I realize that the **csv** library in Python always generates DOS end-of-line characters. Even if I use the `&#39;wb&#39;` mode, even if I use Linux.

    import csv
    
    f = open(&#39;output.txt&#39;, &#39;wb&#39;);
    writer = csv.writer(f)
    writer.writerow([2,3,4]);
    f.close()

The above code always uses `&#39;\r\n&#39;` as the end of line separator.  How can I make it use use `&#39;\n&#39;` only?

Does Python csv writer always use DOS end-of-line characters?

I have created a text file in Unix environment using Java code.

For writing the text file I am using `java.io.FileWriter` and `BufferedWriter`. And for newline after each row I am using `bw.newLine()` method (where `bw` is object of `BufferedWriter`).

And I&#39;m sending that text file by attaching in mail from Unix environment itself (automated that using Unix commands).

My issue is, after I download the text file from mail in a Windows system, if I 
opened that text file the data is not properly aligned. `newline()` character is 
not working, I think so.

I want same text file alignment as it is in Unix environment, if I opened the
text file in Windows environment also.

How do I resolve the problem?

Java code below for your reference (running in Unix environment):

    File f = new File(strFileGenLoc);
    BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(f, false));
    rs = stmt.executeQuery(&quot;select * from jpdata&quot;);
    while ( rs.next() ) {
        bw.write(rs.getString(1)==null? &quot;&quot;:rs.getString(1));
        bw.newLine();
    }

  
          
      

Carriage Return\Line feed in Java

Visual Studio will detect inconsistent line endings when opening a file and there is an option to fix it for that specific file. However, if I want to fix line endings for all files in a solution, how do I do that?

How to fix inconsistent line endings for whole VS solution?

When running a simple PowerShell script from Task Scheduler, I would like to redirect the output to a file. 

There is a long thread about this very topic [here][1], yet it&#39;s not clear if they reached the most appropriate solution in the end. I&#39;m interested if anyone on Stack&amp;nbsp;Overflow has also solved this problem, and how they did it?

  [1]: http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/winserverpowershell/thread/32952fdf-b3b8-44f9-a3c4-62bd802b1f39




How can I redirect PowerShell output when run from Task Scheduler?

I have a bunch (hundreds) of files that are supposed to have Unix line endings. I strongly suspect that some of them have Windows line endings, and I want to programmatically figure out which ones do.

I know I can just run &lt;pre&gt;flip -u&lt;/pre&gt; or something similar in a script to convert everything, but I want to be able to identify those files that need changing first.

How to determine the line ending of a file

How are `\r` and `\n` different? I think it has something to do with Unix vs. Windows vs. Mac, but I&#39;m not sure exactly how they&#39;re different, and which to search for/match in regexes.

What is the difference between \r and \n?

I have been bitten by the Windows/Linux line-ending issue with git.  It seems, via GitHub, MSysGit, and other sources, that the best solution is to have your local repos set to use linux-style line endings, but set `core.autocrlf` to `true`.  Unfortunately, I didn&#39;t do this early enough, so now every time I pull changes the line endings are borked.

I thought I had found an answer [here][1] but I can&#39;t get it to work for me.  My Linux command line knowledge is limited at best, so i am not even sure what the &quot;xargs fromdos&quot; line does in his script.  I keep getting messages about no such file or directory existing, and when I manage to point it to an existing directory, it tells me I don&#39;t have permissions. 

I&#39;ve tried this with MSysGit on Windows and via the Mac OS X terminal.


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1011985/line-endings-messed-up-in-git-how-to-track-changes-from-another-branch-after-a/1060828#1060828

Trying to fix line-endings with git filter-branch, but having no luck

I was trying to use the following code to read lines from a file. But when reading a [file](http://dl.dropbox.com/u/559353/rss20.xml.txt), the contents are all in one line:

    line_num=0
    File.open(&#39;xxx.txt&#39;).each do |line|
      print &quot;#{line_num += 1} #{line}&quot;
    end

But this [file](http://dl.dropbox.com/u/559353/new.txt) prints each line separately.

---

I have to use stdin, like `ruby my_prog.rb &lt; file.txt`, where I can&#39;t assume what the line-ending character is that the file uses. How can I handle it?


How to read lines of a file in Ruby

Visual Studio occasionally tells me:

&gt; The line endings in the following files are not consistent. Do you want to normalize the line endings?

It then gives me a drop down with different standards or something, such as Windows, Mac, Unix, and a couple of Unicode ones.

What does this mean and what is going to happen if I click `Yes`?

