If you just want an interactive interpreter, bpython should be fine.  Just use it until you miss some feature you liked about IPython.

There are lots of features that IPython offers over bpython:

 * Special threading options.  I like `-gthread` for experimenting with PyGTK and `-pylab` for matplotlib.

 * direct invocation of shell commands.  `cd` in IPython is quite useful.

 * Full readline library support -- I can use the keyboard shortcuts I am used to.

 * Module reload facility - You can do a deep reload of a module after you have changed your code.  This is very useful for testing and debugging.

 * Run functions in the background in a separate task with `%bg`.

 * A whole parallel programming environment (not really a feature you expect from an interactive Python shell, but IPython offers it).

This list could be nearly arbitrarily continued.  And of course there will be lots of features in bpython lacking from IPython, but you did not ask for those.

So just *use the one that works for you*!

[IPython Notebook](http://ipython.org/notebook.html) (since 0.12) is a killer feature.

Is there any clever solution to store static files in Flask&#39;s application root directory.
robots.txt and sitemap.xml are expected to be found in /, so my idea was to create routes for them:

    @app.route(&#39;/sitemap.xml&#39;, methods=[&#39;GET&#39;])
    def sitemap():
      response = make_response(open(&#39;sitemap.xml&#39;).read())
      response.headers[&quot;Content-type&quot;] = &quot;text/plain&quot;
      return response

There must be something more convenient :)

Static files in Flask - robot.txt, sitemap.xml (mod_wsgi)

What is the recommended technique for interactively validating content in a tkinter `Entry` widget?

I&#39;ve read the posts about using `validate=True` and `validatecommand=command`, and it appears that these features are limited by the fact that they get cleared if the `validatecommand` command updates the `Entry` widget&#39;s value.

Given this behavior, should we bind on the `KeyPress`, `Cut`, and `Paste` events and monitor/update our `Entry` widget&#39;s value through these events? (And other related events that I might have missed?)

Or should we forget interactive validation altogether and only validate on `FocusOut` events?

Interactively validating Entry widget content in tkinter

What does `ipython` have that `bpython` lacks and vice versa? How do the two differ?

What are the differences between ipython and bpython?

<p>What does <code>ipython</code> have that <code>bpython</code> lacks and vice versa? How do the two differ?</p>


given the simplest HTTP server, how do I get post variables in a BaseHTTPRequestHandler?

    from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
    
    class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
        def do_POST(self):
            # post variables?!

    server = HTTPServer((&#39;&#39;, 4444), Handler)
    server.serve_forever()

    # test with:
    # curl -d &quot;param1=value1&amp;param2=value2&quot; http://localhost:4444

I would simply like to able to get the values of param1 and param2. Thanks!

Python: How do I get key/value pairs from the BaseHTTPRequestHandler HTTP POST handler?

I have a list of lists:

    [[12, &#39;tall&#39;, &#39;blue&#39;, 1],
    [2, &#39;short&#39;, &#39;red&#39;, 9],
    [4, &#39;tall&#39;, &#39;blue&#39;, 13]]

If I wanted to sort by one element, say the tall/short element, I could do it via `s = sorted(s, key = itemgetter(1))`.

If I wanted to sort by *both* tall/short and colour, I could do the sort twice, once for each element, but is there a quicker way?

Sort a list by multiple attributes?

Is there a way to launch an IPython shell or prompt when my program runs a line that raises an exception?

I&#39;m mostly interested in the context, variables, in the scope (and subscopes) where the exception was raised. Something like Visual Studio&#39;s debugging, when an exception is thrown but not caught by anyone, Visual Studio will halt and give me the call stack and the variables present at every level.

Do you think there&#39;s a way to get something similar using IPython?

**EDIT:** The `-pdb` option when launching IPython doesn&#39;t seem do what I want (or maybe I don&#39;t know how to use it properly, which is entirely possible). I run the following script : 

    def func():
        z = 2
        g = &#39;b&#39;
        raise NameError(&quot;This error will not be caught, but IPython still&quot;
                        &quot;won&#39;t summon pdb, and I won&#39;t be able to consult&quot;
                        &quot;the z or g variables.&quot;)
        
    x = 1
    y = &#39;a&#39;
    
    func()

Using the command : 

    ipython -pdb exceptionTest.py

Which stops execution when the error is raised, but brings me an IPython prompt where I have access to the global variables of the script, but not the local variables of function func. `pdb` is only invoked when I directly type a command in ipython that causes an error, i.e. `raise NameError(&quot;This, sent from the IPython prompt, will trigger pdb.&quot;)`.

