In-place edits with sed on OS X

I'd like edit a file with sed on OS X. I'm using the following command:

sed 's/oldword/newword/' file.txt

The output is sent to the terminal. file.txt is not modified. The changes are saved to file2.txt with this command:

sed 's/oldword/newword/' file1.txt > file2.txt

However I don't want another file. I just want to edit file1.txt. How can I do this?

I've tried the -i flag. This results in the following error:

sed: 1: "file1.txt": invalid command code f

You can use the -i flag correctly by providing it with a suffix to add to the backed-up file. Extending your example:

sed -i.bu 's/oldword/newword/' file1.txt

Will give you two files: one with the name file1.txt that contains the substitution, and one with the name file1.txt.bu that has the original content.

Mildly dangerous

If you want to destructively overwrite the original file, use something like:

sed -i '' 's/oldword/newword/' file1.txt
      ^ note the space

Because of the way the line gets parsed, a space is required between the option flag and its argument because the argument is zero-length.

Other than possibly trashing your original, I’m not aware of any further dangers of tricking sed this way. It should be noted, however, that if this invocation of sed is part of a script, The Unix Way™ would (IMHO) be to use sed non-destructively, test that it exited cleanly, and only then remove the extraneous file.

I've similar problem with MacOS

sed -i '' 's/oldword/newword/' file1.txt

doesn't works, but

sed -i"any_symbol" 's/oldword/newword/' file1.txt

works well.

The -i flag probably doesn't work for you, because you followed an example for GNU sed while macOS uses BSD sed and they have a slightly different syntax.

All the other answers tell you how to correct the syntax to work with BSD sed. The alternative is to install GNU sed on your macOS with:

brew install gsed

and then use it instead of the sed version shipped with macOS (note the g prefix), e.g:

gsed -i 's/oldword/newword/' file1.txt

---

If you want GNU sed commands to be always portable to your macOS, you could prepend "gnubin" directory to your path, by adding something like this to your .bashrc/.zshrc file (run brew info gsed to see what exactly you need to do):

export PATH="/usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"

and from then on the GNU sed becomes your default sed and you can simply run:

sed -i 's/oldword/newword/' file1.txt

sed -i -- "s/https/http/g" file.txt

You can use -i'' (--in-place) for sed as already suggested. See: The -i in-place argument, however note that -i option is non-standard FreeBSD extensions and may not be available on other operating systems. Secondly sed is a Stream EDitor, not a file editor.

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Alternative way is to use built-in substitution in Vim Ex mode, like:

$ ex +%s/foo/bar/g -scwq file.txt

and for multiple-files:

$ ex +'bufdo!%s/foo/bar/g' -scxa *.*

^{To edit all files recursively you can use **/*.* if shell supports that (enable by shopt -s globstar).}

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Another way is to use gawk and its new "inplace" extension such as:

$ gawk -i inplace '{ gsub(/foo/, "bar") }; { print }' file1

This creates backup files. E.g. sed -i -e 's/hello/hello world/' testfile for me, creates a backup file, testfile-e, in the same dir.

You can use:

sed -i -e 's/<string-to-find>/<string-to-replace>/' <your-file-path>

Example:

sed -i -e 's/Hello/Bye/' file.txt

This works flawless in Mac.