`os.path.join(path, &#39;&#39;)` will add the trailing slash if it&#39;s not already there.

You can do `os.path.join(path, &#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;)` or `os.path.join(path_with_a_trailing_slash, &#39;&#39;)` and you will still only get one trailing slash.

Since you want to connect a directory and a filename, use

    os.path.join(directory, filename)

If you want to get rid of `.\..\..\blah\` paths, use

    os.path.join(os.path.normpath(directory), filename)


You can do it manually by:

    path = ...
    
    import os
    if not path.endswith(os.path.sep):
        path += os.path.sep

However, it is usually much cleaner to use [`os.path.join`][1].


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#os.path.join

You could use something like this:

    os.path.normcase(path)
        Normalize the case of a pathname. On Unix and Mac OS X, this returns the path unchanged; on case-insensitive filesystems, it converts the path to lowercase. On Windows, it also converts forward slashes to backward slashes.

Else you could look for something else on [this][1] page


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html

I am testing out using the new web packaging functionality in visual studio 2010 and came across a situation where I use a pre-build event to copy required .dll&#39;s into my bin folder that my app relies on for API calls. They cannot be included as a reference since they are not COM dlls that can be used with interop. 

When I build my deployment package those files are excluded when I choose the option to only include the files required to run the app. Is there a way to configure the deployment settings to include these files? I have had no luck finding any good documentation on this.

How do you include additional files using VS2010 web deployment packages?

Can I assume `(bool)true == (int)1` for any C++ compiler ?

Can I assume (bool)true == (int)1 for any C++ compiler?

How can I add a trailing slash (`/` for *nix, `\` for win32) to a directory string, if the tailing slash is not already there? Thanks!

Python, add trailing slash to directory string, os independently

<p>How can I add a trailing slash (<code>/</code> for *nix, <code>\</code> for win32) to a directory string, if the tailing slash is not already there? Thanks!</p>


What is the shortest / most elegant way to implement the following Scala code with an abstract attribute in Python?

	abstract class Controller {
	
		val path: String
	
	}
		
A subclass of `Controller` is enforced to define &quot;path&quot; by the Scala compiler. A subclass would look like this:

	class MyController extends Controller {
		
		override val path = &quot;/home&quot;
			
	}

Abstract attributes in Python

Is there an online interpreter like http://codepad.org/ or http://www.trypython.org/ which uses Python 3?

**Answer**

Since the question is closed, I give another answer here.

[Wandbox](http://melpon.org/wandbox/) offers online REPLs for many languages, including Python 2.x and 3.x, C++ and Java.

Python 3 Online Interpreter / Shell

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; [Unexpected feature in a Python list of lists](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/240178/unexpected-feature-in-a-python-list-of-lists)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

So I am relatively new to Python and I am having trouble working with 2D Lists.

Here&#39;s my code:

    data = [[None]*5]*5
    data[0][0] = &#39;Cell A1&#39;
    print data

and here is the output (formatted for readability):

    [[&#39;Cell A1&#39;, None, None, None, None],
     [&#39;Cell A1&#39;, None, None, None, None],
     [&#39;Cell A1&#39;, None, None, None, None],
     [&#39;Cell A1&#39;, None, None, None, None],
     [&#39;Cell A1&#39;, None, None, None, None]]

Why does every row get assigned the value?

2D list has weird behavor when trying to modify a single value

I have an *uniform* list of objects in python:

    class myClass(object):
        def __init__(self, attr):
            self.attr = attr
            self.other = None

    objs = [myClass (i) for i in range(10)]

Now I want to extract a list with some attribute of that class (let&#39;s say attr), in order to pass it so some function (for plotting that data for example)

What is the pythonic way of doing it,

    attr=[o.attr for o in objsm]
?

Maybe derive list and add a method to it, so I can use some idiom like

    objs.getattribute(&quot;attr&quot;)
?

Extract list of attributes from list of objects in python

From [Building Skills in Python][1]:

&gt; A file name like `exercise_1.py` is better than the name `exercise-1.py`. We can run both programs equally well from the command line, but the name with the hyphen limits our ability to write larger and more sophisticated programs.

