    &gt;&gt;&gt; import getpass
    &gt;&gt;&gt; pw = getpass.getpass()

Yes, [`getpass`][1]: &quot;Prompt the user for a password without echoing.&quot;

**Edit:** I had not played with this module myself yet, so this is what I just cooked up (wouldn&#39;t be surprised if you find similar code all over the place, though):

    import getpass
    
    def login():
        user = input(&quot;Username [%s]: &quot; % getpass.getuser())
        if not user:
            user = getpass.getuser()
        
        pprompt = lambda: (getpass.getpass(), getpass.getpass(&#39;Retype password: &#39;))
        
        p1, p2 = pprompt()
        while p1 != p2:
            print(&#39;Passwords do not match. Try again&#39;)
            p1, p2 = pprompt()
    
        return user, p1

(This is Python 3.x; use [`raw_input`][2] instead of [`input`][3] when using Python 2.x.)


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/3.1/library/getpass.html
  [2]: http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#raw_input
  [3]: http://docs.python.org/3.1/library/functions.html#input


Which of these code will be faster?

    $temp = $_REQUEST[&#39;s&#39;];

or

    if (isset($_GET[&#39;s&#39;])) {
      $temp = $_GET[&#39;s&#39;];
    }
    else {
      $temp = $_POST[&#39;s&#39;];
    }


Among $_REQUEST, $_GET and $_POST which one is the fastest?

How can one call a stored procedure for each row in a table, where the columns of a row are input parameters to the sp ***without*** using a Cursor?

SQL Call Stored Procedure for each Row without using a cursor

Scenario: An interactive CLI Python program, that is in need for a password. That means also, there&#39;s no GUI solution possible.

In bash I could get a password read in without re-prompting it on screen via

    read -s

Is there something similar for Python? I.e.,

    password = raw_input(&#39;Password: &#39;, dont_print_statement_back_to_screen)

Alternative: Replace the typed characters with &#39;*&#39; before sending them back to screen (aka browser&#39; style).

Read password from stdin

Scenario: An interactive CLI Python program, that is in need for a password. That means also, there's no GUI solution possible.
In bash I could get a password read in without re-prompting it on screen via
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino">read -s
</code></pre>
Is there something similar for Python? I.e.,
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">password = raw_input('Password: ', dont_print_statement_back_to_screen)
</code></pre>
Alternative: Replace the typed characters with '*' before sending them back to screen (aka browser' style).

I&#39;m trying to understand scope in nested classes in Python. Here is my example code:

    class OuterClass:
        outer_var = 1
        class InnerClass:
            inner_var = outer_var

The creation of class does not complete and I get the error:

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    &lt;type &#39;exceptions.NameError&#39;&gt;: name &#39;outer_var&#39; is not defined

Trying `inner_var = Outerclass.outer_var` doesn&#39;t work.
I get:

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    &lt;type &#39;exceptions.NameError&#39;&gt;: name &#39;OuterClass&#39; is not defined

I am trying to access the static `outer_var` from `InnerClass`.

Is there a way to do this?


Nested classes&#39; scope?

Currently I have code that does something like this:

    soup = BeautifulSoup(value)

    for tag in soup.findAll(True):
        if tag.name not in VALID_TAGS:
            tag.extract()
    soup.renderContents()

Except I don&#39;t want to throw away the contents inside the invalid tag. How do I get rid of the tag but keep the contents inside when calling soup.renderContents()?

Remove a tag using BeautifulSoup but keep its contents

We have a large raw data file that we would like to trim to a specified size.

How would I go about getting the first N lines of a text file in python? Will the OS being used have any effect on the implementation?


How to read first N lines of a file?

What are the uses for `**kwargs` in Python?
          
I know you can do an `objects.filter` on a table and pass in a `**kwargs` argument. &amp;nbsp;

Can I also do this for specifying time deltas i.e. `timedelta(hours = time1)`? 

How exactly does it work? Is it classes as &#39;unpacking&#39;? Like `a,b=1,2`?

What is the purpose and use of **kwargs?

I&#39;ve got a long running, daemonized Python process that uses subprocess to spawn new child processes when certain events occur. The long running process is started by a user with super user privileges. I need the child processes it spawns to run as a different user (e.g., &quot;nobody&quot;) while retaining the super user privileges for the parent process.

