I found at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3951514/why-is-rake-dbmigratereset-not-listed-in-rake-t (thanks @Beerlington for the link) that `rake -P` lists all tasks, which is what I was looking for.

Only tasks with descriptions set will appear in `rake -T`.

As for why not all tasks have descriptions.... that I don&#39;t know.

I am using Dompdf to create PDF file but I don&#39;t know why it doesn&#39;t save the created PDF to server.

Any ideas?

    require_once(&quot;./pdf/dompdf_config.inc.php&quot;);
		$html =
		  &#39;&lt;html&gt;&lt;body&gt;&#39;.
		  &#39;&lt;p&gt;Put your html here, or generate it with your favourite &#39;.
		  &#39;templating system.&lt;/p&gt;&#39;.
		  &#39;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;&#39;;
		
		$dompdf = new DOMPDF();
		$dompdf-&gt;load_html($html);
		$dompdf-&gt;render();
		file_put_contents(&#39;Brochure.pdf&#39;, $dompdf-&gt;output());

how to save DOMPDF generated content to file?

This is an example of it:

    // Configuration
    app.configure(function(){
      app.set(&#39;views&#39;, __dirname + &#39;/views&#39;);
      app.set(&#39;view engine&#39;, &#39;jade&#39;);
      app.use(express.bodyParser());
      app.use(express.methodOverride());
      app.use(app.router);
      app.use(express.static(__dirname + &#39;/public&#39;));
    });


(etc.)

    app.get(&#39;/memo&#39;, function(req, res) {
      console.log(&quot;index&quot;);
      Memo.find({}, function(err, data) {
        if(err) return next(err);
        res.render(&#39;index&#39;, { memos: data });
      });
    });

And here is another one:

    app.get(&#39;/memo/list&#39;, function(req, res, next) {
      console.log(&quot;get memos&quot;);
      Memo.find({}, function(err, data) {
        if(err) return next(err);
        res.json(data);
      });
    });

Taken from a [simple memo pad built on node][1]

These are the questions that are puzzling me:

1. What does exactly `next/next();` do? What would happen if it is not present? 
2. Why is the second part taking `next` as a parameter and the first isn&#39;t?

  [1]: https://github.com/muraken720/node-crud

EDIT:





Having a hard time trying to understand &#39;next/next()&#39; in express.js

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; [Why is rake db:migrate:reset not listed in rake -T?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3951514/why-is-rake-dbmigratereset-not-listed-in-rake-t)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

Inside my Rails (3.1.3) application, I can run `rake db:test:prepare`. But when I run `rake -T [db]`, that task (and many others I can use) does not show up.

How do I get a complete list of tasks, or why is it incomplete in the first place?

E.g. http://mindspill.net/computing/cross-platform-notes/ruby-on-rails/how-to-list-rake-tasks/ shows that the &#39;db:test:prepare&#39; task got listed for an older Rails version when running `rails -T`.

How to list all Rails 3 rake tasks? rake -T seems incomplete

> Possible Duplicate: 
> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3951514/why-is-rake-dbmigratereset-not-listed-in-rake-t" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Why is rake db:migrate:reset not listed in rake -T?</a>

Inside my Rails (3.1.3) application, I can run <code>rake db:test:prepare</code>. But when I run <code>rake -T [db]</code>, that task (and many others I can use) does not show up.
How do I get a complete list of tasks, or why is it incomplete in the first place?
E.g. <a href="http://mindspill.net/computing/cross-platform-notes/ruby-on-rails/how-to-list-rake-tasks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://mindspill.net/computing/cross-platform-notes/ruby-on-rails/how-to-list-rake-tasks/</a> shows that the 'db:test:prepare' task got listed for an older Rails version when running <code>rails -T</code>.

When I run foreman I get the following:

     &gt; foreman start
     16:47:56 web.1     | started with pid 27122

Only if I stop it (via ctrl-c) it shows me what is missing:

    ^CSIGINT received
    16:49:26 system    | sending SIGTERM to all processes
    16:49:26 web.1     | =&gt; Booting Thin
    16:49:26 web.1     | =&gt; Rails 3.0.0 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:5000
    16:49:26 web.1     | =&gt; Call with -d to detach
    16:49:26 web.1     | =&gt; Ctrl-C to shutdown server
    16:49:26 web.1     | &gt;&gt; Thin web server (v1.3.1 codename Triple Espresso)
    16:49:26 web.1     | &gt;&gt; Maximum connections set to 1024
    16:49:26 web.1     | &gt;&gt; Listening on 0.0.0.0:5000, CTRL+C to stop
    16:49:26 web.1     | &gt;&gt; Stopping ...
    16:49:26 web.1     | Exiting
    16:49:26 web.1     | &gt;&gt; Stopping ...

