`chmod u+x program_name`. Then execute it.

If that does not work, copy the program from the USB device to a native volume on the system. Then `chmod u+x program_name` on the local copy and execute that.

Unix and Unix-like systems generally will not execute a program unless it is marked with permission to execute. The way you copied the file from one system to another (or mounted an external volume) may have turned off execute permission (as a safety feature). The command `chmod u+x name` adds permission for the user that owns the file to execute it.

That command only changes the permissions associated with the file; it does not change the security controls associated with the entire volume. If it is security controls on the volume that are interfering with execution (for example, a `noexec` option may be specified for a volume in the Unix `fstab` file, which says not to allow execute permission for files on the volume), then you can remount the volume with options to allow execution. However, copying the file to a local volume may be a quicker and easier solution.

Try this:

    sudo chmod +x program_name
    ./program_name 

Sounds like you don&#39;t have the execute flag set on the file permissions, try: 

    chmod u+x program_name

I am looking at TypeScript code and noticed that they use:

    interface Blablabla {

       field: Object;

    }

What is the benefit of using `Object` vs `any`, as in:

    interface Blablabla {
   
      field: any;
   
    }


&#39;any&#39; vs &#39;Object&#39;

I use Notepad ++ for coding mostly.

How can I convert capital letters to lowercase and vice versa?



How can I convert uppercase letters to lowercase in Notepad++

I am running Ubuntu on computer 1 and computer 2. I compiled a C++ program on computer 1, and I can execute it from the terminal using `./program_name`. It runs fine.

However, when I try to do this on computer 2, it says: `bash: ./program_name: permission denied`

What&#39;s wrong and what can I do about it?

Ubuntu says &quot;bash: ./program Permission denied&quot;

I am running Ubuntu on computer 1 and computer 2. I compiled a C++ program on computer 1, and I can execute it from the terminal using <code>./program_name</code>. It runs fine.
However, when I try to do this on computer 2, it says: <code>bash: ./program_name: permission denied</code>
What's wrong and what can I do about it?

I got a text file `file.txt` (12 MB) containing:

    something1
    something2
    something3
    something4
    (...)

Is there a way to split `file.txt` into 12 *.txt files, let’s say `file2.txt`, `file3.txt`, `file4.txt`, etc.?






How can I split one text file into multiple *.txt files?

I am on ubuntu 13.04, bash, python2.7.4

**The interpreter doesn&#39;t see variables I set.**

Here is an example:

    $ echo $A
    5
    $ python -c &#39;import os; print os.getenv( &quot;A&quot; )&#39;
    None
    $ python -c &#39;import os; print os.environ[ &quot;A&quot; ]&#39;
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;&lt;string&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
      File &quot;/usr/lib/python2.7/UserDict.py&quot;, line 23, in __getitem__
        raise KeyError(key)
    KeyError: &#39;A&#39;

But everything works fine with the `PATH` variable:

    $ echo $PATH 
    /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
    $ python -c &#39;import os; print os.getenv(&quot;PATH&quot;)&#39;
    /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

And it notices changes in `PATH`:

    $ PATH=&quot;/home/alex/tests/:$PATH&quot;
    $ echo $PATH 
    /home/alex/tests/:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
    $ python -c &#39;import os; print os.getenv(&quot;PATH&quot;)&#39;
    /home/alex/tests/:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

What could be wrong?

PS  the problem comes when using `$PYTHONPATH`:

    $ python -c &#39;import os; print os.getenv(&quot;PYTHONPATH&quot;)&#39;
    None


python - os.getenv and os.environ don&#39;t see environment variables of my bash shell

Is there a list of all the `if` switches for use in Bash scripting? Sometimes I see someone using it and I wonder what the switch they&#39;re using actually does.

An example is the `-z` in this one. I know how to use it, but I don&#39;t know where it was derived from.


    if [ -z &quot;$BASH_VERSION&quot; ]; then
        echo -e &quot;Error: this script requires the BASH shell!&quot;
        exit 1
    fi

Any references, guides, posts, answers would be appreciated.



Is there a list of &#39;if&#39; switches anywhere?

I found some ways to pass external shell variables to an `awk` script, but I&#39;m confused about `&#39;` and `&quot;`.

First, I tried with a shell script:

    $ v=123test
    $ echo $v
    123test
    $ echo &quot;$v&quot;
    123test

Then tried awk:

    $ awk &#39;BEGIN{print &quot;&#39;$v&#39;&quot;}&#39;
    $ 123test
    $ awk &#39;BEGIN{print &#39;&quot;$v&quot;&#39;}&#39;
    $ 123

Why is the difference?

Lastly I tried this:

    $ awk &#39;BEGIN{print &quot; &#39;$v&#39; &quot;}&#39;
    $  123test
    $ awk &#39;BEGIN{print &#39; &quot;$v&quot; &#39;}&#39;
    awk: cmd. line:1: BEGIN{print
    awk: cmd. line:1:             ^ unexpected newline or end of string 

I&#39;m confused about this.