What does Visual Studio mean by normalize inconsistent line endings?

When using eslint in the gulp project i have encountered a problem with error like this  
`Expected linebreaks to be &#39;LF&#39; but found &#39;CRLF&#39;  linebreak-style` and I am using Windows environment for the running gulp and the entire error log is given below

     Kiran (master *) Lesson 4 $ gulp
     Using gulpfile c:\Users\Sai\Desktop\web-build-tools\4\
     gulpfile.js
     Starting &#39;styles&#39;...
     Finished &#39;styles&#39; after 17 ms
     Starting &#39;lint&#39;...
     &#39;lint&#39; errored after 1.14 s
     ESLintError in plugin &#39;gulp-eslint&#39;
     sage: Expected linebreaks to be &#39;LF&#39; but found &#39;CRLF&#39;.
     ails: fileName: c:\Users\Sai\Desktop\web-build-tools\4\js\extra.js
    
     
    
    $&gt;Users\Sai\Desktop\web-build-tools\4\js\extra.js
    error  Expected linebreaks to be &#39;LF&#39; but found &#39;CRLF&#39;  linebreak-style
    

I have also including **extra.js** file as the error indicating possible mistake.

    function getWindowHeight() {
    	return window.innerHeight;
    }
    
    getWindowHeight();

Expected linebreaks to be &#39;LF&#39; but found &#39;CRLF&#39; linebreak-style

Following situation:

I&#39;m working on a Mac running OS X and recently joined a project whose members so far all use Windows. One of my first tasks was to set up the codebase in a Git repository, so I pulled the directory tree from FTP and tried to check it into the Git repo I had prepared locally. When trying to do this, all I got was this

    fatal: CRLF would be replaced by LF in blog/license.txt.

Since this affects all files below the &quot;blog&quot; folder, I&#39;m looking for a way to conveniently convert ALL files in the tree to Unix line-endings. Is there a tool that does that out of the box or do I get scripting something myself?

For reference, my Git config concerning line-endings:

    core.safecrlf=true
    core.autocrlf=input


Convert line-endings for whole directory tree (Git)

With Git, when using the `autocrlf = true` flag, a warning is still given when line-endings are changed.

I understand what the warning is for, and how to turn off the line-ending flag, but how do I turn off the warning itself?

With Git, how do I turn off the &quot;LF will be replaced by CRLF&quot; warning

How do I make 

&gt; git status

ignore line ending differences?

Background info:

I use randomly Windows and Linux to work on the project. The project is in Dropbox.

I found a lot about how do make git diff ignore line endings. Since i use meld git diff opens meld for each file. And meld says &quot;identical file&quot;. 

So how do I avoid this. Git should only open meld for changed files.
And git status should not report files as changed if only the file ending is different.

**EDIT: Cause:**

This happened because of this setting on Windows 

&gt; core.autocrlf true

So I checked out the working copy on Linux and set core.autocrlf false on Windows.

It would be still nice to know how to make git status ignore different new lines.

Git status ignore line endings / identical files / windows &amp; linux environment / dropbox / meld

Here is my `Settings - User` config:

    {
    	&quot;auto_indent&quot;: true,
    	&quot;color_scheme&quot;: &quot;Packages/Color Scheme - Default/Twilight.tmTheme&quot;,
    	&quot;default_line_ending&quot;: &quot;LF&quot;,
    	&quot;detect_indentation&quot;: true,
    	&quot;font_size&quot;: 10.0,
    	&quot;ignored_packages&quot;:
    	[
    		&quot;Vintage&quot;
    	],
    	&quot;indent_to_bracket&quot;: false,
    	&quot;smart_indent&quot;: true,
    	&quot;tab_size&quot;: 4,
    	&quot;translate_tabs_to_spaces&quot;: true,
    	&quot;trim_automatic_white_space&quot;: true,
    	&quot;use_tab_stops&quot;: true
    }

Comment to `default_line_ending` option says:
![Comment to default_line_ending option][1]


When I create a new file, I check line ending here:

![Check line ending][2]


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/ZfhVO.png
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/3Q7wR.png

As you can see it&#39;s still Windows...
Any ideas?

Fixing Sublime Text 2 line endings?

Is it possible for `git merge` to ignore line-ending differences?

Maybe I&#39;m asking the wrong question ... but:

I tried uisng `config.crlf input` but things got a bit messy and out of control, specially when I applied it *after the fact*.

For one thing, applying this config after the fact doesn&#39;t seem to affect files that were committed to the repository before applying this option. Another thing is that suddenly all commits now result in lots of annoying warning messages about CRLF being converted to LF.