How do I fix it?

foreman only shows line with “started with pid #” and nothing else

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; [Best way to use html5 data attributes with rails content\_tag helper?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4258512/best-way-to-use-html5-data-attributes-with-rails-content-tag-helper)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

How can I use html5 `data-*` attrubute in my link_to helper (Rails)

The API says that I have to use this format `link_to(body, url, html_options = {})` but I have an error when I put it in html_options

Ex: 

    link_to &quot;whatever&quot;, @whatever_path, { class: &#39;my_class&#39;, data-tooltip: &#39;what I want&#39; }

Rails - link_to helper with data-* attribute

I would like to know the difference between Nginx and Unicorn. As far as I understand, Nginx is a web server while Unicorn is a Ruby HTTP server.

Since both Nginx and Unicorn can handle HTTP requests, what is the need to use the combination of Nginx and Unicorn for RoR applications?


Why does Unicorn need to be deployed together with Nginx?

When try to connect to the mysql server through my rails application, I get the following error

    D:/Program_Files/Ruby192/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require&#39;: 
    Incorrect MySQL client library version! This gem was compiled for 6.0.0 but the client library is 5.0.27. (RuntimeError)

How can I rectify it? 

mysql2 gem compiled for wrong mysql client library

I&#39;m testing a model with an after create callback that I&#39;d like to run only on some occasions while testing. How can I skip/run callbacks from a factory?

    class User &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
      after_create :run_something
      ...
    end

Factory:

    FactoryGirl.define do
      factory :user do
        first_name &quot;Luiz&quot;
        last_name &quot;Branco&quot;
        ...
        # skip callback

        factory :with_run_something do
          # run callback
      end
    end

Skip callbacks on Factory Girl and Rspec

I&#39;m using Rails 3.2 and have a migration that contains the code:

    add_column :users, :gift_aid, :integer, :default =&gt; 2
    # reset columns
    User.reset_column_information

    ... code here to load legacy data from sqlite3 database ...
    
    # now create a user with the loaded column data
    user = User.create( ...other cols..., 
                        :gift_aid =&gt; migrated_gift_aid_column_data,
                        ...other cols... )

and I get `unknown attribute: gift_aid` when running the migration. `User.column_names` shows the same list before and after the call to `reset_column_information`. 

Oddly when I manually drop the column in mysql and re-run the migration it works as expected. Starting from the first migration again with an empty database and it doesn&#39;t work so it&#39;s something to do with running all the migrations rather than the single one.

I have a couple of previous migrations on User model, both include `reset_column_information` and both work fine. 

I&#39;m really scratching my head on this one - anyone got any ideas


Model.reset_column_information does not reload columns in rails migration

I&#39;m putting in a reaper line into a rake task to kill some additionally spawned ruby tasks as they somehow creep up on occasion.


    system &quot;ps aux | grep &#39;namespace:taskname&#39; | grep ruby | grep -v grep | awk &#39;{print $2}&#39; | xargs kill -9; echo &#39;Reaped old namespace:taskname processes.&#39;&quot;

I&#39;d like to add `grep -v $PID_OF_CURRENT_TASK` in that just to be sure I don&#39;t kill the current task that&#39;s running as well.

How do I get that PID?

How to get PID of current rake task?

I would like to execute a number of `bash` commands from a `Rakefile`.

I have tried the following in my `Rakefile` 

    task :hello do
      %{echo &quot;World!&quot;}
    end

but upon executing `rake hello` there is no output?
How do I execute bash commands from a Rakefile?


**NOTE**:This is not a duplicate as it&#39;s specifically asking how to execute bash commands from a _Rakefile_.

Execute bash commands from a Rakefile

The difference between `rake db:migrate` and `rake db:reset` is pretty clear to me. The thing which I don&#39;t understand is how `rake db:schema:load` is different from the former two.

