Matplotlib: display plot on a remote machine

PythonSshMatplotlib

Python Problem Overview

I have a python code doing some calculation on a remote machine, named A. I connect on A via ssh from a machine named B. Is there a way to display the figure on machine B?

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Sure, you can enable X11 forwarding. Usually this is done by passing the -X or -Y option to ssh when you connect to the remote computer

ssh -X computerA

Note that the SSH daemon on computer A will also have to be configured to enable X11 forwarding. This is done by putting

X11Forwarding yes

in computer A's sshd_config configuration file.

If computer A's SSH daemon does not have X11 forwarding enabled, you can always have Python write the result of the calculation to a text file, download it to computer B, and use Matplotlib locally.

Solution 2 - Python

If you use matplotlib on Mac OS X on the remote machine (B), you must first make sure that you use one of the X11-based display back-ends, since the native Mac OS X back-end cannot export its plots to another display. Selecting a back-end can be achieved with

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('GTK')  # Or any other X11 back-end

The list of supported back-ends can be obtained by giving use() an incorrect back-end name: matplotlib then prints an error message listing the possible back-ends.

ssh X11 forwarding can then be used to display matplotlib plots.

Solution 3 - Python

The following worked for me using Mac OS X on the local machine (machine B) and ubuntu on the remote (machine A).

You need X11 server installed on your local machine to do this.

If you're running a recent version of Mac OSX (OS X Mountain Lion or newer), it would NOT have come with X11 pre-installed (see http://support.apple.com/kb/ht5293). Check if you have X11 by opening up Mac terminal, and run command xterm. If an X11 window opens up, you're all set. If it says command not found, then go to http://xquartz.macosforge.org/landing/ and install X11 server. Then logout and log back in to your mac.

After you log back in, try to run xterm command again. It should open up X11 window. At this point your $DISPLAY variable should also be set correctly. If it's not set, make sure you've logged in/out since installing X11 from XQuartz.

echo $DISPLAY
/tmp/launch-I9I3aI/org.macosforge.xquartz:0

Then from your local machine, use ssh -X to remote into remote machine A:

ssh -X user@machineA

Then on the remote machine:

python
>>> import matplotlib
>>> matplotlib.use('GTKAgg')  #I had to use GTKAgg for this to work, GTK threw errors
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  #...  and now do whatever you need...

Make sure you call matplotlib.use BEFORE importing anything else from matplotlib (e.g. matplotlib.pyplot)

Other useful troubleshooting tips on using ssh -X : http://oroborosx.sourceforge.net/remotex.html#usessh

Solution 4 - Python

GTK seems impossible to get working on Ubuntu with Python3. Instead, I used tkagg (from this answer):

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('tkagg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Test that it's working with this:

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('tkagg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1, 2, 3])
plt.show()

Solution 5 - Python

I have used IPython to solve the related problem. The steps are as follows:

Step 1: Install IPython and Jupyter in the remote machine (A) locally (assuming no root privilege) using the following commands:

pip install --user ipython
pip install --user jupyter

Update matplotlib:

pip install --user -U matplotlib

Step 2:

Run Jupyter with no browser from the code directory in the remote machine (A):

cd PATH/TO/THE/CODE
jupyter notebook --no-browser --port=8080

After this command, a URL will be given something similar to below:

http://localhost:8080/?token=5528ab1eeb3f621b90b63420f8bbfc510edf71f21437c4e2

Step 3:

Now open another terminal in the local machine (B) and connect to the remote machine (A) using ssh:

ssh -N -L 8080:localhost:8080 user_id@remote.host

The port number has to be same in step 2 and step 3. In this example, the port number is 8080.

Step 4:

Copy and paste the URL in the step 3 to a browser in your local machine (B).

Now, the notebook in the remote machine can be used through the browser and plot can be generated using the data in the remote machine.

Solution 6 - Python

export MPLBACKEND="agg" this worked for me. obviously you can set it via code as well.

Solution 7 - Python

if that doesn't work you could also try:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.switch_backend('agg')

or

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.switch_backend('TkAgg')

this seemed to work for me

Yet, if you are trying to get a GUI working I suggest you look at this link: http://fabiorehm.com/blog/2014/09/11/running-gui-apps-with-docker/

Solution 8 - Python

Just wanted to add - if you're on Windows as the local machine, make sure you've set up Xming (an X Windows server) and Putty so you can see the remote Linux graphical applications.

I followed the instructions from here: http://laptops.eng.uci.edu/software-installation/using-linux/how-to-configure-xming-putty to do this. It also sets your display environment and variable so you don't get an error when using tkagg as the backend.

Solution 9 - Python

If you're using a mac as a client machine, try this.

You basically need to make sure two things are working properly.

  • Using GTK or Cairo as matplotlib's backend.
  • Forwarding the display.

Using GTK or Cairo as matplotlib's backend

If you're using python3, you must install cairocffi.

pip install cairocffi

Then use the GTK3Agg as a backend of matplotlib.

import matplotlib 
matplotlib.use('GTK3Agg') 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

See following description from matplotlib document for more detail. > Both GTK2 and GTK3 have implicit dependencies on PyCairo regardless of > the specific Matplotlib backend used. Unfortunatly the latest release > of PyCairo for Python3 does not implement the Python wrappers needed > for the GTK3Agg backend. Cairocffi can be used as a replacement which > implements the correct wrapper. > >

Forwarding the display

  1. Install launch the latest version of XQuartz.
  2. Connect to the remote server using ssh -X. ex) ssh username@ipaddress -X

Solution 10 - Python

This is what I did with MacOS and a Linux remote machine.

  1. In ~/.ssh/config I added the following. I add this since it's possible that your machine might not be taking the xauth location properly.
    XAuthLocation /opt/X11/bin/xauth
  1. ssh -Y machine_name
  2. Ran the following dummy program:
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    x = [1,2,3]
    y = [2,4,1]
    plt.plot(x, y)
    plt.show()
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