why put $ with $self and $body? And is self the same as $self

I'm learning jQuery by trying to understand other people's code. I ran into this:

jQuery.fn.myFunc = function(options, callback) {

//stuff

  jQuery(this)[settings.event](function(e) {
	var self = this,
	$self = jQuery( this ),
	$body = jQuery( "body" );
     //etc.
  }

//more stuff

}

My understanding is that $ refers to the jQuery object. So why put $ with $self and $body? And is self the same as $self?

$self has little to do with $, which is an alias for jQuery in this case. Some people prefer to put a dollar sign together with the variable to make a distinction between regular vars and jQuery objects.

example:

var self = 'some string';
var $self = 'another string';

These are declared as two different variables. It's like putting underscore before private variables.

A somewhat popular pattern is:

var foo = 'some string';
var $foo = $('.foo');

That way, you know $foo is a cached jQuery object later on in the code.

This is pure JavaScript.

There is nothing special about $. It is just a character that may be used in variable names.

var $ = 1;
var $$ = 2;
alert($ + $$);

jQuery just assigns it's core function to a variable called $. The code you have assigns this to a local variable called self and the results of calling jQuery with this as an argument to a global variable called $self.

It's ugly, dirty, confusing, but $, self and $self are all different variables that happen to have similar names.

No, it certainly is not. It is just another variable name. The $() you're talking about is actually the jQuery core function. The $self is just a variable. You can even rename it to foo if you want, this doesn't change things. The $ (and _) are legal characters in a Javascript identifier.

Why this is done so is often just some code convention or to avoid clashes with reversed keywords. I often use it for $this as follows:

var $this = $(this);

self and $self aren't the same. The former is the object pointed to by "this" and the latter a jQuery object whose "scope" is the object pointed to by "this". Similarly, $body isn't the body DOM element but the jQuery object whose scope is the body element.

The dollarsign as a prefix in the var name is a usage from the concept of the hungarian notation.