Just to be sure that I am on the same page:

- `rake db:migrate` - Runs the migrations which haven&#39;t been run yet.
- `rake db:reset` - Clears the database (presumably does a `rake db:drop` + `rake db:create` + `rake db:migrate`) and runs migration on a fresh database.

Difference between rake db:migrate db:reset and db:schema:load

When I run `rake db:seed` in my `Rails` app, I&#39;m getting this error:

&gt; invalid byte sequence in US-ASCII (Argument Error)

I just added `science_majors` and down to my seed file, and now when I run `rake db:seed` it gives me this error:

&gt; invalid byte sequence error

Why is this, and how can I fix it?

part of **seeds.rb**

    @college = College.find_or_create_by_name!(&#39;University of Pittsburgh&#39;)
    if @college.update_attributes(
      url: &#39;university-of-pittsburgh&#39;,
      public: &#39;Public&#39;,
      years: &#39;4-year&#39;,
      category: &#39;National University&#39;,
      calendar: &#39;Semester&#39;,
      location: &#39;Pittsburgh, PA&#39;,
      setting: &#39;Large City (250-500k)&#39;,
      retention: &#39;90&#39;,
      majors: &#39;business/marketing: 15%|social sciences: 14%|health professions: 11%|english: 10%|engineering: 9%|psychology: 8%|biology: 7%|history: 5%&#39;,
      scholarships_link: &#39;http://www.oafa.pitt.edu/universityschlrs.aspx&#39;,
      map: &#39;&lt;iframe width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;350&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; scrolling=&quot;no&quot; marginheight=&quot;0&quot; marginwidth=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=s_q&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=university+of+pittsburgh&amp;amp;aq=&amp;amp;sll=40.444261,-79.970448&amp;amp;sspn=0.142165,0.251656&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=university+of+pittsburgh&amp;amp;t=m&amp;amp;ll=40.443486,-79.958245&amp;amp;spn=0.010798,0.021038&amp;amp;output=embed&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=university+of+pittsburgh&amp;amp;aq=&amp;amp;sll=40.431368,-79.9805&amp;amp;sspn=0.142165,0.251656&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=university+of+pittsburgh&amp;amp;t=m&amp;amp;ll=40.443486,-79.958245&amp;amp;spn=0.010798,0.021038&quot; style=&quot;color:#0000FF;text-align:left&quot;&gt;View Larger Map&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&#39;,
      street_view: &#39;&lt;iframe width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;350&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; scrolling=&quot;no&quot; marginheight=&quot;0&quot; marginwidth=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&amp;amp;aq=0&amp;amp;oq=uni&amp;amp;sll=40.444261,-79.970448&amp;amp;sspn=0.142165,0.251656&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&amp;amp;ll=40.443486,-79.958245&amp;amp;spn=0.010798,0.021038&amp;amp;t=m&amp;amp;layer=c&amp;amp;cbll=40.441775,-79.956671&amp;amp;panoid=BgWQKMiSI1fpwP7JUF16Vg&amp;amp;cbp=12,45.25,,0,-3.34&amp;amp;output=svembed&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&amp;amp;aq=0&amp;amp;oq=uni&amp;amp;sll=40.431368,-79.9805&amp;amp;sspn=0.142165,0.251656&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&amp;amp;ll=40.443486,-79.958245&amp;amp;spn=0.010798,0.021038&amp;amp;t=m&amp;amp;layer=c&amp;amp;cbll=40.441775,-79.956671&amp;amp;panoid=BgWQKMiSI1fpwP7JUF16Vg&amp;amp;cbp=12,45.25,,0,-3.34&quot; style=&quot;color:#0000FF;text-align:left&quot;&gt;View Larger Map&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&#39;,
      housing: &#39;&lt;iframe src=&quot;http://www.tour.pitt.edu/tour-categories/residence-halls&quot; scrolling=&quot;no&quot; height=&quot;820&quot; width=&quot;900&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&#39;,
      food: &#39;&lt;div style=&quot;overflow: hidden; max-width: 1000px;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe scrolling=&quot;no&quot; src=&quot;http://www.pc.pitt.edu/dining/menus.php&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0; height: 2000px; margin-top: -370px; margin-bottom: -375px; width: 750px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;,
      weather: &#39;&lt;div style=&quot;overflow: hidden; max-width: 500px;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe scrolling=&quot;no&quot; src=&quot;http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA1290&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: -40px; height: 1570px; margin-top: -490px; width: 500px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;,
      dorms: &#39;Towers (fr.)|Sutherland (fr.)|Lothrop (fr.)|Nordenberg (fr.)|Holland (fr.)|Forbes (fr.; honors)|McCormick|Brackenridge|Amos|Bruce|Panther|Pennsylvania|Ruskin|Bouquet Gardens|Oakwood Apartments|Centre-Plaza Apartments|Forbes-Craig Apartments (honors)&#39;,
      science_majors: &#39;Actuarial Mathematics|Applied Mathematics|Bioinformatics|Biological Sciences|Chemistry*|Computer Science|Ecology and Evolution|Environmental Geology|Environmental Studies|Geology|History and Philosophy of Science|Linguistics*|Mathematics*|Mathematics-Economics|Mathematics-Philosophy|Microbiology|Molecular Biology|Natural Sciences Area|Neuroscience*|Physics*|Physics and Astronomy|Scientific Computing|Statistics&#39;,
      social_science_majors: &#39;Economics*|Economics–Statistics|History*|Political Science*|Politics-Philosophy|Psychology|Sociology*|Urban Studies&#39;,
      humanities_majors: &#39;Africana Studies*|Africana Studies–English|Anthropology|Chinese*|Classics*|English Literature*|English Writing|Film Studies*|French*|German|History of Art &amp; Architecture|Humanities Area|Italian*|Italian Studies|Japanese*|Liberal Studies|Music*|Philosophy*|Religious Studies*|Russian|Slavic Studies|Spanish|Studio Arts*|Theatre Arts*&#39;,
      business_majors: &#39;Accounting|Finance|General Management|Global Management|Marketing&#39;,
      engineering_majors: &#39;Bioengineering*|Chemical Engineering*|Civil Engineering*|Computer Engineering|Electrical Engineering*|Engineering Physics|Industrial Engineering*|Materials Science and Engineering*|Mechanical Engineering*&#39;,
      professional_majors: &#39;Administration of Justice*|Applied Developmental Psychology|Architectural Studies|Athletic Training|Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition|Communication: Rhet &amp; Comm|Communication Science|Dental Hygiene|Emergency Medicine|Health Information Management|Health Services|Health and Physical Activity|Information Science|Legal Studies*|Media and Professional Communications|Nursing|Pharmacy|Public Service*|Rehabilitation Science|Social Work*&#39;
	)
    else
      # handle validation errors
    end

