Try `0o10`, may be because of python 3, or pyshell itself.

PEP says, 

&gt; octal literals must now be specified
&gt; with a leading &quot;0o&quot; or &quot;0O&quot; instead of
&gt; &quot;0&quot;;

http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3127/


I have a normal INFO level log for application. What I need is to additionally log all ERROR level events to separate error log. I am using configuration like this:

    &lt;logger name=&quot;com.acme&quot;&gt;
      &lt;level value=&quot;error&quot;/&gt;
      &lt;appender-ref ref=&quot;error&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/logger&gt;

    &lt;logger name=&quot;com.acme&quot;&gt;
      &lt;level value=&quot;info&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/logger&gt;

    &lt;root&gt;
      &lt;level value=&quot;warn&quot;/&gt;
      &lt;appender-ref ref=&quot;general&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/root&gt;

This configuration logs errors only. If I put info level logger first, then it will log only to general appender, but error logger will not work. I would like to have them both working.

How to configure log4j to log different log levels to different files for the same logger

I&#39;m pretty new to JUnit, and I don&#39;t really know what best practices are for exceptions and exception handling.

For example, let&#39;s say I&#39;m writing tests for an IPAddress class. It has a constructor IPAddress(String addr) that will throw an InvalidIPAddressException if addr is null. As far as I can tell from googling around, the test for the null parameter will look like this.

	@Test
	public void testNullParameter()
	{
		try
		{
			IPAddress addr = new IPAddress(null);
			assertTrue(addr.getOctets() == null);
		}
		catch(InvalidIPAddressException e)
		{
			return;
		}
		
		fail(&quot;InvalidIPAddressException not thrown.&quot;);
	}

In this case, try/catch makes sense because I know the exception is coming.

But now if I want to write testValidIPAddress(), there&#39;s a couple of ways to do it:

Way #1:

	@Test
	public void testValidIPAddress() throws InvalidIPAddressException
	{
		IPAddress addr = new IPAddress(&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;);
		byte[] octets = addr.getOctets();
		
		assertTrue(octets[0] == 127);
		assertTrue(octets[1] == 0);
		assertTrue(octets[2] == 0);
		assertTrue(octets[3] == 1);
	}

Way #2:

	@Test
	public void testValidIPAddress()
	{
		try
		{
			IPAddress addr = new IPAddress(&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;);
			byte[] octets = addr.getOctets();
			
			assertTrue(octets[0] == 127);
			assertTrue(octets[1] == 0);
			assertTrue(octets[2] == 0);
			assertTrue(octets[3] == 1);
		}
		catch (InvalidIPAddressException e)
		{
			fail(&quot;InvalidIPAddressException: &quot; + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

Is is standard practice to throw unexpected exceptions to JUnit or just deal with them yourself?

Thanks for the help.

Bad form for JUnit test to throw exception?

I&#39;m a beginner in python and I&#39;m trying to use a octal number in my script, but when I try it, it returns me that error:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; a = 010
    SyntaxError: invalid token (&lt;pyshell#0&gt;, line 1)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; 01
    SyntaxError: invalid token (&lt;pyshell#1&gt;, line 1)

There&#39;s something wrong with my code? I&#39;m using Python3 (and reading a python 2.2 book)

Invalid Token when using Octal numbers

I'm a beginner in python and I'm trying to use a octal number in my script, but when I try it, it returns me that error:
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">>>> a = 010
SyntaxError: invalid token (&#x3C;pyshell#0>, line 1)
>>> 01
SyntaxError: invalid token (&#x3C;pyshell#1>, line 1)
</code></pre>
There's something wrong with my code? I'm using Python3 (and reading a python 2.2 book)

I&#39;ve always set up metaclasses something like this:

    class SomeMetaClass(type):
        def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict):
            #do stuff here

But I just came across a metaclass that was defined like this:

    class SomeMetaClass(type):
        def __init__(self, name, bases, dict):
            #do stuff here

Is there any reason to prefer one over the other?

**Update**:  Bear in mind that I&#39;m asking about using `__new__` and `__init__` in a metaclass.  I already understand the difference between them in another class.  But in a metaclass, I can&#39;t use `__new__` to implement caching because `__new__` is only called upon class creation in a metaclass.

