What is minimum millisecond value of setTimeout?

I would like to put

var minValue = 0;
if ( typeof callback == 'function' ) {
    setTimeout( callback, minValue );
}

this code when I implement callback function with JavaScript.

But I've found that modern browsers and some old browsers

have different minimum timeout value.

I know that Zero cannot be minimum value.

What would be minimum value of setTimeout for

modern browsers and some old browsers for compatibility issues?

I think that 10 will be the most reliable minimum in all browser, since I've seen a lot of codes using it.

However, 4ms is the minimum for HTML5

>In fact, 4ms is specified by the HTML5 spec and is consistent across browsers released in 2010 and onward. Prior to (Firefox 5.0 / Thunderbird 5.0 / SeaMonkey 2.2) , the minimum timeout value for nested timeouts was 10 ms.

The minimum is 4ms (as of HTML5) in modern browser, prior to that, it was 10ms. Note that these times are never 100% accurate.

setTimeout is most probably calling the sleep or Sleep system call.

The actual mechanics, including the minimum amount of milliseconds, of setTimeout are proprietary and/or system-dependent, since they are not in the official ECMA specs. It depends on your Javascript run-time, as well as the system you are running it on. Given, your Javascript run-time does not add a whole lot of overhead, the minimum amount of milliseconds is determined by the timeslice resolution of your operating system and hardware. The smallest "sleepable" amount of time is usually the time it takes for the process to be allocated another timeslice by your system's scheduling algorithm.

On Windows (post XP) for example, the documentation for the sleep system call reveals:

> A value of zero causes the thread to relinquish the remainder of its > time slice to any other thread that is ready to run. If there are no > other threads ready to run, the function returns immediately, and the > thread continues execution.

That means, under some extremely rare conditions, where there is no other process currently waiting on the hardware thread that your Javascript run-time process is running on, it might continue immediately after the caller finished executing, depending on how your Javascript run-time is implemented. You will probably not observe such condition very often though :)

This article tests Firefox, Safari, and Opera and plots performance graphs:

http://ejohn.org/blog/analyzing-timer-performance/

> Firefox 2, Opera, and Safari all have a bottom window of 10ms for delays

For older browsers, you can do a test like the one in that article. I just ran a test that I had from a while ago of setInterval using a 10ms interval in IE6, and I got an average of 55ms. setTimeout seems to be lower at 35ms.

I ran the test in Chromium and got ~11ms average for a 10ms timeout. I tried it with 4ms and 1ms intervals and got ~4.5ms for both. Also, keep in mind that the numbers could vary among operating systems.

If you're interested, here's the test code:

<script>
// number of times to call setTimeout before calculating average
var ITERATIONS = 200;

window.onload = function()
{
    testTimeout(10, +new Date, 0, 0);
}

// calls setTimeout repeatedly at a specified interval, tracking the amount
// of time that passes between successive calls
function testTimeout(interval, last, sum, ii)
{
    var time = +new Date;
    var difference = time - last;
    sum += difference;
    if (ii % ITERATIONS == 1)
    {
        document.body.innerHTML = sum / ITERATIONS;
        sum = 0;
    }
    window.setTimeout(
        function() {
            testTimeout(interval, time, sum, ii + 1)
        }, interval);
}
</script>