I&#39;m currently using

    su -m nobody -c &lt;program to execute as a child&gt;

but this seems heavyweight and doesn&#39;t die very cleanly.

Is there a way to accomplish this programmatically instead of using su? I&#39;m looking at the  os.set*uid methods, but the doc in the Python std lib is quite sparse in that area. 

Run child processes as different user from a long running Python process

I would like to allow my users to use Unicode for their passwords.

However I see a lot of sites don&#39;t support that (e.g. Gmail, Hotmail).

So I&#39;m wondering if there&#39;s some technical or usability issue that I&#39;m overlooking.

I&#39;m thinking if anything it must be a usability issue since by default .NET accepts Unicode and if Hotmail--er, the new Live mail--is built on that, I don&#39;t see why they would restrict it.

Has anyone encountered similar issues?

Should I support Unicode in passwords?

   My web application&#39;s home page has a **RememberMe** checkbox. If the user checks it, I willl store email-id and password in cookies. This is my code:

    if (this.ChkRememberme != null &amp;&amp; this.ChkRememberme.Checked == true)
       {
         HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie(TxtUserName.Text, TxtPassword.Text);
         cookie.Expires.AddYears(1);
         Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
       }

What I want to know is:

 - Is it secure to store passwords in cookies? 
 - What is proper way of doing the same? 
 - What are the best practices in setting time for a cookie?
 
 



Is it secure to store passwords in cookies?

**Situation:**

I want to get a password entry from the `stdin` console - *without echoing what the user types*. Is there something comparable to `getpasswd` functionality in Go?

**What I tried:**

I tried using `syscall.Read`, but it echoes what is typed.

getpasswd functionality in Go?

I was just going through one of DavidHayden&#39;s articles on [Hashing User Passwords][1].

Really I can&#39;t get what he is trying to achieve.

Here is his code:

    private static string CreateSalt(int size)
    {
        //Generate a cryptographic random number.
        RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
        byte[] buff = new byte[size];
        rng.GetBytes(buff);

        // Return a Base64 string representation of the random number.
        return Convert.ToBase64String(buff);
    }

    private static string CreatePasswordHash(string pwd, string salt)
    {
        string saltAndPwd = String.Concat(pwd, salt);
        string hashedPwd =
            FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(
            saltAndPwd, &quot;sha1&quot;);
        return hashedPwd;
    }


Is there any other C# method for hashing passwords and adding salt to it?

  [1]: http://web.archive.org/web/20120413180026/http://davidhayden.com/blog/dave/archive/2004/02/16/157.aspx



Hash and salt passwords in C#

Did a new install of postgres 8.4 on mint ubuntu.  How do I create a user for postgres and login using psql?  

When I type psql, it just tells me

    psql: FATAL: Ident authentication failed for user &quot;my-ubuntu-username&quot;

How do I login and authenticate to Postgresql after a fresh install?

Is there a way to embed the last command&#39;s elapsed wall time in a [Bash][1] prompt?  I&#39;m hoping for something that would look like this:

    [last: 0s][/my/dir]$ sleep 10
    [last: 10s][/my/dir]$

**Background**

I often run long data-crunching jobs and it&#39;s useful to know how long they&#39;ve taken so I can estimate how long it will take for future jobs.  For very regular tasks, I go ahead and record this information rigorously using appropriate logging techniques.  For less-formal tasks, I&#39;ll just prepend the command with `time`.  

It would be nice to automatically `time` every single interactive command and have the timing information printed in a few characters rather than 3 lines.  

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash


How can the last command&#39;s wall time be put in the Bash prompt?

I need to create a Dialog / Prompt including TextBox for user input. My problem is, how to get the text after having confirmed the dialog? Usually I would make a class for this which would save the text in a property. However I want do design the Dialog using XAML. So I would somehow have to extent the XAML Code to save the content of the TextBox in a property - but I guess that&#39;s not possible with pure XAML. What would be the best way to realize what I&#39;d like to do? How to build a dialog which can be defined from XAML but can still somehow return the input? Thanks for any hint!

