    def do_POST(self):
    	ctype, pdict = cgi.parse_header(self.headers.getheader(&#39;content-type&#39;))
    	if ctype == &#39;multipart/form-data&#39;:
    		postvars = cgi.parse_multipart(self.rfile, pdict)
    	elif ctype == &#39;application/x-www-form-urlencoded&#39;:
    		length = int(self.headers.getheader(&#39;content-length&#39;))
    		postvars = cgi.parse_qs(self.rfile.read(length), keep_blank_values=1)
    	else:
    		postvars = {}
        ...

Here&#39;s  my version of this code that should work on Python 2.7 and 3.2:

    from sys import version as python_version
    from cgi import parse_header, parse_multipart

    if python_version.startswith(&#39;3&#39;):
        from urllib.parse import parse_qs
        from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
    else:
        from urlparse import parse_qs
        from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
    
    class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    
        ...
    
        def parse_POST(self):
            ctype, pdict = parse_header(self.headers[&#39;content-type&#39;])
            if ctype == &#39;multipart/form-data&#39;:
                postvars = parse_multipart(self.rfile, pdict)
            elif ctype == &#39;application/x-www-form-urlencoded&#39;:
                length = int(self.headers[&#39;content-length&#39;])
                postvars = parse_qs(
                        self.rfile.read(length), 
                        keep_blank_values=1)
            else:
                postvars = {}
            return postvars
    
        def do_POST(self):
            postvars = self.parse_POST()
            ...

        ...

I&#39;m looking to hear some best practices...

Assuming a web application that interacts with a few different production servers (databases, etc.)... should the configuration files that include database passwords be stored in source control (e.g., git, svn)?

If not, what&#39;s the best way to keep track of server database (or other related) passwords that your application needs access to?

**Edit:** added a bounty to encourage more discussion and to hear what more people consider best practice.

Should server/database config files, including passwords, be stored in source control?

let&#39;s say I have a column on my table defined the following:

    &quot;MyColumn&quot; smallint NULL

Storing a value like 0, 1 or something else should need 2 bytes (1). But how much space is needed if I set &quot;MyColumn&quot; to NULL? Will it need 0 bytes?

Are there some additional needed bytes for administration purpose or such things for every column/row?


(1) http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/interactive/datatype-numeric.html



How much disk-space is needed to store a NULL value using postgresql DB?

given the simplest HTTP server, how do I get post variables in a BaseHTTPRequestHandler?

    from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
    
    class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
        def do_POST(self):
            # post variables?!

    server = HTTPServer((&#39;&#39;, 4444), Handler)
    server.serve_forever()

    # test with:
    # curl -d &quot;param1=value1&amp;param2=value2&quot; http://localhost:4444

I would simply like to able to get the values of param1 and param2. Thanks!

Python: How do I get key/value pairs from the BaseHTTPRequestHandler HTTP POST handler?

given the simplest HTTP server, how do I get post variables in a BaseHTTPRequestHandler?
<pre><code class="hljs language-python">from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer

class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
 def do_POST(self):
 # post variables?!

server = HTTPServer(('', 4444), Handler)
server.serve_forever()

# test with:
# curl -d "param1=value1&#x26;param2=value2" http://localhost:4444
</code></pre>
I would simply like to able to get the values of param1 and param2. Thanks!

I have a list of lists:

    [[12, &#39;tall&#39;, &#39;blue&#39;, 1],
    [2, &#39;short&#39;, &#39;red&#39;, 9],
    [4, &#39;tall&#39;, &#39;blue&#39;, 13]]

If I wanted to sort by one element, say the tall/short element, I could do it via `s = sorted(s, key = itemgetter(1))`.

If I wanted to sort by *both* tall/short and colour, I could do the sort twice, once for each element, but is there a quicker way?

Sort a list by multiple attributes?

Is there a way to launch an IPython shell or prompt when my program runs a line that raises an exception?

I&#39;m mostly interested in the context, variables, in the scope (and subscopes) where the exception was raised. Something like Visual Studio&#39;s debugging, when an exception is thrown but not caught by anyone, Visual Studio will halt and give me the call stack and the variables present at every level.

Do you think there&#39;s a way to get something similar using IPython?

