby versionsrbenv shell {your_preferred_version_#}
gem install {whatever you want gems}
More detail https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv
Solution 26 - Macos
Simply doing
sudo gem uninstall cocoapods
worked for me.