As of Nginx 1.9.2 you can dump the Nginx config with the `-T` flag:

&gt; `-T` — same as `-t`, but additionally dump configuration files to standard output (1.9.2).

Source: http://nginx.org/en/docs/switches.html

This is not the same as dumping for a specific process. If your Nginx is using a different config file, check the output for `ps aux` and use whatever it gives as the binary, e.g. if it gives something like

    nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /some/other/config

you need to run 

    /usr/sbin/nginx -c /some/other/config -T

If you are not on 1.9.2 yet, you can dump the config with gdb:

- https://serverfault.com/questions/361421/dump-nginx-config-from-running-process

I have JSON returned from an API like so:

    Contacts: [{ GivenName: &quot;Matt&quot;, FamilyName: &quot;Berry&quot; }]

To keep this consistent with my code style (camelCase - lower case first letter) I want to transform the array to produce the following:

     contacts: [{ givenName: &quot;Matt&quot;, familyName: &quot;Berry&quot; }]

What&#39;s the easiest/best way to do this? Create a new Contact object and iterate over all the contacts in the returned array?

    var jsonContacts = json[&quot;Contacts&quot;],
        contacts= [];
			
    _.each(jsonContacts , function(item){
        var contact = new Contact( item.GivenName, item.FamilyName );
        contacts.push(contact);
    });

or can I map the original array or transform it somehow?  



Convert returned JSON Object Properties to (lower first) camelCase

Is it possible in knockout to get the current value of an observable within a subscription to that observable, before it receives the new value?

Example:

    this.myObservable = ko.observable();
    this.myObservable.subscribe(function(newValue){
        //I&#39;d like to get the previous value of &#39;myObservable&#39; here before it&#39;s set to newValue
    });

Get previous value of an observable in subscribe of same observable

Is it possible to get which conf the nginx is using only from a running nginx process?

To get the conf file path. sometimes `ps aux` reveal it, sometimes it doesn&#39;t. It might be just something like `nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx` (same as `/proc/PID/cmdline`)

1. So is `nginx -V` the only solution?
2. From [this question](https://serverfault.com/a/436239/59379), is it possible to dump conf data structure from nginx process directly? Or at least dump the conf file path?

dump conf from running nginx process

<p>Is it possible to get which conf the nginx is using only from a running nginx process?</p>
<p>To get the conf file path. sometimes <code>ps aux</code> reveal it, sometimes it doesn't. It might be just something like <code>nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx</code> (same as <code>/proc/PID/cmdline</code>)</p>
<ol>
<li>So is <code>nginx -V</code> the only solution?</li>
<li>From <a href="https://serverfault.com/a/436239/59379" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this question</a>, is it possible to dump conf data structure from nginx process directly? Or at least dump the conf file path?</li>
</ol>


I&#39;m confused by the two concepts in sed: hold space and pattern space. Can someone help explain them?

Here&#39;s a snippet of the manual:

&gt;     h H    Copy/append pattern space to hold space.
&gt;     g G    Copy/append hold space to pattern space.
&gt; 
&gt;     n N    Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space.

These six commands really confuse me.

The Concept of &#39;Hold space&#39; and &#39;Pattern space&#39; in sed

I have a shell script in which I need to check whether two files contain the same data or not. I do this a for a lot of files, and in my script the `diff` command seems to be the performance bottleneck. 

Here&#39;s the line:

    diff -q $dst $new &gt; /dev/null

    if ($status) then ...

Could there be a faster way to compare the files, maybe a custom algorithm instead of the default `diff`?

Fastest way to tell if two files have the same contents in Unix/Linux?

I was wondering the difference between `stdout` and `STDOUT_FILENO` in Linux C.

