This option was introduced in order to remove the need to deploy very large PIAs (Primary Interop Assemblies) for interop.

It simply embeds the managed bridging code used that allows you to talk to unmanaged assemblies, but instead of embedding it all it only creates the stuff you actually use in code.

Read more in Scott Hanselman&#39;s blog post about it and other VS improvements here: [CLR and DLR and BCL, oh my! - Whirlwind Tour around .NET 4 (and Visual Studio 2010) Beta 1][1].

As for whether it is advised or not, I&#39;m not sure as I don&#39;t need to use this feature. A quick web search yields a few leads:

 - [Check your Embed Interop Types flag when doing Visual Studio extensibility work][2]
 - [The Pain of deploying Primary Interop Assemblies][3]

The only risk of turning them all to false is more deployment concerns with PIA files and a larger deployment if some of those files are large.

  [1]: http://www.hanselman.com/blog/CLRAndDLRAndBCLOhMyWhirlwindTourAroundNET4AndVisualStudio2010Beta1.aspx
  [2]: https://weblogs.asp.net/cazzu/check-your-embed-interop-types-flag-when-doing-visual-studio-extensibility-work
  [3]: https://blogs.iis.net/samng/the-pain-of-deploying-primary-interop-assemblies

I noticed that when it&#39;s set to false, I&#39;m able to see the value of an item using the debugger.
When it was set to true, I was getting an error - 		item.FullName.GetValue	The embedded interop type &#39;FullName&#39; does not contain a definition for &#39;QBFC11Lib.IItemInventoryRet&#39; since it was not used in the compiled assembly. Consider casting to object or changing the &#39;Embed Interop Types&#39; property to true.	


I have a site to put together that has a fixed aspect ratio of approximately `16:9` landscape, like a video. 

I want to have it centred and expand to fill the available width, and the available height, but never to grow larger on either side. 

**For example:**

 1. A tall and thin page would have the content stretching the full width while maintaining a proportional height.
 2. A short wide page would have the content stretching the full height, with a proportional width.


************
There are two methods I&#39;ve been looking at:

 1. Use an image with the right aspect ratio to expand a container `div`, but I couldn&#39;t get it to behave the same way across major browsers. 
 2. Setting a proportional bottom padding, but that only works relatively to the width and ignores the height. It just keeps getting bigger with the width and displays vertical scroll bars.

***********

I know you could do this with JS quite easily, but I&#39;d like a pure CSS solution.

Any ideas?


Maintain aspect ratio of div but fill screen width and height in CSS?

I am fairly new to `git`, yet currently using it to manage our code in a team environment. I had some rebasing issues, and I fixed them using: 

    git checkout --ours filename.txt
    git add filename.txt
    git rebase --continue

Now I wish to push my changes, and so running the following command: 

    $ git push origin feature/my_feature_branch

Gave me the following error: 

    To ssh://git@coderepo.com:7999/repo/myproject.git
     ! [rejected]        feature/my_feature_branch -&gt; feature/my_feature_branch (non-fast-forward)
    error: failed to push some refs to &#39;ssh://git@coderepo.com:7999/repo/myproject.git&#39;
    hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind
    hint: its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. &#39;git pull&#39;)
    hint: before pushing again.
    hint: See the &#39;Note about fast-forwards&#39; in &#39;git push --help&#39; for details.

What can I do to get rid of this error?

Note: I am avoiding the use of `--force` option as much as possible.

Git push rejected &quot;non-fast-forward&quot;

In Visual Studio, when adding one reference to the project, the properties window has an option `Embed Inteop Types`, should we set it to `True` or `False`? What&#39;s the difference?

Since we have a lot of projects, among some of them, reference was set to `False`, others were set to `True`, it is totally mess up. And the bulid server also have the same warnings: 

&gt; [What does “reference was created to embedded interop assembly” mean?][1]

So we plan to change all the `Embed Inteop Types` to `False`, what risk would we get? 


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8156488/what-does-reference-was-created-to-embedded-interop-assembly-mean

What&#39;s the difference setting Embed Interop Types true and false in Visual Studio?

In Visual Studio, when adding one reference to the project, the properties window has an option <code>Embed Inteop Types</code>, should we set it to <code>True</code> or <code>False</code>? What's the difference?
Since we have a lot of projects, among some of them, reference was set to <code>False</code>, others were set to <code>True</code>, it is totally mess up. And the bulid server also have the same warnings:
> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8156488/what-does-reference-was-created-to-embedded-interop-assembly-mean" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">What does “reference was created to embedded interop assembly” mean?</a>
So we plan to change all the <code>Embed Inteop Types</code> to <code>False</code>, what risk would we get?

