To create all intermediate-level destination directories you could use [`os.makedirs()`](http://docs.python.org/library/os#os.makedirs) before copying:

    import os
    import shutil
    
    srcfile = &#39;a/long/long/path/to/file.py&#39;
    dstroot = &#39;/home/myhome/new_folder&#39;
    
    
    assert not os.path.isabs(srcfile)
    dstdir =  os.path.join(dstroot, os.path.dirname(srcfile))
    
    os.makedirs(dstdir) # create all directories, raise an error if it already exists
    shutil.copy(srcfile, dstdir)

take a look at [`shutil`][1]. `shutil.copyfile(src, dst)` will copy a file to another file.

Note that `shutil.copyfile` will not create directories that do not already exist.  for that, use [`os.makedirs`][2]


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html
  [2]: http://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.makedirs

I put a `UIScrollView` in my nib&#39;s `view`, and linked it to a an `IBOutlet` property.

Now, when I do this in my `viewDidLoad` method, it seems to have no effect on the `contentSize`:

    self.sv.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor]; // this works
    CGSize size =  CGSizeMake(1000.0, 1000.0); 
    [self.sv setContentSize:size]; // this does not

It behaves as if the `contentSize` was the same as the frame. What&#39;s going on?
This started working when I turned off AutoLayout. Why?

UIScrollView contentSize not working

So i have a small problem, i&#39;m writing a function which need to send screen width to server. I got it all to work, and i use:
  
    Display display = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay(); 
    int width = display.getWidth();
to get width. However .getWidht() function is deprecated and it says u need to use:
  
    Point size = new Point();
    display.getSize(size);

But that function is only avaible for api level 13 or more, and my minimum sdk is 8. So what can i do? Is it safe if i stay with getWidth? Why adding new function and not make them backward compatible? 

Is it safe to use .getWidth on Display even though its deprecated

First thing I have to mention here, I&#39;m new to python.

Now I have a file located in:

    a/long/long/path/to/file.py

I want to copy to my home directory with a new folder created:

    /home/myhome/new_folder

My expected result is:

    /home/myhome/new_folder/a/long/long/path/to/file.py

Is there any existing library to do that? If no, how can I achieve that?

How to copy a file along with directory structure/path using python?

First thing I have to mention here, I'm new to python.
Now I have a file located in:
<pre><code class="hljs language-vbnet">a/long/long/path/to/file.py
</code></pre>
I want to copy to my home directory with a new folder created:
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino">/home/myhome/new_folder
</code></pre>
My expected result is:
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino">/home/myhome/new_folder/a/long/long/path/to/file.py
</code></pre>
Is there any existing library to do that? If no, how can I achieve that?

Here is what I am doing

    &gt;&gt;&gt; import logging
    &gt;&gt;&gt; logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; from datetime import date
    &gt;&gt;&gt; date = date.today()
    &gt;&gt;&gt; logging.info(&#39;date={}&#39;, date)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/logging/__init__.py&quot;, line 846, in emit
        msg = self.format(record)
      File &quot;/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/logging/__init__.py&quot;, line 723, in format
        return fmt.format(record)
      File &quot;/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/logging/__init__.py&quot;, line 464, in format
        record.message = record.getMessage()
      File &quot;/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/logging/__init__.py&quot;, line 328, in getMessage
        msg = msg % self.args
    TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting
    Logged from file &lt;stdin&gt;, line 1
    &gt;&gt;&gt; 

My python version is 

    $ python --version
    Python 2.7.3

How do I make it work?


Python: Logging TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting

I have a problem with some groupy code which I&#39;m quite sure once ran (on an older pandas version). On 0.9, I get *No numeric types to aggregate* errors. Any ideas?

    In [31]: data
    Out[31]: 
    &lt;class &#39;pandas.core.frame.DataFrame&#39;&gt;
    DatetimeIndex: 2557 entries, 2004-01-01 00:00:00 to 2010-12-31 00:00:00
    Freq: &lt;1 DateOffset&gt;
    Columns: 360 entries, -89.75 to 89.75
    dtypes: object(360)
    
    In [32]: latedges = linspace(-90., 90., 73)
    
    In [33]: lats_new = linspace(-87.5, 87.5, 72)
    
    In [34]: def _get_gridbox_label(x, bins, labels):
       ....:             return labels[searchsorted(bins, x) - 1]
       ....: 
    
