In PHP, variable and constant names are case sensitive, while function names are not.

As far as I am aware, PHP is the only language in which this happens. All other languages I have used are either totally case sensitive or totally case insensitive.

Why is PHP _partially_ case senstive?

Please note, that I am not asking _which_ names are case sensitive, but _why_.

__Update__

I thought I might add, for the benefit of those who think I am asking _which_, the following list:

__Case Sensitive__

- Strings
- Variables
- Object Properties
- Constants, by default

__Case Insensitive__

- Key Words etc
- Functions
- Object Methods
- Constants, if defined accordingly
- Class Names

Note:

- Classes are thus a mixed bag:
	- The `class` keyword is case insensitive
    - Class names are case insensitive, for declaration, instantiation, and static calls
	- Class methods, being functions, are case insensitive
	- Class properties, being variables &amp; constants, are case sensitive
- Because Strings are case sensitive, anything that relies on strings, such as array keys and values, is also case sensitive

PHP &amp; Case Sensitivity

How can I check to see if a database in SQL Server is case-sensitive? I have previously been running the query:

    SELECT CASE WHEN &#39;A&#39; = &#39;a&#39; THEN &#39;NOT CASE SENSITIVE&#39; ELSE &#39;CASE SENSITIVE&#39; END

But I am looking for other ways as this has actually given me issues in the past.

Edit - A little more info:
An existing product has many pre-written stored procedures. In a stored procedure `@test != @TEST` depending on the sensitivity of the server itself. So what I&#39;m looking for is the best way to check the server for its sensitivity.

SQL Server check case-sensitivity?

Are indices *(indexes)* defined as UNIQUE case sensitive in MySQL?

Are UNIQUE indices case sensitive in MySQL?

**Is there a reason why Oracle is case sensitive and others like SQL Server, and MySQL are not by default?**

I know that there are ways to enable/disable case sensitivity, but it just seems weird that oracle differs from other databases.

I&#39;m also trying to understand reasons for case sensitivity. I can see where &quot;Table&quot; and &quot;TaBlE&quot; can be considered equivalent and not equivalent, but is there an example where case sensitivity would actually make a difference?

I&#39;m somewhat new to databases and am currently taking a class.

Reason why oracle is case sensitive?

In SQLite it is possible to change the case sensitive behaviour of &#39;LIKE&#39; by using the commands:

    PRAGMA case_sensitive_like=ON;
    PRAGMA case_sensitive_like=OFF;

However in my situation I would like to execute a query, part of which is case sensitive and part of which isn&#39;t. For example:

    SELECT * FROM mytable
    WHERE caseSensitiveField like &#39;test%&#39;
    AND caseInsensitiveField like &#39;g2%&#39;

Is this possible?


Case sensitive and insensitive like in SQLite

I&#39;m using Hibernate for ORM of my Java app to an Oracle database (not that the database vendor matters, we may switch to another database one day), and I want to retrieve objects from the database according to user-provided strings. For example, when searching for people, if the user is looking for people who live in &#39;fran&#39;, I want to be able to give her people in San Francisco.

SQL is not my strong suit, and I prefer Hibernate&#39;s &lt;code&gt;Criteria&lt;/code&gt; building code to hard-coded strings as it is. Can anyone point me in the right direction about how to do this in code, and if impossible, how the hard-coded SQL should look like?

Thanks,

Yuval =8-)

Case-insensitive search using Hibernate

While I found similar [question][1] I didn&#39;t find an answer to my problem

When I try to rename the directory from FOO to foo via `git mv FOO foo` I get  

    fatal: renaming &#39;FOO&#39; failed: Invalid argument

OK. So I try `git mv FOO foo2 &amp;&amp; git mv foo2 foo`

But when I try to commit via `git commit .` I get

    # On branch master
    # Untracked files:
    #   (use &quot;git add &lt;file&gt;...&quot; to include in what will be committed)
    #
    # foo
    nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use &quot;git add&quot; to track)

When I add the directory via `git add foo` nothing changes and `git commit .` gives me the same message again. 

What am I doing wrong? I thought I&#39;m using a case-sensitive system (OSX) why can&#39;t I simply rename the directory?


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1596653/how-to-change-case-of-a-file-in-git-under-cygwin

git mv and only change case of directory

The default behaviour of `LIKE` and the other comparison operators, `=` etc is case-sensitive.

Is it possible make them case-insensitive?

Case insensitive searching in Oracle

I use Notepad ++ for coding mostly.

How can I convert capital letters to lowercase and vice versa?



