According to [RFC 5737][1]:

&gt; The blocks 192.0.2.0/24 (TEST-NET-1), 198.51.100.0/24 (TEST-NET-2),
&gt; and 203.0.113.0/24 (TEST-NET-3) are provided for use in documentation.

This means you can use pick an IP address from these ranges:

 - 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.255
 - 198.51.100.0 - 198.51.100.255
 - 203.0.113.0 - 203.0.113.255

  [1]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5737

If you&#39;re looking for a truly invalid IP address (as opposed to an unrouteable one), you can take advantage of the fact that the first byte of a [Class A][1] address cannot be `0`.

For example:

    0.42.42.42


  [1]: http://www.comptechdoc.org/independent/networking/guide/netaddressing.html

The answer from Jonathan (and it&#39;s comments) are good for IPv4

If your tests support IPv6 it has an explicit black hole you can use: `0100::/64` as defined in [RFC 6666][1]

It&#39;s tempting to use 254.254.254.254 since it&#39;s easy to remember, but on some platforms it gives a immediate &quot;transmit failed. General Failure&quot; rather than an actual timeout which may be an invalid unit test.

  [1]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6666

There&#39;s 3 private IP blocks you can use for such things:

10/8 (10.0.0.0 -&gt; 10.255.255.255)  (an old school Class A netblock)  

172.16/12 (172.16.0.0 -&gt; 172.131.255.255  

196.168/16 (192.168.0.0 -&gt; 192.168.255.255) (an old school Class B netblock)


254.254.254.254

Should be in the reserved for future use domain...

[RFC 1700][1]


  [1]: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1700.txt

I&#39;ve laid out some subviews with Interface Builder, but I&#39;d like to do it in code instead.

I&#39;ve read the  [UIView docs][UIViewAutoresizing] about setting the `view.autoresizingMask` property. I&#39;m looking for a logical explanation of how to translate the *struts* and *springs* by using the various masks offered (e.g., `UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleLeftMargin`, etc).

[UIViewAutoresizing]: http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UIKit/Reference/UIView_Class/UIView/UIView.html#//apple_ref/c/tdef/UIViewAutoresizing
 

How to use UIView autoresizingMask property programmatically?

I  want to show `ProgressDialog` when I click on Login button and it takes time to move to another page. How can I do this?



How to show progress dialog in Android?

I am writing unit tests for a client library. I want to test connecting with an invalid port and an invalid ip. What is a good ip address to use that won&#39;t potentially be routed somewhere? I don&#39;t want to make any assumptions about the network the machine running the unit tests is on. LOCALHOST seems like a bad choice since that is the valid machine running the server component and I want to test an invalid port separately. Is there an INVALID-IP reserved somewhere in the IPv4 spec?

what is a good invalid IP address to use for unit tests?

<p>I am writing unit tests for a client library. I want to test connecting with an invalid port and an invalid ip. What is a good ip address to use that won't potentially be routed somewhere? I don't want to make any assumptions about the network the machine running the unit tests is on. LOCALHOST seems like a bad choice since that is the valid machine running the server component and I want to test an invalid port separately. Is there an INVALID-IP reserved somewhere in the IPv4 spec?</p>


Has anyone succeeded in generating code coverage for Go unit tests? I can&#39;t find a tool for that on the web.

How to measure test coverage in Go

**Summary**

My JUnit tests are not finding the files they require during execution.
I&#39;m using Maven for dependency management and compilation.

**Details**

All files required by the test cases are located in: `src/test/resources`.

For example, `src/test/resources/resourceFile.txt`.

To access a resource I use the following code:

    URL url = getClass().getResource(&quot;/resourceFile.txt&quot;).getFile();
    File file = new File(url);

But then `file.exists()` returns `false`. And the error I get is:

    Tests in error: 
      myJUnitTestCase(tests.MyJUnitTestClass): /home/me/workspace/Project%20Name/target/test-classes/resourceFile.txt (No such file or directory)

Note, the following gives the same error (notice the removed `/` prefix):

    URL url = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(&quot;resourceFile.txt&quot;).getFile();
    File file = new File(url);

It seems as though the files from `src/test/resources` are not getting copied into `target/test-classes`.

Any ideas?

**The following questions did not help**

[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7613359/why-cant-i-access-src-test-resources-in-junit-test-run-with-maven][1]

[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9983426/loading-properties-file-in-junit-beforeclass][2]

[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2948861/how-to-deal-with-the-test-data-in-junit][3]

