"The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg" installing Pillow on Alpine Linux
PythonDockerDockerfilePillowAlpinePython Problem Overview
I'm trying to run Python's Scrapy in a Docker container based on python:alpine. It was working before, but now I'd like to use Scrapy's Image Pipeline which requires me to install Pillow.
As a simplified example, I tried the following Dockerfile:
FROM python:alpine
RUN apk --update add libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libffi-dev gcc musl-dev libgcc openssl-dev curl
RUN apk add libjpeg zlib tiff freetype lcms libwebp tcl openjpeg
RUN pip install Pillow
However, when I try to build this I get an error which contains the following:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/tmp/pip-build-ft5yzzuv/Pillow/setup.py", line 744, in <module>
zip_safe=not debug_build(), )
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py", line 955, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py", line 61, in run
return orig.install.run(self)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/install.py", line 545, in run
self.run_command('build')
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 339, in run
self.build_extensions()
File "/tmp/pip-build-ft5yzzuv/Pillow/setup.py", line 545, in build_extensions
raise RequiredDependencyException(f)
__main__.RequiredDependencyException: jpeg
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-build-ft5yzzuv/Pillow/setup.py", line 756, in <module>
raise RequiredDependencyException(msg)
__main__.RequiredDependencyException:
The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
Please see the install instructions at:
https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
I went through the requirements on https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html and tried to find the corresponding packages for Alpine, although one I couldn't find was libimagequant, so this might be the 'culprit'. Nonetheless, it the traceback and error message seem to be saying that jpeg is missing, whereas I have installed openjpeg.
How can I modify the Dockerfile so that pip install Pillow runs?
Python Solutions
Solution 1 - Python
For debian
sudo apt install libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev
pip install Pillow
Solution 2 - Python
In a comment that appears to have been deleted later, someone pointed me to https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/c05099f45c0d94a2a98c3609a96bdb6cf7446627/depends/alpine_Dockerfile. Based on that Dockerfile I modified my own as follows:
FROM python:alpine
RUN apk --update add libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libffi-dev gcc musl-dev libgcc openssl-dev curl
RUN apk add jpeg-dev zlib-dev freetype-dev lcms2-dev openjpeg-dev tiff-dev tk-dev tcl-dev
RUN pip install Pillow
Now it builds successfully.
Solution 3 - Python
For macOS:
brew install libtiff libjpeg webp little-cms2
Reason: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
Solution 4 - Python
I ran into this problem with docker image python:3.6-alpine I solved it by adding these packages apk add jpeg-dev zlib-dev.
Solution 5 - Python
have you seen this QA? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34631806/fail-during-installation-of-pillow-python-module-in-linux
they say you have to update your pip and install libjpeg-dev.
Solution 6 - Python
Just in case anyone else is still struggling like I was you can see the official alpine Dockerfile for Pillow here: https://github.com/python-pillow/docker-images/blob/master/alpine/Dockerfile#L20
It states the following dependencies:
RUN apk --no-cache add python3 \
...
# Pillow dependencies
jpeg-dev \
zlib-dev \
freetype-dev \
lcms2-dev \
openjpeg-dev \
tiff-dev \
tk-dev \
tcl-dev \
harfbuzz-dev \
fribidi-dev
Solution 7 - Python
In short, this helps:
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential libsqlite3-dev \
libpng-dev libjpeg-dev
Detailed:
I have the same error with python:3.8-slim-buster image. Solution presented by @pierangelo-orizio worked for me, but I just cleaned it to a minimal required packages list. So here is my Dockerfile:
FROM python:3.8-slim-buster
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential libsqlite3-dev \
libpng-dev libjpeg-dev
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 8000
VOLUME /usr/src/app
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
CMD python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
And requirements.txt:
Django>=2.1,<2.2
wagtail>=2.4,<2.5
django-cors-headers==2.5.3
python-dotenv==0.10.3
Solution 8 - Python
Run into the same issue on python 3.9. Fixed it by bumping pillow version in requirements.txt to Pillow>=8.0. There's a nice matrix of which pillow version supports which python version here.
Solution 9 - Python
If you're missing libjpeg.so package in runtime, try this (alpine linux):
apk add --no-cache jpeg
Solution 10 - Python
Have you try to create a requirements.txt and insert this in Dockerfile:
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install build-essential g++ flex bison gperf ruby perl \
mysql-client \
libsqlite3-dev libmysqlclient-dev libfontconfig1-dev libicu-dev libfreetype6 libssl-dev \
libpng-dev libjpeg-dev python libx11-dev libxext-dev -y
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
RUN mkdir /code
WORKDIR /code
ADD requirements.txt /code/
COPY . /code
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
ADD . /code/
example of requirements.txt
Django==1.9.7
django-appconf==1.0.1
django-filer==1.2.5
django-filter==0.15.0
django-grappelli==2.8.1
django-image-cropping==1.0.3
django-mptt==0.8.6
django-nested-admin==3.0.10
django-nested-inline==0.3.6
django-polymorphic==0.8.1
django-taggit==0.21.2
django-tinymce==2.4.0
dnspython==1.15.0
easy-thumbnails==2.3
enum34==1.1.2
funcsigs==0.4
idna==2.1
ipaddress==1.0.17
mercurial==3.7.3
mock==1.3.0
mysql-python
ndg-httpsclient==0.4.2
parsedatetime==2.1
pbr==1.8.0
Pillow==3.3.1
psutil==3.4.2
pyasn1==0.1.9
PyICU==1.9.2
pyOpenSSL==16.1.0
pyRFC3339==1.0
python-augeas==0.5.0
python-monkey-business==1.0.0
python2-pythondialog==3.3.0
pytz==2014.10
requests==2.11.1
six==1.10.0
Unidecode==0.4.19
urllib3==1.16
zope.component==4.2.2
zope.event==4.2.0
zope.hookable==4.0.4
zope.interface==4.1.3
Solution 11 - Python
Just adding "RUN apk add jpeg-dev" to Dockerfile fixed the problem for me.
Solution 12 - Python
For yum users, this should work:
sudo yum -y install libjpeg-turbo-devel
pip3 install Pillow