Why is this?


  [1]: http://homepage.mac.com/s_lott/books/python/BuildingSkillsinPython.pdf

Why are underscores better than hyphens for file names?

A variable returns `MINGW32_NT-5.1` or `CYGWIN_NT-5.1.` (yea, dot at the end)

Need to compare that given var contains `NT-5.1` positioned anywhere.

Using cygwin and would like to be compatible with pretty much any *nix.

Makefile : contains string

Which would be better code:

    int index = fileName.LastIndexOf(&quot;.&quot;, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);

or

    int index = fileName.LastIndexOf(&quot;.&quot;, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);





String comparison: InvariantCultureIgnoreCase vs OrdinalIgnoreCase?

How can I check if a string (`NSString`) contains another smaller string?

I was hoping for something like:

    NSString *string = @&quot;hello bla bla&quot;;
    NSLog(@&quot;%d&quot;,[string containsSubstring:@&quot;hello&quot;]);

But the closest I could find was:

    if ([string rangeOfString:@&quot;hello&quot;] == 0) {
        NSLog(@&quot;sub string doesnt exist&quot;);
    } 
    else {
        NSLog(@&quot;exists&quot;);
    }

Anyway, is that the best way to find if a string contains another string?




How do I check if a string contains another string in Objective-C?

What I am trying to do is read a .java file, and pick out all of the identifiers and store them in a list.  My problem is with the .split() method.  If you run this code the way it is, you will get ArrayOutOfBounds, but if you change the delimiter from &quot;.&quot; to anything else, the code works.  But I need to lines parsed by &quot;.&quot; so is there another way I could accomplish this?


    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.FileReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.*;
    
    
    public class MyHash {
        private static String[] reserved = new String[100];
        private static List list = new LinkedList();
        private static List list2 = new LinkedList();
        
        public static void main (String args[]){
            Hashtable hashtable  = new Hashtable(997);
            makeReserved();
            readFile();
            String line;
            ListIterator itr = list.listIterator();
            int listIndex = 0;
            while (listIndex &lt; list.size()) {
                
                if (itr.hasNext()){
                    line = itr.next().toString();
                    //PROBLEM IS HERE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
                    String[] words = line.split(&quot;.&quot;);  //CHANGE THIS AND IT WILL WORK
                    System.out.println(words[0]);      //TESTING TO SEE IF IT WORKED
                }
                listIndex++;
            }
        }
        
        public static void readFile() {
            String text;
            String[] words;
            BufferedReader in = null;
            try {
                in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(&quot;MyHash.java&quot;)); //NAME OF INPUT FILE
                
                
            } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(MyHash.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
            try {
                while ((text = in.readLine()) != null){
                    text = text.trim();
                    words = text.split(&quot;\\s+&quot;);
                    for (int i = 0; i &lt; words.length; i++){
                        list.add(words[i]);
                    }
                    for (int j = 0; j &lt; reserved.length; j++){
                        if (list.contains(reserved[j])){
                            list.remove(reserved[j]);
                        }
                    }
                    
                    
                }
                
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(MyHash.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
            try {
                in.close();
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(MyHash.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
        }
        
        public static int keyIt (int x) {
            int key = x % 997;
            return key;
        }
        
        public static int horner (String word){
            int length = word.length();
            char[] letters = new char[length];
            
            for (int i = 0; i &lt; length; i++){
                letters[i]=word.charAt(i);
            }
            
            char[] alphabet = new char[26];
            String abc = &quot;abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz&quot;;
            
            for (int i = 0; i &lt; 26; i++){
                alphabet[i]=abc.charAt(i);
            }
            
            int[] numbers = new int[length];
            int place = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i &lt; length; i++){
                for (int j = 0; j &lt; 26; j++){
                    if (alphabet[j]==letters[i]){
                        numbers[place]=j+1;
                        place++;
                        