**Software Versions**

Ubuntu 12.04 

Apache Maven 2.2.1

Java 1.7.0

Eclipse (Java EE IDE for Web Developers) Indigo Service Release 2

**(truncated) Maven POM**

    &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
    &lt;project&gt;
    	&lt;modelVersion&gt;4.0.0&lt;/modelVersion&gt;
    	&lt;groupId&gt;com.groupId&lt;/groupId&gt;
    	&lt;artifactId&gt;artifactId&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    	&lt;packaging&gt;jar&lt;/packaging&gt;
    	&lt;version&gt;1.0-SNAPSHOT&lt;/version&gt;
    	&lt;name&gt;name&lt;/name&gt;
    	&lt;build&gt;
    		&lt;finalName&gt;name&lt;/finalName&gt;
    		&lt;directory&gt;target&lt;/directory&gt;
    		&lt;outputDirectory&gt;target/classes&lt;/outputDirectory&gt;
    		&lt;testOutputDirectory&gt;target/test-classes&lt;/testOutputDirectory&gt;
    		&lt;sourceDirectory&gt;src/main/java&lt;/sourceDirectory&gt;
    		&lt;testSourceDirectory&gt;src/test/java&lt;/testSourceDirectory&gt;
    		&lt;resources&gt;
    			&lt;resource&gt;
    				&lt;directory&gt;src/main/resources&lt;/directory&gt;
    			&lt;/resource&gt;
    		&lt;/resources&gt;
    		&lt;testResources&gt;
    			&lt;testResource&gt;
    				&lt;directory&gt;src/test/resources&lt;/directory&gt;
    			&lt;/testResource&gt;
    		&lt;/testResources&gt;
    		&lt;plugins&gt;
    			&lt;plugin&gt;
    				&lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.maven.plugins&lt;/groupId&gt;
    				&lt;artifactId&gt;maven-compiler-plugin&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    				&lt;configuration&gt;
    					&lt;source&gt;1.6&lt;/source&gt;
    					&lt;target&gt;1.6&lt;/target&gt;
    					&lt;encoding&gt;UTF-8&lt;/encoding&gt;
    				&lt;/configuration&gt;
    			&lt;/plugin&gt;
    		&lt;/plugins&gt;
    	&lt;/build&gt;
    	&lt;dependencies&gt;
    		&lt;dependency&gt;
    			&lt;groupId&gt;junit&lt;/groupId&gt;
    			&lt;artifactId&gt;junit&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    			&lt;version&gt;4.10&lt;/version&gt;
    			&lt;scope&gt;test&lt;/scope&gt;
    		&lt;/dependency&gt;
    	&lt;/dependencies&gt;
    &lt;/project&gt;

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7613359/why-cant-i-access-src-test-resources-in-junit-test-run-with-maven
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9983426/loading-properties-file-in-junit-beforeclass
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2948861/how-to-deal-with-the-test-data-in-junit

Resource files not found from JUnit test cases

I&#39;m using Jasmine to write tests. 

I have several test files, each file has a `beforeEach`, but they are exactly the same.

How do I provide a **global** `beforeEach` for them?


Global `beforeEach` in jasmine?

I&#39;m using mocha for javascript unit-testing now. 

I have several test files, each file has a `before` and `beforeEach`, but they are exactly the same.

How do I provide a global `before` and `beforeEach` for all of them (or some of them)?

Global `before` and `beforeEach` for mocha?

I need to test the following method:

    CreateOutput(IWriter writer)
    {
        writer.Write(type);
        writer.Write(id);
        writer.Write(sender);

        // many more Write()s...
    }

I&#39;ve created a Moq&#39;d `IWriter` and I want to ensure that the `Write()` methods are called in the right order.

I have the following test code:

    var mockWriter = new Mock&lt;IWriter&gt;(MockBehavior.Strict);
    var sequence = new MockSequence();
    mockWriter.InSequence(sequence).Setup(x =&gt; x.Write(expectedType));
    mockWriter.InSequence(sequence).Setup(x =&gt; x.Write(expectedId));
    mockWriter.InSequence(sequence).Setup(x =&gt; x.Write(expectedSender));

However, the second call to `Write()` in `CreateOutput()` (to write the `id` value) throws a `MockException` with the message &quot;*IWriter.Write() invocation failed with mock behavior Strict. All invocations on the mock must have a corresponding setup.*&quot;.

I&#39;m also finding it hard to find any definitive, up-to-date documentation/examples of Moq sequences.

Am I doing something wrong, or can I not set up a sequence using the same method?
If not, is there an alternative I can use (preferably using Moq/NUnit)?


Using Moq to verify calls are made in the correct order

This might be a very basic question but it confuses me.  

Can two different connected sockets share a port? I&#39;m writing an application server that should be able to handle more than 100k concurrent connections, and we know that the number of ports available on a system is around 60k (16bit). A connected socket is assigned to a new (dedicated) port, so it means that the number of concurrent connections is limited by the number of ports, unless multiple sockets can share the same port. So the question.

TCP: can two different sockets share a port?

I need to create a client-server example over TCP. In the client side I read 2 numbers and I send them to the server. The problem I faced is that I can&#39;t convert from `[]byte` to `int`, because the communication accept only data of type `[]byte`.

Is there any way to convert `[]byte` to `int` or I can send `int` to the server?

Some sample code will be really appreciated.

Thanks.

How to convert from []byte to int in Go Programming

I&#39;m so lost and new to building NGINX on my own but I want to be able to enable secure websockets without having an additional layer.

I don&#39;t want to enable SSL on the websocket server itself but instead I want to use NGINX to add an SSL layer to the whole thing. 

