`echo` appends a `\n` since you usually do not want lines not ending with a linebreak in your shell (it looks really ugly if the prompt does not start at the very left).  
Use the `-n` argument to omit the trailing linebreak and it will print the same checksum as your python script:

    &gt; echo -n mystringforhash | md5sum
    86b6423cb6d211734fc7d81bbc5e11d3  -

I want to add a class, wait 2 seconds and add another class.

    .addClass(&quot;load&quot;).wait(2sec).addClass(&quot;done&quot;);

Is there any way?

wait() or sleep() function in jquery?

Is there a way to know whether an `AVPlayer` playback has stalled or reached the end?

Check play state of AVPlayer

A Python MD5 hash is different than the one created by the md5sum command on the shell. Why?


    &gt;&gt;&gt; import hashlib
    &gt;&gt;&gt; h = hashlib.md5()
    &gt;&gt;&gt; h.update(&quot;mystringforhash&quot;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; print h.hexdigest()
    86b6423cb6d211734fc7d81bbc5e11d3 # Result from Python

    
    $ echo mystringforhash | md5sum
    686687dd68c5de717b34569dbfb8d3c3  - # Result on the shell





Why is an MD5 hash created by Python different from one created using echo and md5sum in the shell?

A Python MD5 hash is different than the one created by the md5sum command on the shell. Why?
<pre><code class="hljs language-python-repl">>>> import hashlib
>>> h = hashlib.md5()
>>> h.update("mystringforhash")
>>> print h.hexdigest()
86b6423cb6d211734fc7d81bbc5e11d3 # Result from Python


$ echo mystringforhash | md5sum
686687dd68c5de717b34569dbfb8d3c3 - # Result on the shell
</code></pre>

I am attempting to put together a simple c++ test project that uses an embedded python 3.2 interpreter. The project builds fine but Py_Initialize raises a fatal error:

    Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: unable to load the file system codec
    LookupError: no codec search functions registered: can&#39;t find encoding

**Minimal code:**

    #include &lt;Python.h&gt;

    int main (int, char**)
    {
      Py_Initialize ();
      Py_Finalize ();
      return 0;
    }


The OS is 32bit Vista.

The python version used is a python 3.2 debug build, built from sources using VC++ 10.

The python_d.exe file from the same build runs without any problems.

Could someone explain the problem and how to fix it? My own google-fu fails me.

**EDIT 1**

After going through the python source code I&#39;ve found that, as the error says, no codec search functions have been registered. Both `codec_register` and `PyCodec_Register` are as they should be. It&#39;s just that nowhere in the code are any of these functions called.

I don&#39;t really know what this means as I still have no idea when and from where these functions should have been called. The code that raises the error is entirely missing from the source of my other python build (3.1.3).

**EDIT 2**

Answered my own question below.

Py_Initialize fails - unable to load the file system codec

Let&#39;s say I have a list like this:

    mylist = [[&quot;A&quot;,0], [&quot;B&quot;,1], [&quot;C&quot;,0], [&quot;D&quot;,2], [&quot;E&quot;,2]]

How can I most elegantly group this to get this list output in Python:

    [[&quot;A&quot;, &quot;C&quot;], [&quot;B&quot;], [&quot;D&quot;, &quot;E&quot;]]

So the values are grouped by the secound value but the order is preserved...


Group list by values

I&#39;m in a situation where it would be extremely useful (though not strictly necessary) to access a class&#39; instancemethod as an attribute. (it&#39;s for an API that uses getattr to set some return values for a dictionary and I don&#39;t want to mess the neat little thing up)

I remember reading something about an `@attribute` decorator, but I can&#39;t find one (either in Python or Django)

TL;DR:

How do I make this:

    class foo:
        bar = &quot;bar&quot;
        def baz(self):
            return &quot;baz&quot;

do this:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; f = foo()
    &gt;&gt;&gt; f.baz
    &quot;baz&quot;

(edit for clarity) instead of this:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; f = foo()
    &gt;&gt;&gt; f.baz
    &lt;bound method foo.baz of &lt;__builtin__.foo instance at 0x...&gt;&gt;
    

Accessing function as attribute in a Python class

I used to use the shebang 

    #!/usr/bin/env python

When is it better to use

    #!/usr/bin/python

What is the exact difference between them?

What&#39;s the difference between python shebangs with /usr/bin/env rather than hard-path?