After some searching work, I draw the following conclusion. Could you help me review it and correct any mistake in it? Thanks

* `stdout` belongs to standard I/O stream of C language; whose type is FILE* and defined in stdio.h

* `STDOUT_FILENO`, possessing an int type, is defined at `unistd.h`. It&#39;s a file descriptor of LINUX system. In `unistd.h`, it&#39;s explained as below:

&gt;     The following symbolic constants shall be defined for file streams:
&gt;     
&gt;     STDERR_FILENO
&gt;         File number of stderr; 2.
&gt;     STDIN_FILENO
&gt;         File number of stdin; 0.
&gt;     STDOUT_FILENO
&gt;         File number of stdout; 1.

So, in my opinion, the `STDOUT_FILENO` belongs system-level calling and, to some extent, like a system API. `STDOUT_FILENO` can be used to describe any device in system. 

The `stdout` locates in a higher level (user level?) and actually encapsulate the details of `STDOUT_FILENO`. `stdout` has I/O buffer.

That&#39;s my understand about their difference. Any comment or correction is appreciated, thanks.

The difference between stdout and STDOUT_FILENO

What&#39;s the difference between kernel stack and user stack? Why kernel stack is used? If a local variable is declared in an ISR, where it will be stored? Does each process has its own kernel stack? Then how the process coordinates between  both these stacks?



kernel stack and user space stack

How do I install `g++` for Fedora Linux? I have been searching the `dnf` command to install `g++` but didn&#39;t find anything.

How do I install it?

I have already installed `gcc`

How do I install g++ for Fedora?

I have a solution with 10+ projects (VS2010 SP1). I have the following configurations defined in the solution:

 - Debug
 - Debug-QA
 - Release-UAT
 - Release-Production

This allows me to easily setup specific settings for each deployment scenario. However, for some reason I can&#39;t get things setup as I&#39;d like. Please see this screenshot:

![Screenshot of Configuration Manager][1]

Notice the highlighted projects/configurations. I am unable to create a &quot;Debug-QA&quot; configuration for these projects (by selecting `&lt;New&gt;` in the cell for that particular project). When I try to add a new &quot;Debug-QA&quot; configuration to the DataUtility project, for instance, Visual Studio yells at me:

&gt; This configuration could not be created because a solution configuration of the same name already exists.

I know it does! I&#39;m trying to add the configuration to the project! What am I missing here? I want all projects to have all 5 configuration. I have the same problem when trying to match up (create) platforms (for instance, adding an &quot;Any CPU&quot; platform to the DataUtility project).

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/uP8wX.png

Configuration With Same Name Already Exists

I am trying to make my first bean in Spring but got a problem with loading a context.
I have a configuration XML file of the bean in src/main/resources.

I receive the following IOException:

&gt;Exception in thread &quot;main&quot;  org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [src/main/resources/beans.xml]; nested exception is 
    
&gt;java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [src/main/resources/beans.xml] cannot 
    be opened because it does not exist

but I don&#39;t get it, since I do the following code test:

    File f = new File(&quot;src/main/resources/beans.xml&quot;);
    System.out.println(&quot;Exist test: &quot; + f.exists());

which gives me true! `resources` is in the classpath. What&#39;s wrong?


Spring cannot find bean xml configuration file when it does exist

How do I use a custom delimiter for angular JS? I&#39;d like to change from the `{{ var }}` syntax to `[[ var ]]`.

Can somebody show me a complete example on how to implement this with Angular?

Angular JS custom delimiter

I have a project where I need to bootstrap @Configuration java-config classes into the XML configuration.

To do that, I&#39;m reading that I also need to include the following bean definition (along with the bean definitions of the classes annotated with @Configuration).

    &lt;bean class=&quot;org.springframework.config.java.process.ConfigurationPostProcessor&quot; /&gt;

But, I end up receiving the following error:

    Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.config.java.process.ConfigurationPostProcessor

I have to assume I&#39;m missing a jar somewhere, but my various web searches hasn&#39;t resulted in an answer yet.  Any help would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks.


