Quite simple, with a `*` wildcard.

    cp -r Folder1/* Folder2/

But according to your example recursion is not needed so the following will suffice:

    cp Folder1/* Folder2/


**EDIT:**

Or skip the `mkdir Folder2` part and just run:

    cp -r Folder1 Folder2



To make an exact copy, permissions, ownership, and all use &quot;-a&quot; with &quot;cp&quot;.  &quot;-r&quot; will copy the contents of the files but not necessarily keep other things the same.

&gt; cp -av Source/* Dest/

(make sure Dest/ exists first)

If you want to repeatedly update from one to the other or make sure you also copy all dotfiles, `rsync` is a great help:

&gt; rsync -av --delete Source/ Dest/

This is also &quot;recoverable&quot; in that you can restart it if you abort it while copying.  I like &quot;-v&quot; because it lets you watch what is going on but you can omit it.


I want to display some images in a Markdown file on Github. I found it works this way:

    ![Figure 1-1](https://raw.github.com/username/repo/master/images/figure 1-1.png &quot;Figure 1-1&quot;)

But i need to collaborate with others so i don&#39;t want the username and repo name hard coded .

I tried to use this:

    ![Figure 1-1](images/figure 1-1.png &quot;Figure 1-1&quot;)

It works on my local disk but not work on Github.

Is there anyone knows about this issue?

How to display images in Markdown files on Github?

I know you can use the `library`, `import` and even `#import`, but which is correct?

I have got two files, `MainClass.dart` and `Library.Dart`, and I want to add a reference to `Library.dart` in `MainClass.dart`. How can I do that?

How to reference another file in Dart?

    Folder1/
        -fileA.txt
        -fileB.txt
        -fileC.txt

    &gt; mkdir Folder2/

    &gt; [copy command]

And now `Folder2/` looks like:

    Folder2/
        -fileA.txt
        -fileB.txt
        -fileC.txt   

How to make this happen? I have tried `cp -r Folder1/ Folder2/` but I ended up with:

    Folder2/
        Folder1/
            -fileA.txt
            -fileB.txt
            -fileC.txt

Which is close but not exactly what I wanted. 

Thanks!

Unix - copy contents of one directory to another

<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">Folder1/
 -fileA.txt
 -fileB.txt
 -fileC.txt

> mkdir Folder2/

> [copy command]
</code></pre>
And now <code>Folder2/</code> looks like:
<pre><code class="hljs language-markdown">Folder2/
 -fileA.txt
 -fileB.txt
 -fileC.txt 
</code></pre>
How to make this happen? I have tried <code>cp -r Folder1/ Folder2/</code> but I ended up with:
<pre><code class="hljs language-markdown">Folder2/
 Folder1/
 -fileA.txt
 -fileB.txt
 -fileC.txt
</code></pre>
Which is close but not exactly what I wanted.
Thanks!

I have a file that is constantly being written to/updated. I want to find the last line containing a particular word, then print the last column of that line.

The file looks something like this. More A1/B1/C1 lines will be appended to it over time.

    A1 123 456
    B1 234 567
    C1 345 678
    A1 098 766
    B1 987 6545
    C1 876 5434

I tried to use

    tail -f file | grep A1 | awk &#39;{print $NF}&#39;

to print the value 766, but nothing is output.

Is there a way to do this?

Printing the last column of a line in a file

In my CMake script I want to see if I have a file on my system, and if it is there do something with it, otherwise do something with a default file. Here is the code:

    find_file(
              ${project_name}_${customer}_config 
              ${ROOT}/configuration/${customer}/configuration.${project_name}.xml
    )

    if(NOT ${${project_name}_${customer}_config} STREQUAL
       ${project_name}_${customer}_config-NOTFOUND )
            configure_file(${ROOT}/configuration/${customer}/configuration.${project_name}.xml
                           ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conf/configuration.xml)
    else()
        configure_file(${FAPP_ROOT}/configuration/Default/configuration.${project_name}.xml
                       ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conf/configuration.xml)
    endif()

But it seems, this is not working. 

What is the proper way of checking if a file exists in CMake?

CMake check that a local file exists

There exists a `File.ReadAllLines` but not a `Stream.ReadAllLines`.

    using (Stream stream = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream(&quot;Test_Resources.Resources.Accounts.txt&quot;))
    using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream))
    {
        // Would prefer string[] result = reader.ReadAllLines();
        string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
    }

Does there exist a way to do this or do I have to manually loop through the file line by line?

ReadAllLines for a Stream object?

I have data that I want to write to a file, and open a file dialog for the user to choose where to save the file.  It would be great if it worked in all browsers, but it has to work in Chrome.  I want to do this all client-side.