How can I convert uppercase letters to lowercase in Notepad++

Is SQL case sensitive.  I&#39;ve used MySQL and SQL Server which both seem to be case in-sensitive.  Is this always the case?  Does the standard define case-sensitivity? 

Is SQL syntax case sensitive?

I have a db table say, `persons` in Postgres handed down by another team that has a column name say, `&quot;first_Name&quot;`. Now am trying to use PG commander to query this table on this column-name.

    select * from persons where first_Name=&quot;xyz&quot;;

And it just returns

&gt;  ERROR:  column &quot;first_Name&quot; does not exist

Not sure if I am doing something silly or is there a workaround to this problem that I am missing?

Are PostgreSQL column names case-sensitive?

This has been asked on this site before but I couldn&#39;t find a sufficient answer. If I&#39;m doing a query like:

    Select Seller from Table where Location = &#39;San Jose&#39;

How can I make it return only Sellers with Location &#39;San Jose&#39; instead of &#39;san jose&#39; or something else?

MySQL case sensitive query

Are table names in MySQL case sensitive?

On my Windows development machine the code I have is able to query my tables which appear to be all lowercase. When I deploy to the test server in our datacenter the table names appear to start with an uppercase letter.

The servers we use are all on Ubuntu.




Are table names in MySQL case sensitive?

I am trying to rename a file to have different capitalization from what it had before:

    git mv src/collision/b2AABB.js src/collision/B2AABB.js
    fatal: destination exists, source=src/collision/b2AABB.js, destination=src/collision/B2AABB.js

As you can see, Git throws a fit over this. I tried renaming using just the plain old `mv` command as well, but Git doesn&#39;t pick up the rename (as a rename *or* as a new untracked file).

How can I change a file to have a different capitalization of the same name? I am on Mac&amp;nbsp;OS&amp;nbsp;X&amp;nbsp;v10.7.3 (Lion) with Git 1.7.9.1 using [Z shell][1] (zsh) 4.3.15.

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_shell





Changing capitalization of filenames in Git

In Java, when doing a replaceAll to look for a regex pattern like:

    replaceAll(&quot;\\?i\\b(\\w+)\\b(\\s+\\1)+\\b&quot;, &quot;$1&quot;); 

(to remove duplicate consecutive case-insensitive words, e.g. Test test), I&#39;m not sure where I put the `?i`.  I read that it is supposed to be at the beginning, but if I take it out then i catch duplicate consecutive words (e.g. test test), but not case-insensitive words (e.g. Test test).  So I thought I could add the ?i in the beginning but that does not seem to get the job done.  Any thoughts?  Thanks!

Is Java RegEx case-insensitive?

Are there any *formal* recommendations on element casing in XML?

I know XHTML uses lowercase element names (as opposed to HTML which canonically uses uppercase but is case-insensitive.)

But I&#39;m talking about XML for generic content.

## lowercase: ##

    &lt;customer&gt; 
       &lt;accountnumber&gt;619&lt;/accountnumber&gt;
       &lt;name&gt;Shelby Lake&lt;/name&gt;
    &lt;/customer&gt;

## camelCase: ##
    &lt;customer&gt; 
       &lt;accountNumber&gt;619&lt;/accountNumber&gt;
       &lt;name&gt;Shelby Lake&lt;/name&gt;
    &lt;/customer&gt;

## PascalCase: ##
    &lt;Customer&gt; 
       &lt;AccountNumber&gt;619&lt;/AccountNumber&gt;
       &lt;Name&gt;Shelby Lake&lt;/Name&gt;
    &lt;/Customer&gt;

## UPPERCASE: ##
    &lt;CUSTOMER&gt; 
       &lt;ACCOUNTNUMBER&gt;619&lt;/ACCOUNTNUMBER&gt;
       &lt;NAME&gt;Shelby Lake&lt;/NAME&gt;
    &lt;/CUSTOMER&gt;

**Note:** I&#39;m looking for cited guidelines rather than opinions. But the opinion with the most up-votes can be considered a guideline.

Case conventions on element names?

I&#39;m not trying to start an argument here, but for whatever reason, it&#39;s typically stated that Visual Basic is case insensitive and C languages aren&#39;t (and somehow that is a good thing).

But here&#39;s my question: Where exactly is Visual Basic case insensitive? When I type...

    Dim ss As String
    Dim SS As String

...into the [Visual&amp;nbsp;Studio&amp;nbsp;2008][6] or [Visual Studio 2010][8] IDE, the second one has a warning of &quot;*Local variable `SS` is already declared in the current block*&quot;. In the VBA VBE, it doesn&#39;t immediately kick an error, but rather just auto-corrects the case.