**EDIT**:  Evidently, I was reading old documentation, which is no longer current.  Let me back up.  My project contains older XML-based configuration.  The newer code is all using &#39;Java-config&#39;.  With that said, the contexts are apparently completely separate.  I&#39;d like to &#39;import&#39; a java-config class into the XML configuration, so that both contexts have those particular beans.  Does anyone know how I can do that?

How to import Java-config class into XML-config so that both contexts have beans?

I have following configuration class:

    @Configuration
    @PropertySource(name = &quot;props&quot;, value = &quot;classpath:/app-config.properties&quot;)
    @ComponentScan(&quot;service&quot;)
    public class AppConfig {

and I have service with property:

    @Component 
    public class SomeService {
        @Value(&quot;#{props[&#39;some.property&#39;]}&quot;) private String someProperty;

I receive error when I want to test the AppConfig configuration class with

    org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name &#39;someService&#39;: Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private java.lang.String service.SomeService.someProperty; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanExpressionException: Expression parsing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelEvaluationException: EL1008E:(pos 0): Field or property &#39;props&#39; cannot be found on object of type &#39;org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanExpressionContext&#39; 

The issue is documented [in SPR-8539][1]


  [1]: https://jira.springsource.org/browse/SPR-8539 &quot;SPR-8539&quot;

but anyway I cannot figure out how to configure **PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer**  to get it work.

Edit 1
------
This approach works well with xml configuration

    &lt;util:properties id=&quot;props&quot; location=&quot;classpath:/app-config.properties&quot; /&gt;
but I want to use java for configuration.

@Value not resolved when using @PropertySource annotation. How to configure PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer?

I have an ... odd issue with a bash shell script that I was hoping to get some insight on. 

My team is working on a script that iterates through lines in a file and checks for content in each one. We had a bug where, when run via the automated process that sequences different scripts together, the last line wasn&#39;t being seen.

The code used to iterate over the lines in the file (name stored in &lt;code&gt;DATAFILE&lt;/code&gt; was

    cat &quot;$DATAFILE&quot; | while read line 

We could run the script from the command line and it would see every line in the file, including the last one, just fine. However, when run by the automated process (which runs the script that generates the DATAFILE just prior to the script in question), the last line is never seen.

We updated the code to use the following to iterate over the lines, and the problem cleared up:

    for line in `cat &quot;$DATAFILE&quot;` 

*Note: DATAFILE has no newline ever written at the end of the file.*

My question is two part... Why would the last line not be seen by the original code, and why this would change make a difference?

I only thought I could come up with as to why the last line would not be seen was:

* The previous process, which writes the file, was relying on the process to end to close the file descriptor.
* The problem script was starting up and opening the file prior fast enough that, while the previous process had &quot;ended&quot;, it hadn&#39;t &quot;shut down/cleaned up&quot; enough for the system to close the file descriptor automatically for it.

That being said, it seems like, if you have 2 commands in a shell script, the first one should be completely shut down by the time the script runs the second one.

Any insight into the questions, especially the first one, would be very much appreciated.

Shell script read missing last line

I use Visual Studio 2010 to debug a asp.net MVC project in my local machine. The steps are:

Click Debug and try to attch process &quot;w3wp.exe&quot;. However it is not in the list.

I am sure &quot;Show processes in all sessions&quot; is clicked. 

w3wp process not found

When I start a process and want to close this process, what are the differences between `Process.Close()` and `Process.Kill()`?

I asked because I have an application which starts to capture packet using Wireshark with a command via command line with `Windows = hidden`.
so when I want to stop the capturing I kill the process .So sometimes the capture opens with an error that the last packet was cut in the middle so I am wondering can using `close()` before `kill()` will solve this issue ?

When I start capturing I can close it by pressing Ctrl + C but in my case I open the window in hidden state, Can I do something similar via my code ?

What are the differences between kill process and close process?

I use `process.env` a little in my program, it seems this variable have nothing to do with my program， without it my app could work well, too.