To be honest, I don&#39;t really care what line-ending is used, I personally prefer the Unix style `\n`, but whatever. All I care about, is for `git merge` to be a bit smarter and ignore the differences in line-endings.

Sometimes I have two identical files, but git would mark them as being in conflict (and the conflict is the *whole* file) simply because they use a different line ending character.

### Update:

I found out that `git diff` accepts a `--ignore-space-at-eol` option, would it be possible to let `git merge` use this option as well?

Is it possible for git-merge to ignore line-ending differences?

I&#39;m trying to install YouCompleteMe from [here](http://christopherpoole.github.io/setting-up-vim-with-YouCompleteMe/).
 
When I execute:

```sh
./install.sh --clang-completer
```

I get this error: 

```sh
env: bash\r: No such file or directory
```

I don&#39;t know what&#39;s wrong with environment variables. Here&#39;s my bash path:

```sh
which bash 
/bin/bash
```

Do I need to change it to `/usr/bash`? If yes, then how should I do that? I tried changing `~/.bashrc` file, but it didn&#39;t work. 


env: bash\r: No such file or directory

I&#39;m trying to read a .csv file into R and upon using this formula:

    pheasant&lt;-read.table(file.choose(),header=TRUE,sep=&quot;,&quot;)

I get this warning message:

    &quot;incomplete final line found by readTableHeader on &#39;C:\Documents and Settings...&quot;

There are a couple of things I thought may have caused this warning, but unfortunately I don&#39;t know enough about R to diagnose the problem myself so I thought I&#39;d post here in the hope someone else can diagnose it for me! 

- the .csv file was originally an Excel file, which I saved into .csv format
- the file comprises three columns of data
- each data column is of a differing length, i.e. there are a different number of values in each column
- I want to compare the means (using t-test or equivalent depending on normal / not normal distribution) of two of the columns at a time, so for example, t-test between column 1 values and column 2 values, then a t-test of column 1 and column 3 values, etc.

Any help or suggestions would be seriously appreciated!  





&#39;Incomplete final line&#39; warning when trying to read a .csv file into R

When I run a particular SQL script in Unix environments, I&#39;m am seeing a &#39;^M&#39; character at the end of each line of the SQL script as it is echoed to the command-line.  I don&#39;t know on which OS the SQL script was originally created.

What is causing this and how do I fix it?

&#39;^M&#39; character at end of lines

My editor is changing the line endings of my source files. When I do `git diff`, I see the same line twice -- once with `-` and once with `+` -- with no visible difference.

How do I get `git diff` to show me what this change actually was?

git diff - show me line ending changes?

I have cloned a repository that had inconsistend line endings. I have added a `.gitattributes` that sets the text attribute for the files I want to normalize. Now when I commit changes I get the message:

    warning: CRLF will be replaced by LF in FILE.
    The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.

How can I make git normalize my working copy of the file for me? Preferably I would like git to normalize the entire working tree.

How to normalize working tree line endings in Git?

I understand the difference between the two so there&#39;s no need to go into that, but I&#39;m just wondering what the reasoning is behind why Windows uses both CR and LF to indicate a line break. It seems like the Linux method (just using LF) makes a lot more sense, saves space, and is easier to parse.

Why does Windows use CR LF?

I use [Windows 10 Home][1] and I usually use Visual Studio Code (VS Code) to edit Linux Bash scripts as well as PHP and JavaScript.

I don&#39;t develop anything dedicated for Windows and I wouldn&#39;t mind that the default EOLs for all files I edit whatsoever would be Unix like (nix).

How could I ensure that all EOLs, in all files whatsoever (from whatever file extension), are nix, in Visual Studio Code?

---

I ask this question after I&#39;ve written a few Bash scripts in Windows with Visual Studio Code, uploaded them to GitHub as part of a project, and a senior programmer that reviewed the project told me I have **Windows EOLs** there and also a **[BOM][2]** problem that I could solve if I&#39;ll change the EOLs there to be nix (or that&#39;s what I understood, at least).

---

Because all my development is Linux-oriented, I would prefer that by default, **any** file I edit would have nix EOLs, even if it&#39;s Windows unique.

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_10_editions#Baseline_editions
  [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark





How can I make all line endings (EOLs) in all files in Visual Studio Code, Unix-like?

We would like to use Visual Studio 2005 to work on a local copy of an SVN repository. This local copy has been checked out by Mac OS X (and updates and commits will only be made under Mac OS X, so no problem there), and as a consequence the line endings are UNIX-style.