Am I missing something here with this argument that Visual Basic is not case sensitive? (Also, if you know or care to answer, why would that be a bad thing?)

***Why am I even asking this question?***

I&#39;ve used Visual Basic in many of its
dialects for years now, sometimes as
a hobbyist, sometimes for small
business-related programs in a
workgroup. As of the last six months,
I&#39;ve been working on a big project,
much bigger than I anticipated. Much
of the sample source code out there
is in C#. I don&#39;t have any burning
desire to learn C#, but if there are
things I&#39;m missing out on that C#
offers that Visual Basic doesn&#39;t (an opposite
would be VB.NET offers [XML Literals][3]), then I&#39;d like to know
more about that feature. So in this
case, it&#39;s often argued that C
languages are case sensitive and
that&#39;s good and Visual Basic is case
insensitive and that is bad. I&#39;d
like to know...

 1. How exactly is Visual Basic
        case insensitive since every
        single example in the code editor
        becomes case sensitive (meaning
        the case gets corrected) whether I want
        it or not.
 2. Is this compelling enough for me to
    consider moving to C# if VB.NET case
    is somehow limiting what I could do
    with code?

  [3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Literals
  [6]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio#Visual_Studio_2008
  [8]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio#Visual_Studio_2010


Is VB really case insensitive?

**Short question**

  Is XML case-sensitive?

**Longer question**

For example:

    &lt;Shirt color=&quot;Red&quot;/&gt;

The attribute color is of type `string` that may contain a set of valid colors (`Red`, `Blue` and `Green`).

To validate the XML, I used the following XSD:

      &lt;xs:simpleType name=&quot;ColorType&quot;&gt;
        &lt;xs:restriction base=&quot;xs:string&quot;&gt;
          &lt;xs:enumeration value=&quot;Red&quot;/&gt;
          &lt;xs:enumeration value=&quot;Blue&quot;/&gt;
          &lt;xs:enumeration value=&quot;Green&quot;/&gt;
        &lt;/xs:restriction&gt;
      &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;

Am I *expected* to accept different case variations of Red, Blue and Green? Or XML is widely accepted as case-sensitive?

Is XML case-sensitive?

I was digging through some code, and I found some calls to `mySQL_fetch_array`. Is PHP case sensitive about function names? I recall reading this somewhere but can&#39;t seem to find any reference to it.

Are PHP functions case sensitive?

In the first commitment of my partial called `_Electronics` it was written beginning with a capital letters, then I changed it to `_electronics`.

Git under cygwin ignored the case after commiting the new name, so I changed the name by hand in the target repo.

Now it sometimes changes the commited `_electronics` partial to `_Electronics`.

What have I done wrong?

Is git not case sensitive?

I&#39;ve run into a problem with git. Basically I set to false `core.ignorecase` because I wanted to change the case of the names of some folders (since I&#39;m under OSX with a case-insensitive filesystem, the changes weren&#39;t shown otherwise). When I pulled my data, I&#39;ve noticed that now every renamed folder appears twice on the repository, with both the old and the new name. I don&#39;t know what to do to remove the old folders since they don&#39;t appear locally (I&#39;ve try to set `core.ignorecase` to true again but it isn&#39;t helping).

Case sensitivity in Git

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; [Mysql Like Case Sensitive](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8083455/mysql-like-case-sensitive)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

Mysql ignores case for its LIKE comparisons.

How can you force it to perform case-sensitive LIKE comparisons?

How do you force mysql LIKE to be case sensitive?

I have the following:

&lt;!-- language: lang-js --&gt;

    if (referrer.indexOf(&quot;Ral&quot;) == -1) { ... }

What I like to do is to make `Ral` case insensitive, so that it can be `RAl`, `rAl`, etc. and still match.

Is there a way to say that `Ral` has to be case-insensitive? 

Contains case insensitive

In Python, I can compile a regular expression to be case-insensitive using `re.compile`:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; s = &#39;TeSt&#39;
    &gt;&gt;&gt; casesensitive = re.compile(&#39;test&#39;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; ignorecase = re.compile(&#39;test&#39;, re.IGNORECASE)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; 
    &gt;&gt;&gt; print casesensitive.match(s)
    None
    &gt;&gt;&gt; print ignorecase.match(s)
    &lt;_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x02F0B608&gt;

Is there a way to do the same, but without using `re.compile`. I can&#39;t find anything like Perl&#39;s `i` suffix (e.g. `m/test/i`) in the documentation.

Case insensitive regular expression without re.compile?