So how can I fully use the `process.env`? Is there any document or tutorial about it?

Node.js: Is there any documentation about the process.env variable

How to get the process name with a `PID` (Process ID) in Node.JS program, platform include Mac, Windows, Linux.

Does it has some node modules to do it?

NODEJS process info

In my apache configuration I have the following simple rewrite rule which

1. unless file exists will rewrite to index.php
1. on the urls you never see the file extension (.php)

how can I rewrite this in nginx?


    #
    # Redirect all to index.php
    #
    RewriteEngine On

    # if a directory or a file exists, use it directly
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (/[^.]*|\.)$ [NC]
    RewriteRule .* index.php [L]

Here&#39;s how my nginx server block looks like now, but it doesn&#39;t work :(

    root /home/user/www;
    index index.php;

    # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
    server_name some-domain.dev;


    ###############################################################
    # exclude /favicon.ico from logs
    location = /favicon.ico {
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }   

    ##############################################################
    # Disable logging for robots.txt
    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }   

    ##############################################################
    # Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as 
    # .htaccess, .htpasswd, .DS_Store (Mac).
    location ~ /\. {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }   

    ##############################################################
    #   
    location / { 
        include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root/index.php$args;
        fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
    }   

    ###############################################################
    # serve static files directly
    location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico)$ {
        access_log off;
        expires    30d;
    }   

    ###############################################################
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root html;
    }   

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #   
    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        # NOTE: You should have &quot;cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;&quot; in php.ini
        # With php5-cgi alone:
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

Rewrite all requests to index.php with nginx

I&#39;m getting a lot of 499 NGINX error codes.  I see that this is a client side issue.  It is not a problem with NGINX or my uWSGI stack.  I note the correlation in uWSGI logs  when a get a 499.

    address space usage: 383692800 bytes/365MB} {rss usage: 167038976
    bytes/159MB} [pid: 16614|app: 0|req: 74184/222373] 74.125.191.16 ()
    {36 vars in 481 bytes} [Fri Oct 19 10:07:07 2012] POST /bidder/ =&gt;
    generated 0 bytes in 8 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 1 headers in 59 bytes (1
    switches on core 1760)
    SIGPIPE: writing to a closed pipe/socket/fd (probably the client
    disconnected) on request /bidder/ (ip 74.125.xxx.xxx) !!!
    Fri Oct 19 10:07:07 2012 - write(): Broken pipe [proto/uwsgi.c line
    143] during POST /bidder/ (74.125.xxx.xxx)
    IOError: write error


I&#39;m looking for a more in depth explanation and hoping it is nothing wrong with my NGINX config for uwsgi. I&#39;m taking it on face value. It seems like a client issue.

Possible reason for NGINX 499 error codes

This is a broad question but I&#39;d like to get a canonical answer. I have been trying to deploy a site using *gunicorn* and *nginx* in *Django*. After reading tons of tutorials I have been successful but I can&#39;t be sure that the steps I followed are good enough to run a site without problems or maybe there are better ways to do it. That uncertainty is annoying.

That&#39;s why I&#39;m looking for a very detailed and well explained answer for newbies. I don&#39;t want to explain too much what I know and what I don&#39;t know since this could skew the answers a bit and other people could benefit to a lesser degree from your answers. However, some things I&#39;d like to see mentioned are:

 - What &quot;setup&quot; have you seen work best? I used *virtualenv* and moved my *Django* project inside this environment, however I have seen another setups where there is a folder for virtual environments and other for projects.

 - How can I setup things in a way that allows several sites to be hosted in a single server?

 - Why some people suggest using `gunicorn_django -b 0.0.0.0:8000` and others suggest `gunicorn_django -b 127.0.0.1:8000`? I tested the latter in an Amazon EC2 instance but it didn&#39;t work while the former worked without problem.