    In [35]: lat_bucket = lambda x: _get_gridbox_label(x, latedges, lats_new)
    
    In [36]: data.T.groupby(lat_bucket).mean()
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    DataError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
    &lt;ipython-input-36-ed9c538ac526&gt; in &lt;module&gt;()
    ----&gt; 1 data.T.groupby(lat_bucket).mean()
    
    /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby.py in mean(self)
        295         &quot;&quot;&quot;
        296         try:
    --&gt; 297             return self._cython_agg_general(&#39;mean&#39;)
        298         except DataError:
        299             raise
    
    /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby.py in _cython_agg_general(self, how, numeric_only)
       1415 
       1416     def _cython_agg_general(self, how, numeric_only=True):
    -&gt; 1417         new_blocks = self._cython_agg_blocks(how, numeric_only=numeric_only)
       1418         return self._wrap_agged_blocks(new_blocks)
       1419 
    
    /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby.py in _cython_agg_blocks(self, how, numeric_only)
       1455 
       1456         if len(new_blocks) == 0:
    -&gt; 1457             raise DataError(&#39;No numeric types to aggregate&#39;)
       1458 
       1459         return new_blocks
    
    DataError: No numeric types to aggregate



No numeric types to aggregate - change in groupby() behaviour?

I&#39;m working on a plot with translucent &#39;x&#39; markers (20% alpha).  How do I make the marker appear at 100% opacity in the legend?

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    plt.plot_date( x = xaxis, y = yaxis, marker = &#39;x&#39;, color=[1, 0, 0, .2], label=&#39;Data Series&#39; )
    plt.legend(loc=3, mode=&quot;expand&quot;, numpoints=1, scatterpoints=1 )

Set legend symbol opacity with matplotlib?

I&#39;m using Pandas data frames. I have a initial data frame, say `D`. I extract two data frames from it like this:

    
    A = D[D.label == k]
    B = D[D.label != k]


I want to combine `A` and `B` so I can have them as one DataFrame, something like a union operation. The order of the data is not important. However, when we sample `A` and `B` from `D`, they retain their indexes from `D`.

How do I combine two dataframes?

Removing numbers from string

I have a shell script in which I need to check whether two files contain the same data or not. I do this a for a lot of files, and in my script the `diff` command seems to be the performance bottleneck. 

Here&#39;s the line:

    diff -q $dst $new &gt; /dev/null

    if ($status) then ...

Could there be a faster way to compare the files, maybe a custom algorithm instead of the default `diff`?

Fastest way to tell if two files have the same contents in Unix/Linux?

So I have a basic form input with the type `&quot;file&quot;` however I want the user to be able to select a folder location and not a file.

How can I get this input to select a folder and not a file, or is there another way to do it?

How to get folder directory from HTML input type &quot;file&quot; or any other way?

I have tested two writing configurations:

1. Fstream buffering:

    ```
    // Initialization
    const unsigned int length = 8192;
    char buffer[length];
    std::ofstream stream;
    stream.rdbuf()-&gt;pubsetbuf(buffer, length);
    stream.open(&quot;test.dat&quot;, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc)

    // To write I use :
    stream.write(reinterpret_cast&lt;char*&gt;(&amp;x), sizeof(x));
    ```

2. Manual buffering:

    ```
    // Initialization
    const unsigned int length = 8192;
    char buffer[length];
    std::ofstream stream(&quot;test.dat&quot;, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);

    // Then I put manually the data in the buffer

    // To write I use :
    stream.write(buffer, length);
    ```

I expected the same result...

But my manual buffering improve performance by a factor of 10 to write a file of 100MB, and the fstream buffering does not change anything compared to the normal situation (without redefining a buffer).

Does someone has an explanation of this situation ?

EDIT :
Here are the news : a benchmark just done on a supercomputer (linux 64-bit architecture, lasts intel Xeon 8-core, Lustre filesystem and ... hopefully well configured compilers) 
![benchmark][1]
(and I don&#39;t explain the reason of the &quot;resonance&quot; for a 1kB manual buffer...)

EDIT 2 :
And the resonance at 1024 B (if someone has an idea about that, I&#39;m interested) :
![enter image description here][2]


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/NO8Pm.png
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/pknmv.png

std::fstream buffering vs manual buffering (why 10x gain with manual buffering)?