I&#39;m trying to use &quot;contains&quot; case insensitively. I tried using the solution at the following stackoverflow question, but it didn&#39;t work:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/187537/is-there-a-case-insensitive-jquery-contains-selector/187557#187557

*For convenience, the solution is copied here:*

    jQuery.extend(
            jQuery.expr[&#39;:&#39;], { 
                    Contains : &quot;jQuery(a).text().toUpperCase().indexOf(m[3].toUpperCase())&gt;=0&quot; 
    });


*Here is the error:*

    Error: q is not a function
    Source File: /js/jquery-1.4.js?ver=1.4
    Line: 81

*Here&#39;s where I&#39;m using it:*

      $(&#39;input.preset&#39;).keyup(function() {
        $(this).next().find(&quot;li&quot;).removeClass(&quot;bold&quot;);
        var theMatch = $(this).val();
        if (theMatch.length &gt; 1){
          theMatch = &quot;li:Contains(&#39;&quot; + theMatch + &quot;&#39;)&quot;;
          $(this).next().find(theMatch).addClass(&quot;bold&quot;);
        }
      });

My use of the original case sensitive &quot;contains&quot; in the same scenario works without any errors. Does anyone have any ideas? I&#39;d appreciate it.


How do I make jQuery Contains case insensitive, including jQuery 1.8+?

I have changed a few files name by  de-capitalize the first letter, as in `Name.jpg` to `name.jpg`. Git does not recognize this changes and I had to delete the files and upload them again. Is there a way that Git can be case-sensitive when checking for changes in file names? I have not made any changes to the file itself. 

How do I commit case-sensitive only filename changes in Git?

Is the indexOf(String) method case sensitive?  If so, is there a case insensitive version of it?

indexOf Case Sensitive?

I have a set of variables I allow some people I work with to edit. These are True (`T`) and False (`F`) values, but I have some people that insist on putting `t` and `f` instead of the upper case values respectively. 

I use the following workaround code to properly set uppercase values:

    IF &#39;%dotnet35%&#39;==&#39;f&#39; set dotnet35=F
    IF &#39;%dotnet35%&#39;==&#39;t&#39; set dotnet35=T
    IF &#39;%dotnet40%&#39;==&#39;f&#39; set dotnet40=F
    IF &#39;%dotnet40%&#39;==&#39;t&#39; set dotnet40=T
    IF &#39;%regedit%&#39;==&#39;f&#39; set regedit=F
    IF &#39;%regedit%&#39;==&#39;t&#39; set regedit=T
    IF &#39;%SSL%&#39;==&#39;f&#39; set SSL=F
    IF &#39;%SSL%&#39;==&#39;t&#39; set SSL=T

This is however extremely bulky and it&#39;s not easy on the eyes... is there any other way of doing this without using VBS or any other programming language?

Windows batch command to ignore case sensitivity in variables

If I have a column names called `category_id` and `Category_Id`, are they different?

And if I have table called `category` and `Category`, are they different?

 

Are column and table name case sensitive in MySQL?

I&#39;m trying to populate a SQL table with a list of words. The table itself it pretty simple:


    CREATE TABLE WORDS(
      ID BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT, 
      WORD VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL UNIQUE, 
      PRIMARY KEY(ID)
    );

The problem I&#39;m running into is this: when I do the following inserts back to back

    INSERT INTO WORDS(WORD) VALUES(&#39;Seth&#39;);
    INSERT INTO WORDS(WORD) VALUES(&#39;seth&#39;);

The second insert fails with a constraint violation (&quot;Duplicate entry &#39;seth&#39; for key &#39;WORD&#39;&quot;).

How can I get the `UNIQUE` constraint on `WORD` to be case sensitive?

SQL unique varchar case sensitivity question

I have a function that returns five characters with mixed case. If I do a query on this string it will return the value regardless of case.

How can I make MySQL string queries case sensitive?

How can I make SQL case sensitive string comparison on MySQL?

I noticed that 

    HTTP://STACKOVERFLOW.COM/QUESTIONS/ASK

and 

    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask

both works fine - actually the previous one is converted to lowercase.

I think that this makes sense for the user.

If I look at Google then this URL works fine:

    http://www.google.com/intl/en/about/corporate/index.html&#160; 

but this one with &quot;ABOUT&quot; is not working:  

    http://www.google.com/intl/en/ABOUT/corporate/index.html&#160;  

Should the URL be case sensitive?


All Case Sensitive Solutions on Gang of Coders

Total of 32 Case Sensitive Solutions

PHP & Case Sensitivity