**EDIT:** The `-pdb` option when launching IPython doesn&#39;t seem do what I want (or maybe I don&#39;t know how to use it properly, which is entirely possible). I run the following script : 

    def func():
        z = 2
        g = &#39;b&#39;
        raise NameError(&quot;This error will not be caught, but IPython still&quot;
                        &quot;won&#39;t summon pdb, and I won&#39;t be able to consult&quot;
                        &quot;the z or g variables.&quot;)
        
    x = 1
    y = &#39;a&#39;
    
    func()

Using the command : 

    ipython -pdb exceptionTest.py

Which stops execution when the error is raised, but brings me an IPython prompt where I have access to the global variables of the script, but not the local variables of function func. `pdb` is only invoked when I directly type a command in ipython that causes an error, i.e. `raise NameError(&quot;This, sent from the IPython prompt, will trigger pdb.&quot;)`.

I don&#39;t necessarily need to use `pdb`, I&#39;d just like to have access to the variables inside `func`.

**EDIT 2:** It has been a while, IPython&#39;s `-pdb` option is now working just as I want it to. That means when I raise an exception I can go back in the scope of `func` and read its variables `z` and `g` without any problem. Even without setting the `-pdb` option, one can run IPython in interactive mode then call the magic function `%debug` after the program has exit with error -- that will also drop you into an interactive ipdb prompt with all scopes accessibles. 

Launch an IPython shell on exception

How do I get the `&#39;state&#39;` of a `Tkinter Checkbutton`? By `&#39;state&#39;` I mean get whether or not it has a check mark in it or not. 

Getting Checkbutton state

`max(float(&#39;nan&#39;), 1)` evaluates to nan

`max(1, float(&#39;nan&#39;))` evaluates to 1

Is it the intended behavior?


----------
Thanks for the answers.

`max` raises an exception when the iterable is empty. Why wouldn&#39;t Python&#39;s `max` raise an exception when `nan` is present? Or at least do something useful, like return `nan` or ignore `nan`. The current behavior is very unsafe and seems completely unreasonable.

I found an even more surprising consequence of this behavior, so I just posted a [related question][1].


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4240050/python-sort-function-breaks-in-the-presence-of-nan

Python: max/min builtin functions depend on parameter order

Is there any clever solution to store static files in Flask&#39;s application root directory.
robots.txt and sitemap.xml are expected to be found in /, so my idea was to create routes for them:

    @app.route(&#39;/sitemap.xml&#39;, methods=[&#39;GET&#39;])
    def sitemap():
      response = make_response(open(&#39;sitemap.xml&#39;).read())
      response.headers[&quot;Content-type&quot;] = &quot;text/plain&quot;
      return response

There must be something more convenient :)

Static files in Flask - robot.txt, sitemap.xml (mod_wsgi)

I am wondering if anyone can share with me an example of multipart/form-data that contains:

 1. Some form parameters
 2. Multiple files

Example of multipart/form-data

I&#39;m looking for a quick, easy and reliable way of getting the browser&#39;s **HTTP Referrer** in **ASP.Net** (**C#**).  I know the HTTP Referrer itself is unreliable, but I do want a reliable way of getting the referrer if it *is* present.

Getting the HTTP Referrer in ASP.NET

Is there any way to add HTTP header to `NSURLRequest` object? I used to add them in `NSMutableURLRequest` using:

    [request addValue:@&quot;PC&quot; forHTTPHeaderField:@&quot;machineName&quot;]




Add HTTP Header to NSURLRequest

 1. According to the &quot;REST ideology&quot; what should be in the response body for a PUT/POST/DELETE requests?

 2. What about return codes? Is `HTTP_OK` enough?

 3. What is the reason for such conventions, if any?

I&#39;ve found a good post describing POST/PUT differences: [POST vs PUT][1]
But it still doesn&#39;t answer my question.

  [1]: http://www.elharo.com/blog/software-development/web-development/2005/12/08/post-vs-put/ 

What REST PUT/POST/DELETE calls should return by a convention?

I&#39;m trying to find Java&#39;s equivalent to Groovy&#39;s:

    String content = &quot;http://www.google.com&quot;.toURL().getText();

I want to read content from a URL into string.  I don&#39;t want to pollute my code with buffered streams and loops for such a simple task.  I looked into apache&#39;s HttpClient but I also don&#39;t see a one or two line implementation.
 

Read url to string in few lines of java code

I&#39;m working with PHP, and I&#39;m making an action page which a form posts to. The page checks for errors, then if everything is fine, it redirects them to the page where the data has been posted. If not, I need to to redirect them back to the page they were at with an error and the POST variables. Here is the gist of how it works.

The HTML would look like this...