    Folder1/
        -fileA.txt
        -fileB.txt
        -fileC.txt

    &gt; mkdir Folder2/

    &gt; [copy command]

And now `Folder2/` looks like:

    Folder2/
        -fileA.txt
        -fileB.txt
        -fileC.txt   

How to make this happen? I have tried `cp -r Folder1/ Folder2/` but I ended up with:

    Folder2/
        Folder1/
            -fileA.txt
            -fileB.txt
            -fileC.txt

Which is close but not exactly what I wanted. 

Thanks!

Unix - copy contents of one directory to another

I have a file that is constantly being written to/updated. I want to find the last line containing a particular word, then print the last column of that line.

The file looks something like this. More A1/B1/C1 lines will be appended to it over time.

    A1 123 456
    B1 234 567
    C1 345 678
    A1 098 766
    B1 987 6545
    C1 876 5434

I tried to use

    tail -f file | grep A1 | awk &#39;{print $NF}&#39;

to print the value 766, but nothing is output.

Is there a way to do this?

Printing the last column of a line in a file

I&#39;m having a problem with deleting empty directories. Here is my code:

    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(dir_to_search):
        //other codes
    
        try:
            os.rmdir(dirpath)
        except OSError as ex:
            print(ex)

The argument `dir_to_search` is where I&#39;m passing the directory where the work needs to be done. That directory looks like this:

    test/20/...
    test/22/...
    test/25/...
    test/26/...

Note that all the above folders are empty. When I run this script the folders `20`,`25` alone gets deleted! But the folders `25` and `26` aren&#39;t deleted, even though they are empty folders.

### Edit:
The exception that I&#39;m getting are:

    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/29&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/29/tmp&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/28&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/28/tmp&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/26&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/25&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/27&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/27/tmp&#39;

Where am I making a mistake?


Deleting folders in python recursively

What I&#39;m trying to do is find the current working directory and save it into a variable, so that I can run `export PATH=$PATH:currentdir+somethingelse`. I&#39;m not entirely sure if they have a variable that contains cwd by default.

How do I save the current directory in variable using Bash?

Save current directory in variable using Bash?

Is there a way to simplify this linq expression, or is there a better way of doing this?

    Directory.GetFiles(dir, &quot;*.*&quot;, SearchOption.AllDirectories)
             .Where(s =&gt; s.EndsWith(&quot;.jpg&quot;, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                         s.EndsWith(&quot;.gif&quot;, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                         s.EndsWith(&quot;.png&quot;, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                         ...);
Basically I want to return all files of a certain extension. Unfortunately, this method isn&#39;t very flexible. I&#39;d rather be able to add extensions to a list and have Directory.GetFiles return those extensions. Is that possible?

Directory.GetFiles of certain extension


Is there a Language supported way make a full (deep) copy of an Object in Dart?

Secondary only; are there multiple ways of doing this, and what are the differences?


Thanks for clarification!



How can I clone an Object (deep copy) in Dart?

I want to be able to create a new instance of an object by calling a method on an already instantiated object. For example, I have the object:

`organism = Organism()`

I want to be able to call `organism.reproduce()` and have two objects of type Organism. My method at this point looks like this:

    class Organism(object):
        def reproduce():
            organism = Organism()

and I&#39;m pretty sure it doesn&#39;t work (I&#39;m not really even sure how to test it. I tried the gc method in [this post][1]). So how can I make my object create a copy of itself that&#39;s accessible just like the first object I created (with `organism = Organism()`)?


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/328851/printing-all-instances-of-a-class

Create new class instance from class method

Is there a way to copy directories recursively inside a .bat file? Is an example of this available?


Batch file to copy directories recursively

This is also referred to as &quot;deep copying&quot;, which I&#39;ve found some articles on. Closest seems to be [this one][1] but it&#39;s for jQuery - I&#39;m trying to do this without a library.

I&#39;ve also seen, in two places, that it&#39;s possible to do something like:
    
    arr2 = JSON.decode(JSON.encode(arr1));

But that&#39;s apparently inefficient. It&#39;s also possible to loop and copy each value individually, and recurs through all the arrays. That seems tiring and inefficient as well. 

So what&#39;s the most efficient, non-library way to copy a JavaScript multi-dimensional array `[[a],[b],[c]]`? I am completely happy with a &quot;non-IE&quot; method if necessary.

Thanks!


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/565430/deep-copying-an-array-using-jquery

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Js Lim	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	jfs	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	ewok	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to copy a file along with directory structure/path using python?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Is it safe to use .getWidth on Display even though its deprecated

UIScrollView contentSize not working

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