Python mysqldb: Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib
PythonMysql PythonPython Problem Overview
I just compiled and installed mysqldb for python 2.7 on my mac os 10.6. I created a simple test file that imports
import MySQLdb as mysql
Firstly, this command is red underlined and the info tells me "Unresolved import". Then I tried to run the following simple python code
import MySQLdb as mysql
def main():
conn = mysql.connect( charset="utf8", use_unicode=True, host="localhost",user="root", passwd="",db="" )
if __name__ == '__main__'():
main()
When executing it I get the following error message
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/path/to/project/Python/src/cvdv/TestMySQLdb.py", line 4, in <module>
import MySQLdb as mysql
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module>
\namespace cvdv
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/_mysql.py", line 7, in <module>
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-intel/egg/_mysql.py", line 6, in __bootstrap__
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/toom/.python-eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.7-macosx-10.6-intel.egg-tmp/_mysql.so, 2): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib
Referenced from: /Users/toom/.python-eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.7-macosx-10.6-intel.egg-tmp/_mysql.so
Reason: image not found
What might be the solution to my problem?
EDIT: Actually I found out that the library lies in /usr/local/mysql/lib. So I need to tell my pydev eclipse version where to find it. Where do I set this?
Python Solutions
Solution 1 - Python
I solved the problem by creating a symbolic link to the library. I.e.
The actual library resides in
/usr/local/mysql/lib
And then I created a symbolic link in
/usr/lib
Using the command:
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib
so that I have the following mapping:
ls -l libmysqlclient.18.dylib
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 44 16 Jul 14:01 libmysqlclient.18.dylib -> /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib
That was it. After that everything worked fine.
EDIT:
Notice, that since MacOS El Capitan the System Integrity Protection (SIP, also known as "rootless") will prevent you from creating links in /usr/lib/.
You could disable SIP by following these instructions, but you can create a link in /usr/local/lib/ instead:
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib
Solution 2 - Python
My preferred method is to actually fix the library rather than playing with environment variables that may or may not actually be in scope depending on how the application is run. This is actually a fairly simple process.
First, look at the error output to see where the offending python module is located:
> ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so, 2): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib > Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so > Reason: image not found
Okay, so the offending file is /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so
Next, figure out where _mysql.so thinks it should find libmysqlclient.18.dylib:
% otool -L /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so:
libmysqlclient.18.dylib (compatibility version 18.0.0, current version 18.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 169.3.0)
So, it's looking for libmysqlclient.18.dylib with no path information, let's fix that:
% sudo install_name_tool -change libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so
Now _mysql.so knows the full path to the library and everything works, regardless of environment variables.
% otool -L /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so:
/usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib (compatibility version 18.0.0, current version 18.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 169.3.0)
Solution 3 - Python
I found there was another solution for this problem rather than creating a symbolic link.
You set the path to your directory, where libmysqlclient.18.dylib resides, to DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. What I did is to put following line in my .bash_profile:
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/mysql-5.5.15-osx10.6-x86/lib/:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
That's it.
Solution 4 - Python
In my case, I was getting the error with Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks. I installed MySQL Community Server directly from the Oracle/MySQL Website from DMG.
All I needed to do was symlink the lib files to the /usr/local/lib directory.
mkdir -p /usr/local/lib
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysql* /usr/local/lib
Bonus: If you're running Mac OS X as well, there is a great tool to finding files like the libmysqlclient.18.dylib file, http://apps.tempel.org/FindAnyFile. This is how I originally found the location of the dylib file.
Solution 5 - Python
I found putting this in your .profile or .bashrc (whichever you use) is the easiest way to do it, sym links are messy compared to keeping paths in your source files.
Also compared to yoshisurfs answer, most of the time when mysql gets installed the mysql directory should be renamed to just mysql, not the whole file name, for ease of use.
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/mysql/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
Solution 6 - Python
I've run into this with a couple virtual environments.
pip uninstall MySQL-python
pip install -U MySQL-python
Worked both times.
Solution 7 - Python
In pydev eclipse plugin, you may want to set the environment variable for DYLD. The path can be set as shown in
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1465846/install-mysqldb-on-snow-leopard/6537345#6537345
Solution 8 - Python
For those using homebrew you might fix this with:
$ brew link mysql
Solution 9 - Python
when you are in El Capitan, will get error: ln: /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib: Operation not permitted
need to close the "System Integrity Protection".
first, reboot and hold on cmd + R to enter the Recovery mode, then launch the terminal and type the command: csrutil disable , now you can reboot and try again.
Solution 10 - Python
In my Case, in El Capitan (OSX 10.11), I have to do following in ~/.bash_profile
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/mysql/lib:${DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
export PATH="/usr/local/mysql/lib:${PATH}"
Solution 11 - Python
On new El Capitan installation where SIP(rootless prevents access to usr/lib/) is on by default and you cannot create the symlink unless you are in recovery mode. As @yannisxu said you can disable SIP and do your symlink to /usr/lib/local and this will work.
you can use the following command on MAC OSX El Capitan instead of turning off SIP:
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib
There used to be an option where you can login as root and this can disable SIP but in the final release that is now obsolete, you can read more about it here: https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/4686
Question:
There is a nvram boot-args command available in Developer Beta 1 which can disable SIP when run with root privileges:
nvram boot-args="rootless=0"
Will this option of disabling SIP also be available in the El Capitan release version? Or is this strictly for the Developer Builds?
Answer:
This nvram boot-args command will be going away. It will not be available in the El Capitan release version and may disappear before the end of the Developer Betas. Keep an eye on the release notes for future Developer Betas.
Solution 12 - Python
I had this issue and it took me for a while to figure out how to fix that.
My case is slightly different. My MySQL server is of version 5.1.x. And somehow I upgraded my MySQL-python from 1.2.3 to 1.2.5. And I kept getting this issue since then event I added the following soft link.
libmysqlclient.18.dylib -> /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib
It turns out that for MySQL 5.1.x there is no libmysqlclient.18.dylib, but only libmysqlclient.16.dylib. You can fix this issue either by downgrade your MySQL-python to 1.2.3 or upgrade your MySQL server to 5.6.x (I haven't tried 5.5.x.)
I downgraded the library to 1.2.3 since upgrading MySQL is not an option for me.
Solution 13 - Python
go to http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/c/ and download MySQL Connector/C. after getting the package, make a new directory 'mysql', uncompress the Mysql Connector file under directory mysql, then under mysql, make another empty directory 'build'.we will use 'build' to build MySQL Connector/C. cd build && cmake ../your-MySQL-Connector-source-dir make && make install after make install, you will get a directory named mysql under /usr/local. it contains all the headers and libs you need.go to this dirctory, and copy the headers and libs to corresponding locations.
Solution 14 - Python
you can try:
sudo install_name_tool -change libmysqlclient.18.dylib /Users/toom/.python-eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.7-macosx-10.6-intel.egg-tmp/_mysql.so`
Solution 15 - Python
Note about bug of MySQL Connector/C on macOS (my current version is 10.13.2), fix the mysql_config and reinstall mysqlclient or MySQL-python, here is the detail