                    }
                }
            }
            
            int hornered = numbers[0] * 32;
            
            for (int i = 1; i &lt; numbers.length; i++){
                
                hornered += numbers[i];
                if (i == numbers.length -1){
                    return hornered;
                }
                hornered = hornered % 997;
                hornered *= 32;
            }
            return hornered;
        }
        
        public static String[] makeReserved (){
            reserved[0] = &quot;abstract&quot;;
            reserved[1] = &quot;assert&quot;;
            reserved[2] = &quot;boolean&quot;;
            reserved[3] = &quot;break&quot;;
            reserved[4] = &quot;byte&quot;;
            reserved[5] = &quot;case&quot;;
            reserved[6] = &quot;catch&quot;;
            reserved[7] = &quot;char&quot;;
            reserved[8] = &quot;class&quot;;
            reserved[9] = &quot;const&quot;;
            reserved[10] = &quot;continue&quot;;
            reserved[11] = &quot;default&quot;;
            reserved[12] = &quot;do&quot;;
            reserved[13] = &quot;double&quot;;
            reserved[14] = &quot;else&quot;;
            reserved[15] = &quot;enum&quot;;
            reserved[16] = &quot;extends&quot;;
            reserved[17] = &quot;false&quot;;
            reserved[18] = &quot;final&quot;;
            reserved[19] = &quot;finally&quot;;
            reserved[20] = &quot;float&quot;;
            reserved[21] = &quot;for&quot;;
            reserved[22] = &quot;goto&quot;;
            reserved[23] = &quot;if&quot;;
            reserved[24] = &quot;implements&quot;;
            reserved[25] = &quot;import&quot;;
            reserved[26] = &quot;instanceof&quot;;
            reserved[27] = &quot;int&quot;;
            reserved[28] = &quot;interface&quot;;
            reserved[29] = &quot;long&quot;;
            reserved[30] = &quot;native&quot;;
            reserved[31] = &quot;new&quot;;
            reserved[32] = &quot;null&quot;;
            reserved[33] = &quot;package&quot;;
            reserved[34] = &quot;private&quot;;
            reserved[35] = &quot;protected&quot;;
            reserved[36] = &quot;public&quot;;
            reserved[37] = &quot;return&quot;;
            reserved[38] = &quot;short&quot;;
            reserved[39] = &quot;static&quot;;
            reserved[40] = &quot;strictfp&quot;;
            reserved[41] = &quot;super&quot;;
            reserved[42] = &quot;switch&quot;;
            reserved[43] = &quot;synchronize&quot;;
            reserved[44] = &quot;this&quot;;
            reserved[45] = &quot;throw&quot;;
            reserved[46] = &quot;throws&quot;;
            reserved[47] = &quot;trasient&quot;;
            reserved[48] = &quot;true&quot;;
            reserved[49] = &quot;try&quot;;
            reserved[50] = &quot;void&quot;;
            reserved[51] = &quot;volatile&quot;;
            reserved[52] = &quot;while&quot;;
            reserved[53] = &quot;=&quot;;
            reserved[54] = &quot;==&quot;;
            reserved[55] = &quot;!=&quot;;
            reserved[56] = &quot;+&quot;;
            reserved[57] = &quot;-&quot;;
            reserved[58] = &quot;*&quot;;
            reserved[59] = &quot;/&quot;;
            reserved[60] = &quot;{&quot;;
            reserved[61] = &quot;}&quot;;
            
            return reserved;
        }
    }

How can I use &quot;.&quot; as the delimiter with String.split() in java

So, lets say I have a `$somestring` thats holds the value &quot;main/physician/physician_view&quot;.

I want to grab just &quot;physician_view&quot;.  I want it to also work if the passed string was &quot;main/physician_view&quot; or &quot;site/main/physician/physician_view&quot;.  

Hopefully my question makes sense.  Any help would be appreciated!

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	ohho	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Steven T. Snyder	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Tim Pietzcker	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	Max Shawabkeh	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Python	Bloeper	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Python, add trailing slash to directory string, os independently

Python Problem Overview

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Can I assume (bool)true == (int)1 for any C++ compiler?

How do you include additional files using VS2010 web deployment packages?

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