Use the [`get_backend()`](https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.get_backend) function to obtain a string denoting which backend is in use:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; import matplotlib
    &gt;&gt;&gt; matplotlib.get_backend()
    &#39;TkAgg&#39;



Another way to determine the current backend is to read `rcParams` dictionary:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; import matplotlib
    &gt;&gt;&gt; print (matplotlib.rcParams[&#39;backend&#39;]) 
    MacOSX
    &gt;&gt;&gt; matplotlib.use(&#39;agg&#39;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; print (matplotlib.rcParams[&#39;backend&#39;]) 
    agg

I just discovered this [old C++0x draft][1] about modules in C++0x.

The idea was to get out of the current .h/.cpp system by writing only .cpp files which would then generate module files during compilation, which would then in turn be used by the other .cpp files.

This looks like a really great feature.

But my question is: why did they remove it from C++0x? Was it because of too many technical difficulties? Lack of time? And do you think they will consider working on it for an ulterior version of C++?



  [1]: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2006/n2073.pdf

C++ Modules - why were they removed from C++0x? Will they be back later on?

In Java, the [`throws`][1] keyword allows for a method to declare that it will not handle an exception on its own, but rather throw it to the calling method.

Is there a similar keyword/attribute in C#?

If there is no equivalent, how can you accomplish the same (or a similar) effect?


  [1]: http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/declaring.html

How to use Java-style throws keyword in C#?

Either interactively, such as from within an Ipython session, or from within a script, how can you determine which backend is being used by matplotlib?

How do you determine which backend is being used by matplotlib?

<p>Either interactively, such as from within an Ipython session, or from within a script, how can you determine which backend is being used by matplotlib?</p>


I need to download it for Python 2.7, but can&#39;t seem to find it... 

Where to find the win32api module for Python?

How can I get get the position (indices) of the largest value in a multi-dimensional NumPy array?

Get the position of the largest value in a multi-dimensional NumPy array

Sometimes I come across code such as this:

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
    fig = plt.figure()
    fig.add_subplot(111)
    plt.scatter(x, y)
    plt.show()

Which produces:

![Example plot produced by the included code][1]

I&#39;ve been reading the documentation like crazy but I can&#39;t find an explanation for the `111`. sometimes I see a `212`.

What does the argument of `fig.add_subplot()` mean?


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/yCOG3.png

In Matplotlib, what does the argument mean in fig.add_subplot(111)?

I&#39;m writing a script to automate some command line commands in Python. At the moment, I&#39;m doing calls like this:

    cmd = &quot;some unix command&quot;
    retcode = subprocess.call(cmd,shell=True)

However, I need to run some commands on a remote machine. Manually, I would log in using `ssh` and then run the commands. How would I automate this in Python? I need to log in with a (known) password to the remote machine, so I can&#39;t just use `cmd = ssh user@remotehost`, I&#39;m wondering if there&#39;s a module I should be using?

Perform commands over ssh with Python

I am reading a csv into `a`:

    import csv
    import collections
    import pdb
    import math
    import urllib
    
    def do_work():
      a=get_file(&#39;c:/pythonwork/cds/cds.csv&#39;)
      a=remove_chars(a)
      print a[0:10]
    
    def get_file(start_file): #opens original file, reads it to array
      with open(start_file,&#39;rb&#39;) as f:
        data=list(csv.reader(f))
      return (data)
    
    def remove_chars(a):
      badchars=[&#39;a&#39;,&#39;b&#39;,&#39;c&#39;,&#39;d&#39;]
      for row in a:
        for letter in badchars:
          row[8].replace(letter,&#39;&#39;)
      return a
      

I would like to replace all occurrences of `[&#39;a&#39;,&#39;b&#39;,&#39;c&#39;,&#39;d&#39;]` in the 8th element of the line with empty string. the `remove_chars` function is not working.

Is there a better way to do this?


How do you replace all the occurrences of a certain character in a string?

I have a matplotlib figure which I am plotting data that is always referred to as nanoseconds (1e-9).  On the y-axis, if I have data that is tens of nanoseconds, ie. 44e-9, the value on the axis shows as 4.4 with a +1e-8 as an offset.  Is there anyway to force the axis to show 44 with a +1e-9 offset?

The same goes for my x-axis where the axis is showing +5.54478e4, where I would rather it show an offset of +55447 (whole number, no decimal - the value here is in days).

I&#39;ve tried a couple things like this:

    p = axes.plot(x,y)
    p.ticklabel_format(style=&#39;plain&#39;)


for the x-axis, but this doesn&#39;t work, though I&#39;m probably using it incorrectly or misinterpreting something from the docs, can someone point me in the correct direction?

Thanks,
Jonathan

![Problem illustration][1]

------
I tried doing something with formatters but haven&#39;t found any solution yet...:

    myyfmt = ScalarFormatter(useOffset=True)
    myyfmt._set_offset(1e9)
    axes.get_yaxis().set_major_formatter(myyfmt)
and

    myxfmt = ScalarFormatter(useOffset=True)
    myxfmt.set_portlimits((-9,5))
    axes.get_xaxis().set_major_formatter(myxfmt)

On a side note, I&#39;m actually confused as to where the &#39;offset number&#39; object actually resides...is it part of the major/minor ticks?


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/Gg00z.png

matplotlib: format axis offset-values to whole numbers or specific number

As I run my code I get these warnings, always in groups of four, sporadically. I have tried to locate the source by placing debug messages before and after certain statements to pin-point its origin.

    Warning: invalid value encountered in double_scalars
    Warning: invalid value encountered in double_scalars
    Warning: invalid value encountered in double_scalars
    Warning: invalid value encountered in double_scalars

Is this is a Numpy warning, and what is a double scalar?

From Numpy I use

    min(), argmin(), mean() and random.randn()

I also use Matplotlib

&#39;invalid value encountered in double_scalars&#39; warning, possibly numpy

I need help with setting the limits of y-axis on matplotlib. Here is the code that I tried, unsuccessfully.

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    plt.figure(1, figsize = (8.5,11))
    plt.suptitle(&#39;plot title&#39;)
    ax = []
    aPlot = plt.subplot(321, axisbg = &#39;w&#39;, title = &quot;Year 1&quot;)
    ax.append(aPlot)
    plt.plot(paramValues,plotDataPrice[0], color = &#39;#340B8C&#39;, 
         marker = &#39;o&#39;, ms = 5, mfc = &#39;#EB1717&#39;)
    plt.xticks(paramValues)
    plt.ylabel(&#39;Average Price&#39;)
    plt.xlabel(&#39;Mark-up&#39;)
    plt.grid(True)
    plt.ylim((25,250))

With the data I have for this plot, I get y-axis limits of 20 and 200. However, I want the limits 20 and 250.


setting y-axis limit in matplotlib

I would like to:

    pylab.figure()
    pylab.plot(x)
    pylab.figure()
    pylab.plot(y)
    # ...
    for i, figure in enumerate(pylab.MagicFunctionReturnsListOfAllFigures()):
      figure.savefig(&#39;figure%d.png&#39; % i)

    
What is the magic function that returns a list of current figures in pylab?

Websearch didn&#39;t help...    



Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Matthew Rankin	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Andrew	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Serenity	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How do you determine which backend is being used by matplotlib?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

How to use Java-style throws keyword in C#?

C++ Modules - why were they removed from C++0x? Will they be back later on?

Attributions