We fear that Visual Studio will introduce Windows-style line endings. Is it possible to force Visual Studio to use UNIX line endings?

Configure Visual Studio to use UNIX line endings

Is there an easy way to get the type of line ending that the current operating system uses?

Python get proper line ending

I&#39;m using gVim on Windows. My code shows `^M` characters at the end of lines. I used `:set ff=dos` to no avail. The `^M` characters remain for existing lines, but don&#39;t show up for newlines I enter.  I&#39;ve switched modes to mac (shows `^J` characters) and unix (also shows `^M` characters) and back to dos.  Has anyone else seen this?

gVim showing carriage return (^M) even when file mode is explicitly DOS

I have some code in a python string that contains extraneous empty lines.  I would like to remove all empty lines from the string.  What&#39;s the most pythonic way to do this?

Note: I&#39;m not looking for a general code re-formatter, just a quick one or two-liner. 

Thanks!

What&#39;s a quick one-liner to remove empty lines from a python string?

I&#39;m trying to use something in bash to show me the line endings in a file printed rather than interpreted. The file is a dump from SSIS/SQL Server being read in by a Linux machine for processing.

* Are there any switches within `vi`, `less`, `more`, etc?

* In addition to seeing the line-endings, I need to know what type of line end it is (`CRLF` or `LF`). How do I find that out?

How to find out line-endings in a text file?

I have a Git repository that is accessed from both Windows and OS X, and that I know already contains some files with CRLF line-endings. As far as I can tell, there are two ways to deal with this:

1. Set `core.autocrlf` to `false` everywhere,

2. Follow the instructions [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1510798/trying-to-fix-line-endings-with-git-filter-branch-but-having-no-luck/1511273#1511273) (echoed on GitHub&#39;s help pages) to convert the repository to contain only LF line-endings, and thereafter set &lt;code&gt;core.autocrlf&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; on Windows and &lt;code&gt;input&lt;/code&gt; on OS X. The problem with doing this is that if I have any binary files in the repository that: 

 1. are not correctly marked as binary in gitattributes, and 
 2. happen to contain both CRLFs and LFs,

    they will be corrupted. It is possible my repository contains such files.

So why shouldn&#39;t I just turn off Git&#39;s line-ending conversion? There are a lot of vague warnings on the web about having &lt;code&gt;core.autocrlf&lt;/code&gt; switched off causing problems, but very few *specific* ones; the only that I&#39;ve found so far are that kdiff3 cannot handle CRLF endings (not a problem for me), and that some text editors have line-ending issues (also not a problem for me).

The repository is internal to my company, and so I don&#39;t need to worry about sharing it with people with different autocrlf settings or line-ending requirements.

Are there any other problems with just leaving line-endings as-is that I am unaware of?


Why should I use core.autocrlf=true in Git?

Is there a way to *always* have LF line endings in Visual Studio? I can never seem to find it!

How do I force unix (LF) line endings in Visual Studio (Express) 2008?

As we all know, the linebreaks (new line) used in Windows are usually carriage returns (CR) followed by a line feed (LF) i.e. (CRLF) whereas, Linux and Unix use a simple line feed (LF)

Now, in my case, my build server uses supports Linux and Unix format so, below rule is working perfectly on build server:

    linebreak-style: [&quot;error&quot;, &quot;unix&quot;]

But I am doing development on Windows and I need to update rule on each *git pull/git push* as below,

    linebreak-style: [&quot;error&quot;, &quot;windows&quot;]

So, is there any way to write a generic *linebreak-style* rule to support both environments, Linux/Unix and Windows?

**Note**: I am using ECMAScript6[js], WebStorm[ide] for development

Any solutions/suggestions would be highly appreciated. Thanks! 

How can I write a ESLint rule for &quot;linebreak-style&quot;, changing depending on Windows or Unix?

I am diffing a file between forked and upstream Bitbucket repositories:

`$ git diff origin/branchA..upstream/branchB -- some/file/path.xyz`

It seems to return the same difference for almost every file:

    -&lt;U+FEFF&gt;@using Sitecore.Mvc
    +@using Sitecore.Mvc^M


What is the exact meaning of `^M` that only shows up after the first line? I see this issue when I compare other files as well. I am on a [Windows Server 2008][1] R2 machine. `core.autocrlf` is set to `true`. The .gitattributes is set to `text eol=lf`. My Git version is 2.5.1.windows.1.

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008




All Line Endings Solutions on Gang of Coders

Total of 31 Line Endings Solutions