Is there any reason to choose __new__ over __init__ when defining a metaclass?

Why do I get this error?

&gt; ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: &#39;&#39;.

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: &#39;&#39;

Caught an exception while rendering:  

&gt; Reverse for &#39;products.views.&#39;filter_by_led&#39; with arguments &#39;()&#39; and
&gt; keyword arguments &#39;{}&#39; not found.

I was able to successfully import `products.views.filter_by_led` from the shell and it worked so the path should be correct.

Here is the urls.py:  

    (r&#39;^led-tv/$&#39;, filter_by_led ),

This is where the error is being generated:  

    href=&quot;{% url products.views.filter_by_led %}&quot;&gt;

Which I can&#39;t understand because this works fine from the same file:  

    {% url products.views.lcd_screen_size screen_size=50 %}
    
Here is the function definition:  

    def filter_by_led(request):
    
I don&#39;t understand why Django would think that the function would not be able to find the Reverse for that function.

I deleted all the `*.pyc` files and restarted Apache.

What am I doing wrong?

Reverse for &#39;*&#39; with arguments &#39;()&#39; and keyword arguments &#39;{}&#39; not found

In Python there is a built-in function called `dir`.  This is used to get a list of all the attributes for an object.

I understand what it does, but I am confused about why it is called `dir`.  How is this name related to getting the attributes from an object?

Why is &#39;dir()&#39; named &#39;dir&#39; in python?

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; [How do I determine if my python shell is executing in 32bit or 64bit mode?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1405913/how-do-i-determine-if-my-python-shell-is-executing-in-32bit-or-64bit-mode)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

I&#39;m doing some work with the windows registry. Depending on whether you&#39;re running python as 32-bit or 64-bit, the key value will be different. How do I detect if Python is running as a 64-bit application as opposed to a 32-bit application?

Note: I&#39;m not interested in detecting 32-bit/64-bit Windows - just the Python platform.

How do I detect if Python is running as a 64-bit application?

Sorry about the vague title, but part of this question is what these two syntax styles are called:

    let foo1 x = 
        match x with
        | 1 -&gt; &quot;one&quot;
        | _ -&gt; &quot;not one&quot;
        
    let foo2 = function 
        | 1 -&gt; &quot;one&quot; 
        | _ -&gt; &quot;not one&quot;

The other part is what difference there is between the two, and when I would want to use one or the other?

F# explicit match vs function syntax

In several JavaScript libraries I saw this notation at the very beginning:

    /**
     * Library XYZ
     */
    ;(function () {
      // ... and so on

While I&#39;m perfectly comfortable with the &quot;immediately executed function&quot; syntax

    (function(){...})()

I was wondering what the leading semicolon is for. All I could come up with is that it is an insurance. That is, if the library is embedded in other, buggy code, it serves as an &quot;the last statement ends here at the latest&quot; kind of speed bump.

Has it got any other functionality?



What does the leading semicolon in JavaScript libraries do?

I&#39;m learning jQuery by trying to understand other people&#39;s code.  I ran into this:

    jQuery.fn.myFunc = function(options, callback) {
    
    //stuff
    
      jQuery(this)[settings.event](function(e) {
    	var self = this,
    	$self = jQuery( this ),
    	$body = jQuery( &quot;body&quot; );
         //etc.
      }
    
    //more stuff
    
    }

My understanding is that `$` refers to the jQuery object.  So why put `$` with `$self` and `$body`? And is `self` the same as `$self`?

why put $ with $self and $body? And is self the same as $self

is this form  of intializing an array to all 0s 

`char myarray[ARRAY_SIZE] = {0}`   supported by all compilers? , 

if so, is there similar syntax to other types? for example 

    bool myBoolArray[ARRAY_SIZE] = {false} 

C++ array initialization




What&#39;s the difference between these two ways of declaring a function?

    function someFunc() { ... }

    var someFunc = function() { ... }

I&#39;m not asking in the technical sense. I&#39;m not asking which is better for readability, or which style is preferred.

Declaring functions in JavaScript

I&#39;m using Python 3.1, if that helps.