I don&#39;t necessarily need to use `pdb`, I&#39;d just like to have access to the variables inside `func`.

**EDIT 2:** It has been a while, IPython&#39;s `-pdb` option is now working just as I want it to. That means when I raise an exception I can go back in the scope of `func` and read its variables `z` and `g` without any problem. Even without setting the `-pdb` option, one can run IPython in interactive mode then call the magic function `%debug` after the program has exit with error -- that will also drop you into an interactive ipdb prompt with all scopes accessibles. 

Launch an IPython shell on exception

How do I get the `&#39;state&#39;` of a `Tkinter Checkbutton`? By `&#39;state&#39;` I mean get whether or not it has a check mark in it or not. 

Getting Checkbutton state

`max(float(&#39;nan&#39;), 1)` evaluates to nan

`max(1, float(&#39;nan&#39;))` evaluates to 1

Is it the intended behavior?


----------
Thanks for the answers.

`max` raises an exception when the iterable is empty. Why wouldn&#39;t Python&#39;s `max` raise an exception when `nan` is present? Or at least do something useful, like return `nan` or ignore `nan`. The current behavior is very unsafe and seems completely unreasonable.

I found an even more surprising consequence of this behavior, so I just posted a [related question][1].


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4240050/python-sort-function-breaks-in-the-presence-of-nan

Python: max/min builtin functions depend on parameter order

Currently I am working on a python project that contains sub modules and uses numpy/scipy. Ipython is used as interactive console. Unfortunately I am not very happy with workflow that I am using right now, I would appreciate some advice.

In IPython, the framework is loaded by a simple `import` command. However, it is often necessary to change code in one of the submodules of the framework. At this point a model is already loaded and I use IPython to interact with it. 

Now, the framework contains many modules that depend on each other, i.e. when the framework is initially loaded the main module is importing and configuring the submodules.  The changes to the code are only executed if the module is reloaded using `reload(main_mod.sub_mod)`. This is cumbersome as I need to reload all changed modules individually using the full path. It would be very convenient if `reload(main_module)` would also reload all sub modules, but without reloading numpy/scipy..

Reloading submodules in IPython

By default, during debugging in IPython, [ipdb][1] shows one line above and one line below the current position in code.  

Is there an easy way to make the area shown a bit bigger? I&#39;d think it would be configurable, but haven&#39;t been able to find it.

  [1]: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/ipdb


How can I make ipdb show more lines of context while debugging?

If I import a module defining a class of the same name belonging to a package, it is imported as a Class, not a Module because of the \_\_init\_\_.py of the parent package. See [different import results at different directories][1] for details. In Python shell or ipython shell, if I do

`from MyPak import MyMod`

MyModule is always imported as Class thus I can not reload it (reload() works only for modules). Run 

`from MyPak import MyMod`

again does not seem to update the Class definition. Could anyone suggest a way to update the class in python shell? 

ps. without restarting the python interpreter. 

**pps**. Just in case you have the code in hand and want to test it: I am actually talking about BioPython, and I am working on Bio.PDB.PDBParser. I have an ipython shell (v0.10) and edit PDBParser.py. Just got no way to reload it in ipython.

so here is what I did:

    # start ipython v0.10
    import Bio
    from Bio.PDB import PDBParser
    p = PDBParser()
    s = p.get_structure()
    # then I make changes,e.g. simply print some text, in PDBParser.py
    del Bio
    del PDBParser
    del s
    import Bio  # or reload(Bio) without deleting all the objects
    from Bio.PDB import PDBParser
    p = PDBParser()
    s = p.get_structure() # expected output after change not seen :(

I could not see the printed text. The changes were not applied somehow. 

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6945592/different-import-results-at-different-directories

how to reload a Class in python shell?

It&#39;s really irritating that every time I type `exit()`, I get prompted with a confirmation to exit; of course I want to exit! Otherwise, I would not have written `exit()`!!!

Is there a way to override IPython&#39;s default behaviour to make it exit without a prompt?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	igorgue	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Sven Marnach	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	matlabdbuser	View Answer on Stackoverflow

What are the differences between ipython and bpython?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Interactively validating Entry widget content in tkinter

Static files in Flask - robot.txt, sitemap.xml (mod_wsgi)

Attributions