 - What is the logic behind the config file of nginx? There are so many tutorials using drastically different configuration files that I&#39;m confused on which one is better. For example, some people use `alias /path/to/static/folder` and others `root /path/to/static/folder`. Maybe you can share your preferred configuration file.

 - Why do we create a symlink between `site-available` and `sites-enabled` in `/etc/nginx`?

 - Some best practices are as always welcomed :-)


Thanks

Deploying Django with gunicorn and nginx

A lot of Django app deployments over Amazon&#39;s EC2 use HTTP servers NGINX and Gunicorn. 

I was wondering what they actually do and why both are used in parallel. What is the purpose of running them both in parallel?

What is the purpose of NGINX and Gunicorn running in parallel?

When is it necessary to restart nginx and reload will not suffice?  
Does it make a difference if an extension like [passenger][1] is used?

Should the service be restarted if it consumes too much memory. Any other reasons for restarting Nginx, particularly after a configuration change either in an extension or a Nginx core config?

After making a configuration change, one can either restart or reload nginx, via the [binary][2] itself or the init.d script &quot;/etc/init.d/nginx -h&quot; on Ubuntu.  Which method should be preferred? 

  [1]: http://www.modrails.com/documentation/Users%20guide%20Nginx.html
  [2]: http://wiki.nginx.org/CommandLine#Starting.2C_Stopping.2C_and_Restarting_Nginx

When to restart and not reload Nginx?

I need to save the whole output of [Screen][1] to a file to check later all the content.

The reason is that I&#39;m dumping a flash memory through a serial port, using Screen to interface with it. I would like to save it to a file to check memory structure.

I&#39;ve tried:

    $: screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 &gt;&gt; foo.txt
    $: screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 | tee foo.txt

And I&#39;ve also tried to use bufferfile from screen, but I don&#39;t understand how to use it.

Is there an easy way?

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Screen




Save Screen (program) output to a file

How can I make a backup of my meteor mongo database?

If I run:

    meteor mongo

the mongodump command does not work inside the meteor mongoshell

meteor: how can I backup my mongo database

I&#39;m writing a crawler which uses Hpricot. It downloads a list of strings from some webpage, then I try to write it to the file. Something is wrong with the encoding:

    &quot;\xC3&quot; from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8

I have items which are rendered on a webpage and printed this way: 

    D&#195;&#169;veloppement

the `str.encoding` returns `UTF-8`, so `force_encoding(&#39;UTF-8&#39;)` doesn&#39;t help. How may I convert this to readable UTF-8?

How to convert a string to UTF8 in Ruby

My code creates a dictionary, which is then stored in a variable.
I want to write each dictionary to a JSON file, but I want each dictionary to be on a new line.

My dictionary:

    hostDict = {&quot;key1&quot;: &quot;val1&quot;, &quot;key2&quot;: &quot;val2&quot;, &quot;key3&quot;: {&quot;sub_key1&quot;: &quot;sub_val2&quot;, &quot;sub_key2&quot;: &quot;sub_val2&quot;, &quot;sub_key3&quot;: &quot;sub_val3&quot;}, &quot;key4&quot;: &quot;val4&quot;}

Part of my code:

    g = open(&#39;data.txt&#39;, &#39;a&#39;)
    with g as outfile:
      json.dump(hostDict, outfile)

This appends each dictionary to &#39;data.txt&#39; but it does so inline. I want each dictionary entry to be on new line. 
Any advice would be appreciated.



Python JSON dump / append to .txt with each variable on new line

I&#39;m trying to restore my dump file, but it caused an error:

    psql:psit.sql:27485: invalid command \N

Is there a solution? I searched, but I didn&#39;t get a clear answer.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	est	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Linux	Gordon	View Answer on Stackoverflow

dump conf from running nginx process

Linux Problem Overview

Linux Solutions

Solution 1 - Linux

Get previous value of an observable in subscribe of same observable

Convert returned JSON Object Properties to (lower first) camelCase

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