Every web page out there says I can&#39;t do it, but I know I can! Thanks to whoever (myself) can show me how!

NGINX to reverse proxy websockets AND enable SSL (wss://)?

My question might sound stupid, but I just wanted to be sure:

- Is it possible to send an HTTP response before having the request for that resource?

Say for example you have an HTML page `index.html` that only shows a picture called `img.jpg`.
Now, if your server knows that a visitor will request the HTML file and then the jpg image every time:

Would it be possible for the server to send the image just after the HTML file to save time?

I know that HTTP is a synchronous protocol, so in theory it should not work, but I just wanted someone to confirm it (or not).

HTTP Response before Request

I&#39;m implementing a small TCP server. How do I know if one of my clients closed? Should I just try to read or write and check if `err` is nil?

How to know TCP connection is closed in net package?

I don&#39;t completely understand how I should get a remote user IP address.
 
Let&#39;s say I have a simple request route such as:

    app.get(/, function (req, res){
       var forwardedIpsStr = req.header(&#39;x-forwarded-for&#39;);
       var IP = &#39;&#39;;
 
       if (forwardedIpsStr) {
          IP = forwardedIps = forwardedIpsStr.split(&#39;,&#39;)[0];  
       }
    });

Is the above approach correct to get the real user IP address or is there a better way?
And what about proxies?

Express.js: how to get remote client address

I have an IP address and I&#39;m given two other IP addresses which together creates an IP range. I want to check if the first IP address is within this range. How can i find that out in PHP?


How to check an IP address is within a range of two IPs in PHP?

I have a method to validate a parameter IP Address. Being new to development as a whole I would like to know if there is a better way of doing this.

&lt;!-- language: c# --&gt;

    /// &lt;summary&gt;
    /// Check IP Address, will accept 0.0.0.0 as a valid IP
    /// &lt;/summary&gt;
    /// &lt;param name=&quot;strIP&quot;&gt;&lt;/param&gt;
    /// &lt;returns&gt;&lt;/returns&gt;
    public bool CheckIPValid(string strIP)
    {
        //  Split string by &quot;.&quot;, check that array length is 3
        char chrFullStop = &#39;.&#39;;
        string[] arrOctets = strIP.Split(chrFullStop);
        if (arrOctets.Length != 4)
        {
            return false;
        }
        //  Check each substring checking that the int value is less than 255 and that is char[] length is !&gt; 2
        Int16 MAXVALUE = 255;
        Int32 temp; // Parse returns Int32
        foreach (string strOctet in arrOctets)
        {
            if (strOctet.Length &gt; 3)
            {
                return false;
            }
    
            temp = int.Parse(strOctet);
            if (temp &gt; MAXVALUE)
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }


Its simple (I could do it) but it seems to do the trick.

What is the best way of validating an IP Address?

What units are used in network terminology? Where do we use them?

I know the following - but I&#39;m not sure what their meaning is:

 - Fragment
 - Segment
 - Packet
 - Frame
 - Datagram

Can they be assigned to a specific OSI-Layer? Is it more complex?

Definition of Network Units: Fragment, Segment, Packet, Frame, Datagram

I want to get visitors country via their IP... Right now I&#39;m using this (http://api.hostip.info/country.php?ip=...... )

Here is my code:

    &lt;?php
    
    if (isset($_SERVER[&#39;HTTP_CLIENT_IP&#39;]))
    {
        $real_ip_adress = $_SERVER[&#39;HTTP_CLIENT_IP&#39;];
    }
    
    if (isset($_SERVER[&#39;HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR&#39;]))
    {
        $real_ip_adress = $_SERVER[&#39;HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR&#39;];
    }
    else
    {
        $real_ip_adress = $_SERVER[&#39;REMOTE_ADDR&#39;];
    }
    
    $cip = $real_ip_adress;
    $iptolocation = &#39;http://api.hostip.info/country.php?ip=&#39; . $cip;
    $creatorlocation = file_get_contents($iptolocation);
    
    ?&gt;

Well, it&#39;s working properly, but the thing is, this returns the country code like US or CA., and not the whole country name like United States or Canada.

So, is there any good alternative to hostip.info offers this?

I know that I can just write some code that will eventually turn this two letters to whole country name, but I&#39;m just too lazy to write a code that contains all countries...

P.S: For some reason I don&#39;t want to use any ready made CSV file or any code that will grab this information for me, something like ip2country ready made code and CSV.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Ryan R.	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Unit Testing	Jonathan	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Unit Testing	Frédéric Hamidi	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Unit Testing	Chris Rudd	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Unit Testing	Marc B	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - Unit Testing	William Dwyer	View Answer on Stackoverflow

what is a good invalid IP address to use for unit tests?

Unit Testing Problem Overview

Unit Testing Solutions

Solution 1 - Unit Testing

Solution 2 - Unit Testing

Solution 3 - Unit Testing

Solution 4 - Unit Testing

Solution 5 - Unit Testing

How to show progress dialog in Android?

How to use UIView autoresizingMask property programmatically?

Attributions