Basically I want to know what to put in this function:

    saveFile: function(data)
    {
    }

Where the function takes in data, has the user select a location to save the file, and creates a file in that location with that data.




Using HTML is fine too, if that helps.

Create and save a file with JavaScript

I don&#39;t know why this code prints to the screen, but not to the file? File &quot;example1.log&quot; is created, but nothing is written there.

    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    import logging
    
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                        format=&#39;%(asctime)s %(message)s&#39;,
                        handlers=[logging.FileHandler(&quot;example1.log&quot;),
                                  logging.StreamHandler()])
    logging.debug(&#39;This message should go to the log file and to the console&#39;)
    logging.info(&#39;So should this&#39;)
    logging.warning(&#39;And this, too&#39;)

I have &quot;bypassed&quot; this problem by creating a logging object, but it keeps bugging me why `basicConfig()` approach failed?

PS. If I change basicConfig call to:

    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                        filename=&quot;example2.log&quot;,
                        format=&#39;%(asctime)s %(message)s&#39;,
                        handlers=[logging.StreamHandler()])

then all logs are in the file and nothing is displayed in the console.

Python using basicConfig method to log to console and file

In Linux, how do I remove folders with a certain name which are nested deep in a folder hierarchy?

The following paths are under a folder and I would like to remove all folders named `a`.  

    1/2/3/a
    1/2/3/b
    10/20/30/a
    10/20/30/b
    100/200/300/a
    100/200/300/b

What Linux command should I use from the parent folder?

How to remove folders with a certain name

This should be easy:  I want to run **sed** against a literal string, not an input file.  If you wonder why, it is to, for example edit values stored in variables, not necessarily text data.

When I do:

    sed &#39;s/,/&#39;,&#39;/g&#39; &quot;A,B,C&quot;

where A,B,C is the literal which I want to change to A&#39;,&#39;B&#39;,&#39;C

I get 

    Can&#39;t open A,B,C

As though it thinks A,B,C is a file.

I tried piping it to echo:

    echo &quot;A,B,C&quot; | sed &#39;s/,/&#39;,&#39;/g&#39; 

I get a prompt.

What is the right way to do it?

sed with literal string--not input file

I am using below to get previous, current and the next month under `Ubuntu` 11.04:

    LAST_MONTH=`date +&#39;%m&#39; -d &#39;last month&#39;`
    NEXT_MONTH=`date +&#39;%m&#39; -d &#39;next month&#39;`
    THIS_MONTH=`date +&#39;%m&#39; -d &#39;now&#39;`

It works well until today, the last day of October, 2012 (2012-10-31)

I get below result as of now:

    $ date
    Wed Oct 31 15:35:26 PDT 2012
    $ date +&#39;%m&#39; -d &#39;last month&#39;
    10
    $ date +&#39;%m&#39; -d &#39;now&#39;
    10
    $ $ date +&#39;%m&#39; -d &#39;next month&#39;
    12

I suppose the outputs should be `9`,`10`,`11` respectively.

Don&#39;t understand why `date` outputs behave like this. What should be a good way to get consistant `previous`, `current` and `next` month instead?
    

Using `date` command to get previous, current and next month

I am looking for a command line solution that would return me the primary (first) IP address of the localhost, other than 127.0.0.1

The solution should work at least for Linux (Debian and RedHat) and OS X 10.7+

I am aware that `ifconfig` is available on both but its output is not so consistent between these platforms.

How to get the primary IP address of the local machine on Linux and OS X?

I am a system administrator and I have been asked to run a linux script to clean the system.

The command is this:

    perl script.pl &gt; output.log &amp;

so this command is ending with a `&amp;` sign, is there any special significance of it?

I have basic knowledge of shell but I have never seen this before.



What does &quot;&amp;&quot; at the end of a linux command mean?


Is there a Language supported way make a full (deep) copy of an Object in Dart?

Secondary only; are there multiple ways of doing this, and what are the differences?


Thanks for clarification!



How can I clone an Object (deep copy) in Dart?

I want to be able to create a new instance of an object by calling a method on an already instantiated object. For example, I have the object:

`organism = Organism()`

I want to be able to call `organism.reproduce()` and have two objects of type Organism. My method at this point looks like this:

    class Organism(object):
        def reproduce():
            organism = Organism()

and I&#39;m pretty sure it doesn&#39;t work (I&#39;m not really even sure how to test it. I tried the gc method in [this post][1]). So how can I make my object create a copy of itself that&#39;s accessible just like the first object I created (with `organism = Organism()`)?