I&#39;ve created a small C# winforms application, as an added feature I was considering adding some form of error logging into it. Anyone have any suggestions for good ways to go about this? This is a feature I&#39;ve never looked into adding to previous projects, so I&#39;m open to suggestions from Developers who have more experience.

I was considering something along the lines of writing exceptions to a specified text file, or possibly a database table. This is an application that will be in use for a few months and then discarded when a larger product is finished.

Simple way to perform error logging?

I have a FluentValidator that has multiple properties like zip and county etc. I want to create a rule that takes two properties just like a RuleFor construct

    public class FooArgs
    {
        public string Zip { get; set; }
        public System.Guid CountyId { get; set; }
    }

    public class FooValidator : AbstractValidator&lt;FooArgs&gt;
    {
        RuleFor(m =&gt; m.CountyId).Must(ValidZipCounty).WithMessage(&quot;wrong Zip County&quot;);
    }

This works but I want to pass both Zip and county to the rue in order to validate. What is the best method to achieve this?

FluentValidation rule for multiple properties

Our web app is running in .Net Framework 4.0. The UI calls controller methods through ajax calls. 

We need to consume REST service from our vendor.   I am evaluating the best way to call  REST service in .Net 4.0.  The REST service requires Basic Authentication Scheme and it
can return data in both XML and JSON. There is no requirement for uploading/downloading huge data and I don&#39;t see anything in future. I took a look at few open source code projects for REST consumption and didn&#39;t find any value in those to justify additional dependency in the project. Started to evaluate `WebClient` and `HttpClient`. I downloaded HttpClient for .Net 4.0 from NuGet. 


I searched for differences between `WebClient` and `HttpClient` and [this site](https://web.archive.org/web/20140217233914/http://blogs.k10world.com/technology/webclient-httpclient-consume-http-requests/) mentioned that single HttpClient can handle concurrent calls and it can reuse resolved DNS, cookie config and authentication. I am yet to see practical values that we may gain due to the differences.

I did a quick performance test to find how `WebClient` (sync calls), `HttpClient` (sync and async) perform. and here are the results:

Using same `HttpClient` instance for all the requests (min - max)

&gt; WebClient sync: 8 ms - 167 ms  
&gt; HttpClient sync: 3 ms - 7228 ms  
&gt; HttpClient async: 985 - 10405 ms

Using a new `HttpClient` for each request (min - max)

&gt; WebClient sync: 4 ms - 297 ms  
&gt; HttpClient sync: 3 ms - 7953 ms  
&gt; HttpClient async: 1027 - 10834 ms

## Code

&lt;!-- language: lang-cs --&gt;

    public class AHNData
    {
        public int i;
        public string str;
    }

    public class Program
    {
        public static HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        private static readonly string _url = &quot;http://localhost:9000/api/values/&quot;;

        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
           #region &quot;Trace&quot;
           Trace.Listeners.Clear();

           TextWriterTraceListener twtl = new TextWriterTraceListener(
               &quot;C:\\Temp\\REST_Test.txt&quot;);
           twtl.Name = &quot;TextLogger&quot;;
           twtl.TraceOutputOptions = TraceOptions.ThreadId | TraceOptions.DateTime;

           ConsoleTraceListener ctl = new ConsoleTraceListener(false);
           ctl.TraceOutputOptions = TraceOptions.DateTime;

           Trace.Listeners.Add(twtl);
           Trace.Listeners.Add(ctl);
           Trace.AutoFlush = true;
           #endregion

           int batchSize = 1000;

           ParallelOptions parallelOptions = new ParallelOptions();
           parallelOptions.MaxDegreeOfParallelism = batchSize;

           ServicePointManager.DefaultConnectionLimit = 1000000;

           Parallel.For(0, batchSize, parallelOptions,
               j =&gt;
               {
                   Stopwatch sw1 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
                   GetDataFromHttpClientAsync&lt;List&lt;AHNData&gt;&gt;(sw1);
               });
           Parallel.For(0, batchSize, parallelOptions,
                j =&gt;
                {
                    Stopwatch sw1 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
                    GetDataFromHttpClientSync&lt;List&lt;AHNData&gt;&gt;(sw1);
                });
           Parallel.For(0, batchSize, parallelOptions,
                j =&gt;
                {
                    using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
                    {
                       Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
                       byte[] arr = client.DownloadData(_url);
                       sw.Stop();
    