How do I use shell variables in an awk script?

Can someone explain why I get exit code 141 from the below? 

    #!/usr/bin/bash

    set -o pipefail
    
    zfs list | grep tank
    echo a ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
    
    zfs list | grep -q tank
    echo b ${PIPESTATUS[@]}

    cat /etc/passwd | grep -q root
    echo c ${PIPESTATUS[@]}

I get

    ...
    a 0 0
    b 141 0
    c 0 0

From my understanding exit code 141 is a failure, but the line above gives zero, so it should be success, I would say.





Why exit code 141 with grep -q?

I am currently trying out the fish shell instead of using bash. One type of notation I&#39;m having trouble learning the fish-equivalent notation for is `$(command)`, similar to how it is described in [this SOF post](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4708549/shell-programming-whats-the-difference-between-command-and-command). How do I write this using fish? Keep in mind that I could use backslash characters around the command I want to evaluate, but the linked post and other posts discourage this because it is an old style of evaluating commands.

Specifically, this is the bash command I want to convert to fish syntax (for initializing *rbenv* during startup of the shell):

    eval &quot;$(rbenv init -)&quot;

Fish equivalent of bash $(command) notation

How do I `grep` a file for `19:55` and get the Line 1,2,3,4,5?

    2013/10/08 19:55:27.471
    Line 1
    Line 2
    Line 3
    Line 4
    Line 5

    2013/10/08 19:55:29.566
    Line 1
    Line 2
    Line 3
    Line 4
    Line 5



How do you grep a file and get the next 5 lines

I have an ansible task which creates a new user on ubuntu 12.04;
  

    - name: Add deployment user
        action: user name=deployer password=mypassword

it completes as expected but when I login as that user and try to sudo with the password I set it always says it&#39;s incorrect. What am I doing wrong?

Creating a new user and password with Ansible

I am trying to get a specific line from a text file.

So far, online I have only seen stuff like sed, (I can only use the sh -not bash or sed or anything like that). I need to do this only using a basic shell script.

    cat file | while read line
    	do
    	   #do something
    	done

I know how to iterate through lines, as shown above, but what if I just need to get the contents of a particular line


Get specific line from text file using just shell script

I&#39;m studying the content of this **preinst** file that the script executes before that package is unpacked from its Debian archive (.deb) file.

The script has the following code:

    #!/bin/bash
    set -e
    # Automatically added by dh_installinit
    if [ &quot;$1&quot; = install ]; then
       if [ -d /usr/share/MyApplicationName ]; then
         echo &quot;MyApplicationName is just installed&quot;
         return 1
       fi
       rm -Rf $HOME/.config/nautilus-actions/nautilus-actions.conf
       rm -Rf $HOME/.local/share/file-manager/actions/*
    fi
    # End automatically added section

My first query is about the line:

    set -e

I think that the rest of the script is pretty simple: It checks whether the Debian/Ubuntu package manager is executing an install operation. If it is, it checks whether my application has just been installed on the system. If it has, the script prints the message **&quot;MyApplicationName is just installed&quot;** and ends (`return 1` mean that ends with an “error”, doesn’t it?).

If the user is asking the Debian/Ubuntu package system to install my package, the script also deletes two directories.

Is this right or am I missing something?

What does set -e mean in a bash script?

I am new with unix and I am writing a shell script. 

When I run this line on the command prompt, it prints the total count of the number of processes which matches:

    ps -ef | awk &#39;/siebsvc –s siebsrvr/ &amp;&amp; !/awk/ { a++ } END { print a }&#39;

example, the output of the above line is 2 in the command prompt. 

I want to write a shell script in which the output of the above line (2) is assigned to a variable, which will be later be used for comparison in an if statement. 

I am looking for something like
 
    output= `ps -ef | awk &#39;/siebsvc –s siebsrvr/ &amp;&amp; !/awk/ { a++ } END { print a }&#39;`
    echo $output

But when i run it, it says output could not be found whereas I am expecting 2. Please help.

Assigning the output of a command to a variable

I want to recursively iterate through a directory and change the extension of all files of a certain extension, say `.t1` to `.t2`. What is the bash command for doing this?

Recursively change file extensions in Bash

Is there any clever way to run a local Bash function on a remote host over ssh?

For example:

    #!/bin/bash
    #Definition of the function
    f () {  ls -l; }
    
    #I want to use the function locally
    f
    
    #Execution of the function on the remote machine.
    ssh user@host f

    #Reuse of the same function on another machine.
    ssh user@host2 f

Yeah, I know it doesn&#39;t work, but is there a way to achieve this?


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Kian	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Bash	Eric Postpischil	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Bash	Vitor Villar	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Bash	Sam Roberts	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Ubuntu says "bash: ./program Permission denied"

Bash Problem Overview

Bash Solutions

Solution 1 - Bash

Solution 2 - Bash

Solution 3 - Bash

How can I convert uppercase letters to lowercase in Notepad++

'any' vs 'Object'

Attributions