WPF: Create a dialog / prompt

While taking a look at [this awesome thread][1] I noticed that some examples use

    PS1=&quot;Blah Blah Blah&quot;

and some use

    PROMPT_COMMAND=&quot;Blah Blah Blah&quot;

(and some use both) when setting the prompt in a Bash shell. What is the difference between the two? A Stack&amp;nbsp;Overflow search and even a bit of broader Google searching aren&#39;t getting me results, so even a link to the right place to look for the answer would be appreciated.

  [1]: https://web.archive.org/web/20161214154424/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/103857/what-is-your-favorite-bash-prompt


What is the difference between PS1 and PROMPT_COMMAND?

Is it possible to have a bash script automatically handle prompts that would normally be presented to the user with default actions?  Currently I am using a bash script to call an in-house tool that will display prompts to the user (prompting for Y/N) to complete actions, however the script I&#39;m writing needs to be completely &quot;hands-off&quot;, so I need a way to send `Y|N` to the prompt to allow the program to continue execution.  Is this possible?

Have bash script answer interactive prompts

Is it possible to list *all* environment variables from a Windows&#39; command prompt?

Something equivalent to PowerShell&#39;s `gci env:` (or `ls env:` or `dir env:`).



List all environment variables from the command line

In a Python script, is there any way to tell if the interpreter is in interactive mode? This would be useful so that, for instance, when you run an interactive Python session and import a module, slightly different code is executed (for example, logging is turned off).

I&#39;ve looked at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/640389/tell-whether-python-is-in-i-mode and tried the code there, however, that function only returns true if Python has been invoked with the -i flag and not when the command used to invoke interactive mode is `python` with no arguments.

What I mean is something like this:

    if __name__==&quot;__main__&quot;:
        #do stuff
    elif __pythonIsInteractive__:
        #do other stuff
    else:
        exit()

Tell if Python is in interactive mode

I&#39;m trying to use `git add --interactive` to selectively add some changes to my index, but I continually receive the &quot;Your edited hunk does not apply. Edit again...&quot; message.  I get this message even if I choose the e option, and immediately save/close my editor.  In other words, without editing the hunk at all, the patch doesn&#39;t apply.

Here&#39;s the exact example I&#39;m using (I&#39;m trying to put together a small demo):

Original file:

    first change
    second change off branch
    third change off branch
    second change
    third change
    fourth change

New file:

    Change supporting feature 1
    first change
    second change off branch
    third change off branch
    second change
    third change
    fourth change
    bug fix 1
    change supporting feature 1

I&#39;m trying to show how to use `git add --interactive` to only add the &quot;bug fix 1&quot; line to the index.  Running interactive add on the file, I choose the patch mode.  It presents me with 

    diff --git a/newfile b/newfile
    index 6d501a3..8b81ae9 100644
    --- a/newfile
    +++ b/newfile
    @@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
    +Change supporting feature 1
     first change
     second change off branch
     third change off branch
     second change
     third change
     fourth change
    +bug fix 1
    +change supporting feature 1

I respond with split, followed by &quot;no&quot; to apply the first hunk.  The second hunk, I try to edit.  I originally tried deleting the bottom line - that didn&#39;t work.  Leaving the hunk alone completely doesn&#39;t work either, and I can&#39;t figure out why.

git add --interactive &quot;Your edited hunk does not apply&quot;

Suppose I&#39;m using R&#39;s interactive console, and I&#39;ve just done something like this:

    long_running_command()

That long-running command returns a value, and I&#39;ve just realized that I wanted to assign that value to a variable instead of discard it. So how can I get that value without running the command again? Is there a command like this?

    result = get_last_return_value()



How to assign the result of the previous expression to a variable?

Normally you can execute a Python script for example: `python myscript.py`, but if you are in the interactive mode, how is it possible to execute a Python script on the filesystem?

    &gt;&gt;&gt; exec(File) ???

It should be possible to execute the script more than one time. 



Is there a possibility to execute a Python script while being in interactive mode

when I write Python code from the interpreter I can type `dir()` to have a list of names defined in the current scope. How can achieve to have the same information, programmatically, when I develop Javascript code from a browser using an interactive console like firebug, chrome console, etc?


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Boldewyn	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	mjv	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Stephan202	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Read password from stdin

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

SQL Call Stored Procedure for each Row without using a cursor

Among $_REQUEST, $_GET and $_POST which one is the fastest?

Attributions