                       Trace.WriteLine(&quot;WebClient Sync &quot; + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
                    }
               });

               Console.Read();
            }
    
            public static T GetDataFromWebClient&lt;T&gt;()
            {
                using (var webClient = new WebClient())
                {
                    webClient.BaseAddress = _url;
                    return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject&lt;T&gt;(
                        webClient.DownloadString(_url));
                }
            }

            public static void GetDataFromHttpClientSync&lt;T&gt;(Stopwatch sw)
            {
                HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
                var response = httpClient.GetAsync(_url).Result;
                var obj = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject&lt;T&gt;(
                    response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);
                sw.Stop();

                Trace.WriteLine(&quot;HttpClient Sync &quot; + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
            }

            public static void GetDataFromHttpClientAsync&lt;T&gt;(Stopwatch sw)
            {
               HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
               var response = httpClient.GetAsync(_url).ContinueWith(
                  (a) =&gt; {
                     JsonConvert.DeserializeObject&lt;T&gt;(
                        a.Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);
                     sw.Stop();
                     Trace.WriteLine(&quot;HttpClient Async &quot; + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
                  }, TaskContinuationOptions.None);
            }
        }
    }

## My Questions
   
1. The REST calls return in 3-4s which is acceptable.  Calls to REST
   service are initiated in controller methods which gets invoked from
   ajax calls. To begin with, the calls run in a different thread and
   doesn&#39;t block UI. So, can I just stick with sync calls?
2. The above code was run in my localbox. In prod setup, DNS and proxy
   lookup will be involved. Is there any advantage of using `HttpClient` over `WebClient`?
3. Is `HttpClient` concurrency better than `WebClient` ? From the test results, I see        `WebClient` sync calls perform better.
4. Will `HttpClient` be a better design choice if we upgrade to .Net 4.5? Performance is the key design factor.

Deciding between HttpClient and WebClient

I&#39;m building/packing a web application in a build server, and it fails with the following message:

&gt; ASPNETCOMPILER error ASPCONFIG: The CodeDom provider type
&gt; &quot;Microsoft.VisualC.CppCodeProvider, CppCodeProvider, Version=10.0.0.0,
&gt; Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a&quot; could not be
&gt; located.

This is the build server environment:

 - Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard
 - TeamCity 8.0.4
 - .NET 4.5
 - Windows SDK for Windows 7 and .NET 4
 - Windows SDK for Windows 8 and .NET 4.5
 - Portable Class Library Tools
 - ASP MVC 4

It is a ASP MVC 4 web application, targeting .NET 4.5.

The build configuration consists in building the solution with MSBuild, and deploying it to a package, so I can publish it later.

Through the log of TeamCity, I can see the error arising when MSBuild runs `aspnet_compiler.exe`.

The builds with no problem in my DEV machine and can also publish it to a local IIS without problems.

Does anyone know what may be causing this issue?

**UPDATE**

[See my answer below.][1]

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/20963170/702828

Web Application Build Error: The CodeDom provider type Microsoft.VisualC.CppCodeProvider could not be located

I&#39;ve got a c# Windows Store app. I&#39;m trying to launch a `MessageDialog` when one of the command buttons inside another `MessageDialog` is clicked. The point of this is to warn the user that their content is unsaved, and if they click cancel, it will prompt them to save using a separate save dialog. 

Here&#39;s my &quot;showCloseDialog&quot; function: 

    private async Task showCloseDialog()
    {
        if (b_editedSinceSave)
        {
            var messageDialog = new MessageDialog(&quot;Unsaved work detected. Close anyway?&quot;, &quot;Confirmation Message&quot;);

            messageDialog.Commands.Add(new UICommand(&quot;Yes&quot;, (command) =&gt;
            {
                // close document
                editor.Document.SetText(TextSetOptions.None, &quot;&quot;);
            }));

            messageDialog.Commands.Add(new UICommand(&quot;No&quot;, (command) =&gt;
            {
                // save document
                await showSaveDialog();
            }));

            messageDialog.DefaultCommandIndex = 1;
            await messageDialog.ShowAsync();
        }
    }

In VS I get a compiler error:

&gt;The &#39;await&#39; operator can only be used within an async lambda expression. Consider marking this lambda expression with the &#39;async&#39; modifier`

The method is marked with `await`. If I remove `await` from before showSaveDialog, it compiles (and works) but I get a warning that I really should use `await`

How do I use `await` in this context? 