Anyways, I&#39;m trying to get the contents of [this][1] webpage. I Googled for a little bit and tried different things, but they didn&#39;t work. I&#39;m guessing that this should be an easy task, but...I can&#39;t get it. :/.


  [1]:http://services.runescape.com/m=hiscore/ranking?table=0&amp;category_type=0&amp;time_filter=0&amp;date=1519066080774&amp;user=zezima

Results of urllib, urllib2:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; import urllib2
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;&lt;pyshell#0&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
        import urllib2
    ImportError: No module named urllib2
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import urllib
    &gt;&gt;&gt; urllib.urlopen(&quot;http://www.python.org&quot;)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;&lt;pyshell#2&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
        urllib.urlopen(&quot;http://www.python.org&quot;)
    AttributeError: &#39;module&#39; object has no attribute &#39;urlopen&#39;
    &gt;&gt;&gt; 


Python 3 solution
============

Thank you, Jason. :D.

    import urllib.request
    page = urllib.request.urlopen(&#39;http://services.runescape.com/m=hiscore/ranking?table=0&amp;category_type=0&amp;time_filter=0&amp;date=1519066080774&amp;user=zezima&#39;)
    print(page.read())



Get webpage contents with Python?

In Python, is there any difference between creating a generator object through a **generator expression** versus using the **yield** statement?

Using *yield*:

    def Generator(x, y):
        for i in xrange(x):
            for j in xrange(y):
                yield(i, j)

Using *generator expression*:

    def Generator(x, y):
        return ((i, j) for i in xrange(x) for j in xrange(y))

Both functions return generator objects, which produce tuples, e.g. (0,0), (0,1) etc.

Any advantages of one or the other? Thoughts?


  [1]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1995418/python-generator-expression-vs-yield/1995585#1995585

Python: generator expression vs. yield

What&#39;s the best way of getting the last item from an iterator in Python 2.6? For example, say

    my_iter = iter(range(5))

What is the shortest-code / cleanest way of getting `4` from `my_iter`?

I could do this, but it doesn&#39;t seem very efficient:

    [x for x in my_iter][-1]

Cleanest way to get last item from Python iterator

Is there a Python built-in datatype, **besides `None`**, for which:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; not foo &gt; None
    True

where `foo` is a value of that type? How about Python 3?

Is everything greater than None?

I am trying to use `str.encode()` but I get

    &gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;hello&quot;.encode(hex)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
    TypeError: must be string, not builtin_function_or_method

I have tried a bunch of variations and they seem to all work in Python 2.5.2, so what do I need to do to get them to work in Python 3.1?

Python 3.1.1 string to hex

Zero is always zero, so it doesn&#39;t matter. But in a recent discussion with a friend he said that octal literals are almost unused today.&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; Then it dawned upon me that actually almost *all* integer literals in my code *are* octal, namely `0`.

Is `0` an octal literal according to the C++ grammar? What does the standard say?

&lt;sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; The only real use I&#39;m aware of is for unix file permissions.&lt;/sub&gt;

Is 0 a decimal literal or an octal literal?

Please explain what, exactly, happens when the following sections of code are executed:

    int a=&#39;\15&#39;;
    System.out.println(a);

this prints out 13;

    int a=&#39;\25&#39;;
    System.out.println(a);

this prints out 21;

    int a=&#39;\100&#39;;
    System.out.println(a);

this prints out 64.

What are the Java semantics of an escaped number in a character literal, e.g. &#39;\15&#39; ?

I have read [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6895522/is-0-a-decimal-literal-or-an-octal-literal). It&#39;s octal in C++ and decimal in Java. But no description about C?

Is it going to make any difference if 0 is octal or decimal? This is the question asked by my interviewer. I said no and I explained that it is always 0 regardless whether it is octal or decimal.

Then he asked why is it considered as octal in C++ and decimal in Java. I said it&#39;s the standard. Please let me know what is it in C? Will it make any difference? Why are they different in different standards?


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Rafael	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	YOU	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Invalid Token when using Octal numbers

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Bad form for JUnit test to throw exception?

How to configure log4j to log different log levels to different files for the same logger

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