    @college= College.find_or_create_by_name!(&#39;Harvard&#39;)
    if @college.update_attributes(
      url: &#39;harvard&#39;,
      public: &#39;Private&#39;,
      years: &#39;4-year&#39;,
      category: &#39;National University&#39;,
      calendar: &#39;Semester&#39;,
      location: &#39;Cambridge, MA&#39;,
      setting: &#39;Small City (50-250k)&#39;,
      degrees: &#39;Bachelors, Masters, Doctoral&#39;,
      rotc: &#39;Air Force, Army, Navy&#39;,
      considered: &#39;Academic GPA|Alumni Relation|Application Essay|Character/Personal Qualities|Extracurricular Activities|First Generation College Student|Geographical Residence|Interview|Racial/Ethnic Status|Recommendations|Rigor of secondary school record|Standardized Test Scores|Talent/Ability|Volunteer Work|Work Experience&#39;,
      student_faculty: &#39;7 to 1&#39;)
    else
      # handle validation errors
    end

I left out all the other colleges. I have 200 schools so far, but Pitt is the only one with comprehensive data so far.  The rest just have basic data, like Harvard.  I also left out some of the data for Pitt for the sake of brevity, but let me know if you&#39;d like me to include the rest.

Edit: I tried taking out the `*`&#39;s in `science_majors` on down and then running `rake db:seed`, but that didn&#39;t change anything.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Felix Rabe	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Ruby on-Rails	Felix Rabe	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Ruby on-Rails	sevenseacat	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to list all Rails 3 rake tasks? rake -T seems incomplete

Ruby on-Rails Problem Overview

Ruby on-Rails Solutions

Solution 1 - Ruby on-Rails

Solution 2 - Ruby on-Rails

Having a hard time trying to understand 'next/next()' in express.js

how to save DOMPDF generated content to file?

Attributions