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/328851/printing-all-instances-of-a-class

Create new class instance from class method

Is there a way to copy directories recursively inside a .bat file? Is an example of this available?


Batch file to copy directories recursively

This is also referred to as &quot;deep copying&quot;, which I&#39;ve found some articles on. Closest seems to be [this one][1] but it&#39;s for jQuery - I&#39;m trying to do this without a library.

I&#39;ve also seen, in two places, that it&#39;s possible to do something like:
    
    arr2 = JSON.decode(JSON.encode(arr1));

But that&#39;s apparently inefficient. It&#39;s also possible to loop and copy each value individually, and recurs through all the arrays. That seems tiring and inefficient as well. 

So what&#39;s the most efficient, non-library way to copy a JavaScript multi-dimensional array `[[a],[b],[c]]`? I am completely happy with a &quot;non-IE&quot; method if necessary.

Thanks!


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/565430/deep-copying-an-array-using-jquery

Create copy of multi-dimensional array, not reference - JavaScript

Is there any way to copy database structure without data in MySQL, so the new database will be the same as it is copied from, but with empty tables.

After getting some suggestions I tried the command, but I am getting syntax error, my `username = root` and `password = nothing`. I guess the default one. I am trying following command, 

    mysqldump -u root -p -d xyz_db | mysql -u root -p -Dnew_db

what I am missing or misplacing in command?

copy database structure without data in mysql (with empty tables)

I&#39;m having a problem with deleting empty directories. Here is my code:

    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(dir_to_search):
        //other codes
    
        try:
            os.rmdir(dirpath)
        except OSError as ex:
            print(ex)

The argument `dir_to_search` is where I&#39;m passing the directory where the work needs to be done. That directory looks like this:

    test/20/...
    test/22/...
    test/25/...
    test/26/...

Note that all the above folders are empty. When I run this script the folders `20`,`25` alone gets deleted! But the folders `25` and `26` aren&#39;t deleted, even though they are empty folders.

### Edit:
The exception that I&#39;m getting are:

    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/29&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/29/tmp&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/28&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/28/tmp&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/26&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/25&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/27&#39;
    [Errno 39] Directory not empty: &#39;/home/python-user/shell-scripts/s3logs/test/2012/10/27/tmp&#39;

Where am I making a mistake?


Deleting folders in python recursively

What I&#39;m trying to do is find the current working directory and save it into a variable, so that I can run `export PATH=$PATH:currentdir+somethingelse`. I&#39;m not entirely sure if they have a variable that contains cwd by default.

How do I save the current directory in variable using Bash?

Save current directory in variable using Bash?

Is there a way to simplify this linq expression, or is there a better way of doing this?

    Directory.GetFiles(dir, &quot;*.*&quot;, SearchOption.AllDirectories)
             .Where(s =&gt; s.EndsWith(&quot;.jpg&quot;, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                         s.EndsWith(&quot;.gif&quot;, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                         s.EndsWith(&quot;.png&quot;, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                         ...);
Basically I want to return all files of a certain extension. Unfortunately, this method isn&#39;t very flexible. I&#39;d rather be able to add extensions to a list and have Directory.GetFiles return those extensions. Is that possible?

Directory.GetFiles of certain extension

    find . -type d

can be used to find all directories below some start point. But it returns the current directory (`.`) too, which may be undesired. How can it be excluded?

How to exclude this / current / dot folder from find &quot;type d&quot;

We can test if a directory is writable by the uid of the current process:

    if [ -w $directory ] ; then echo &#39;Eureka!&#39; ; fi

But can anyone suggest a way to test if a directory is writable by some *other* uid?

My scenario is that I am administering a MySQL Server instance, and I want to change the location of the slow-query log file temporarily.  I can do this by executing a MySQL command `SET GLOBAL slow_query_log_file=&#39;$new_log_filename&#39;` and then disable &amp; enable query logging to make `mysqld` start using that file.

But I&#39;d like my script to check that the uid of the `mysqld` process has permissions to create that new log file.  So I&#39;d like to do something like (pseudocode):

    $ if [ -w-as-mysql-uid `basename $new_log_filename` ] ; then echo &#39;Eureka!&#39; ; fi

But of course that&#39;s an imaginary test predicate.

*Clarification:*  I would like a solution that doesn&#39;t rely on `su` because I can&#39;t assume the user of my script has su privilege.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	JDS	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - File	Geoff	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - File	Koen.	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - File	Brian White	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Unix - copy contents of one directory to another

File Problem Overview

File Solutions

Solution 1 - File

Solution 2 - File

Solution 3 - File

How to reference another file in Dart?

How to display images in Markdown files on Github?

Attributions