I want to build a query for sunburnt(solr interface) using class inheritance and therefore adding key - value pairs together. The sunburnt interface takes keyword arguments. How can I transform a dict `({&#39;type&#39;:&#39;Event&#39;})` into keyword arguments `(type=&#39;Event&#39;)`?

Converting Python dict to kwargs?

shell gurus,

I have a bash shell script, in which I launch a background function, say `foo()`, to display a progress bar for a boring and long command:

    foo()
    {
        while [ 1 ]
        do
            #massively cool progress bar display code
            sleep 1
        done
    }
    
    foo &amp;
    foo_pid=$!

    boring_and_long_command
    kill $foo_pid &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1
    sleep 10


now, when `foo` dies, I see the following text:

    /home/user/script: line XXX: 30290 Killed                  foo

This totally destroys the awesomeness of my, otherwise massively cool, progress bar display.

How do I get rid of this message?

bash: silently kill background function process

When writing shell programs, we often use `/bin/sh` and `/bin/bash`. I usually use `bash`, but I don&#39;t know what&#39;s the difference between them.

What&#39;s main difference between Bash and `sh`?

What do we need to be aware of when programming in Bash and `sh`?




Difference between sh and Bash

I&#39;m making a shell script to export a sqlite query to a csv file, just like this:

     #!/bin/bash
    ./bin/sqlite3 ./sys/xserve_sqlite.db &quot;.headers on&quot;
    ./bin/sqlite3 ./sys/xserve_sqlite.db &quot;.mode csv&quot;
    ./bin/sqlite3 ./sys/xserve_sqlite.db &quot;.output out.csv&quot;
    ./bin/sqlite3 ./sys/xserve_sqlite.db &quot;select * from eS1100_sensor_results;&quot;
    ./bin/sqlite3 ./sys/xserve_sqlite.db &quot;.exit&quot;

When executing the script, the output apears on the screen, instead of being saved to &quot;out.csv&quot;. It&#39;s working doing the same method with the command line, but I don&#39;t know why the shell script fails to export data to the file.

What am I doing wrong?


Export from sqlite to csv using shell script

I would like to run a command in Python Shell to execute a file with an argument.

For example: `execfile(&quot;abc.py&quot;)` but how to add 2 arguments?

Execute a file with arguments in Python shell

Suppose, I want to search for files having python in filename in it, in all sub directories of linux, from a shell script. How can I search in all locations using regex?

How search for files using regex in linux shell script

Consider the following:

    % md5sum /dev/null
    d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e  /dev/null
    % touch empty; md5sum empty
    d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e  empty
    % echo &#39;&#39; | md5sum
    68b329da9893e34099c7d8ad5cb9c940  -
    % perl -e &#39;print chr(0)&#39; | md5sum
    93b885adfe0da089cdf634904fd59f71  -
    % md5sum &#39;&#39;
    md5sum: : No such file or directory


First of all, I&#39;m surprised by the output of all these commands. If anything, I would expect the sum to be the same for all of them. 


Why do seemingly empty files and strings produce md5sums?

I have written some code in Python that checks for an MD5 hash in a file and makes sure the hash matches that of the original. 

Here is what I have developed:

    # Defines filename
    filename = &quot;file.exe&quot;

    # Gets MD5 from file 
    def getmd5(filename):
        return m.hexdigest()

    md5 = dict()

    for fname in filename:
        md5[fname] = getmd5(fname)

    # If statement for alerting the user whether the checksum passed or failed
    
    if md5 == &#39;&gt;md5 will go here&lt;&#39;: 
        print(&quot;MD5 Checksum passed. You may now close this window&quot;)
        input (&quot;press enter&quot;)
    else:
        print(&quot;MD5 Checksum failed. Incorrect MD5 in file &#39;filename&#39;. Please download a new copy&quot;)
        input(&quot;press enter&quot;) 
    exit


But whenever I run the code, I get the following error:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File &quot;C:\Users\Username\md5check.py&quot;, line 13, in &lt;module&gt;
     md5[fname] = getmd5(fname)
    File &quot;C:\Users\Username\md5check.py, line 9, in getmd5
      return m.hexdigest()
    NameError: global name &#39;m&#39; is not defined

Is there anything I am missing in my code?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	mailGO	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	ThiefMaster	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Why is an MD5 hash created by Python different from one created using echo and md5sum in the shell?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Check play state of AVPlayer

wait() or sleep() function in jquery?

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