The &#39;await&#39; operator can only be used within an async lambda expression

I&#39;m using Visual Studio 2013 and as you probably know there is no ASP.NET Web Configuration Tool. I wanted as always make fast roles etc. I tried enable it using this article: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/webdev/archive/2013/08/19/asp-net-web-configuration-tool-missing-in-visual-studio-2013.aspx?PageIndex=2#comments . But I&#39;m getting &quot;Invalid application path&quot; error. Any solutions to this error or workarounds?

Visual Studio 2013 and ASP.NET Web Configuration Tool

What are the most modern approaches to *unit testing* for the C++ language? The class of the languages with bigger introspection power (like Python) have unit testing frameworks that are somehow more natural to use. Unit tests can be defined more easily. In comparison, the classical `CppUnit` (based on  `JUnit`) seems to take very conservative approach. Is there anything newer and better that uses the specific power of C++ (or even C++11) to make the life easier?

I have been using `CppUnit` framework for a while in rather simplistic way for parts of the project on Windows native C++ (Visual Studio 2005 and 2010). We did not choose the Test Driven Development approach earlier, because there already was a lot of legacy code, and we had found it quite difficult to add tests for it. We had to refactor the application, but adding all the nice tests would be time consuming even in the case.

Recently, we have switched to Visual Studio 2013 (because of the C++11 standard implementation), and we are going to start new, rather long-term project.

Having the previous good (small) experience with unit testing, I would like to try the Test Driven Development approach. As the project is not a tiny one (expected size about the same as the older one, i.e. about 200 k lines of code), I prefer rather more easy (but not less capable) framework.

There is a chance the new project could lead to cross-platform implementation (Windows and Linux). There is a unit testing support in Visual Studio 2013, but I have no experience with it and how would it fit with the cross-platform.

So far, I have found the [list of unit testing frameworks for C++][1]. However, one cannot see how they differ in principle. I currently have three candidates (conservative choice):

- Boost -- the probable candidate; testbed for C++ standards; hence it is likely it is to be widely accepted; probably the biggest user group. It seems to be more advanced than `CppUnit`.
- CppUnit -- I know it, but it writing all of the code around is not a pleasure.
- Visual Studio 2013 built-in -- new to me, somehow can generate the skeletons probably.

Anyway, it seems that all of the three use similar approach. Possibly the VS2013 supports generating the code, but it does not mean it leads to anything simpler.

Is there any radically new approach?


  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unit_testing_frameworks#C.2B.2B

State of the art C++ Unit Testing?

How can I use the Sass CSS preprocessor in **Visual Studio 2013**? Are there any extensions that provide support for Sass?

How to use Sass in Visual Studio 2013

I&#39;ve used the System.Windows.Interactivity DLL in several projects without any problem.
Now in my latest project I can&#39;t get it to work. I always get the following error:

The name &quot;Interaction&quot; does not exist in the namespace &quot;http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity&quot;.	

    &lt;i:Interaction.Triggers&gt;
        &lt;EventTrigger EventName=&quot;SelectionChanged&quot;&gt;
            &lt;i:InvokeCommandAction Command=&quot;{Binding AddSelectLocomotifCommand}&quot;
                CommandParameter=&quot;{Binding SelectedItem, ElementName=listBoxLocs}&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;/EventTrigger&gt;
    &lt;/i:Interaction.Triggers&gt;

And the namespace: 

    xmlns:i=&quot;http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity&quot;

Both `Microsoft.Expression.Interactions` and `System.Windows.Interactivity` are added to the projects references and I even copied the DLL&#39;s to a folder within my project.

Any idea how this comes? I use VS2012 with .NET 4.5


The name &quot;Interaction&quot; does not exist in the namespace &quot;http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity&quot;

Can I use Visual Studio to learn C programming? In the new project menu I can choose between Visual Basic, Visual C#, Visual C++, Visual F# and others but I don&#39;t see &quot;C&quot; or &quot;Visual C&quot;.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Jerry Bian	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - C#	Adam Houldsworth	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - C#	user890332	View Answer on Stackoverflow

What's the difference setting Embed Interop Types true and false in Visual Studio?

C# Problem Overview

C# Solutions

Solution 1 - C#

Solution 2 - C#

Git push rejected "non-fast-forward"

Maintain aspect ratio of div but fill screen width and height in CSS?

Attributions