    &lt;form name=&quot;example&quot; action=&quot;action.php&quot; method=&quot;POST&quot;&gt;
      &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;one&quot;&gt;
      &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;two&quot;&gt;
      &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;three&quot;&gt;
      &lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;Submit!&quot;&gt;
    &lt;/form&gt;

action.php would look like this...

    if(error_check($_POST[&#39;one&#39;]) == true){
        header(&#39;Location: form.php&#39;);
        // Here is where I need the data to POST back to the form page.
    } else {
        // function to insert data into database
        header(&#39;Location: posted.php&#39;);
    }

In the case of an error, I need it to POST back to the first page.
I can&#39;t use GET, because the input will be too large.
I don&#39;t want to use SESSION, if possible.
Is this possible? 

PHP header() redirect with POST variables

How to read if a checkbox is checked in PHP?

I&#39;m looking for a solution to POSTing an array of objects to MVC3 via JSON.

Example code I&#39;m working off of:
http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2010/07/27/introducing-asp-net-mvc-3-preview-1.aspx

JS:

    var data = { ItemList: [ {Str: &#39;hi&#39;, Enabled: true} ], X: 1, Y: 2 };

    $.ajax({
        url: &#39;/list/save&#39;,
        data: JSON.stringify(data),
        success: success,
        error: error,
        type: &#39;POST&#39;,
        contentType: &#39;application/json, charset=utf-8&#39;,
        dataType: &#39;json&#39;
    });

ListViewModel.cs:

    public class ListViewModel
    {
        public List&lt;ItemViewModel&gt; ItemList { get; set; }
        public float X { get; set; }
        public float Y { get; set; }
    }

ItemViewModel.cs:

    public class ItemViewModel
    {
        public string Str;   // originally posted with: { get; set; }
        public bool Enabled; // originally posted with: { get; set; }
    }

ListController.cs:

    public ActionResult Save(ListViewModel list)
    {
        // Do something
    }

The result of this POST:

list is set, to a ListViewModel  
Its X and Y properties are set  
The underlying ItemList property is set  
The ItemList contains one item, as it should  
The item in that ItemList is uninitialized. Str is null and Enabled is false.  

Put another way, this is what I get from MVC3&#39;s model binding:

    list.X == 1
    list.Y == 2
    list.ItemList != null
    list.ItemList.Count == 1
    list.ItemList[0] != null
    list.ItemList[0].Str == null

It would appear the MVC3 JsonValueProvider is not working for complex objects. How do I get this to work? Do I need to modify the existing MVC3 JsonValueProvider and fix it? If so, how do I get at it and replace it in an MVC3 project?


Related StackOverflow questions I&#39;ve already pursued to no avail:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2203912/asp-net-mvc-ajax-json-post-array
Uses MVC2 and older form-based encoding - that approach fails with an object that contains an array of objects (JQuery fails to encode it properly).

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/760249/post-an-array-of-complex-objects-with-json-jquery-to-asp-net-mvc-controller
Uses a hack I&#39;d like to avoid where the Controller instead receives a plain string which it then manually deserializes itself, rather than leveraging the framework.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4627985/mvc3-rc2-json-post-binding-not-working-correctly
Didn&#39;t have his content-type set - it&#39;s set in my code.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/320291/how-to-post-an-array-of-complex-objects-with-json-jquery-to-asp-net-mvc-controll
This poor guy had to write a JsonFilter just to parse an array. Another hack I&#39;d prefer to avoid.

So, how do I make this happen?

Post an Array of Objects via JSON to ASP.Net MVC3

I am trying to send data from a form to a database. Here is the form I am using:

    &lt;form name=&quot;foo&quot; action=&quot;form.php&quot; method=&quot;POST&quot; id=&quot;foo&quot;&gt;
        &lt;label for=&quot;bar&quot;&gt;A bar&lt;/label&gt;
        &lt;input id=&quot;bar&quot; name=&quot;bar&quot; type=&quot;text&quot; value=&quot;&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;Send&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;/form&gt;

The typical approach would be to submit the form, but this causes the browser to redirect. Using jQuery and [Ajax][1], is it possible to capture all of the form&#39;s data and submit it to a PHP script (an example, *form.php*)?

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_%28programming%29


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	pistacchio	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	adw	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	d33tah	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Python: How do I get key/value pairs from the BaseHTTPRequestHandler HTTP POST handler?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

How much disk-space is needed to store a NULL value using postgresql DB?

Should server/database config files, including passwords, be stored in source control?

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