`cPickle` comes with the standard library… in python 2.x.  You are on python 3.x, so if you want `cPickle`, you can do this:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; import _pickle as cPickle

However, in 3.x, it&#39;s easier just to use `pickle`.

No need to install anything.  If something requires `cPickle` in python 3.x, then that&#39;s probably a bug.

You can use this for both python 2 and 3
```
try:
  import cPickle as pickle
except:
  import pickle
```

I&#39;ve been using [Angular-CLI](https://github.com/angular/angular-cli) for the last little while. It comes with a number of commands including `ng serve` which spins up a server at `localhost:4200`.

I&#39;m used to using Grunt and Gulp which can be configured to suit my needs. I wanted to configure Angular-CLI&#39;s server but then I realized I didn&#39;t know what it was or how to configure it. Grepping the project for `serve` hasn&#39;t unearthed anything that seems useful.

So, what exactly does `ng serve` do?

What happens when you run ng serve?

i wonder if there is a proper way to inject interfaces in Angular2? (cf. below)

I think this is related with the missing @Injectable() decorator on the interface, but it seems this is not allowed.

Regards.

When CoursesServiceInterface is implemented as an interface, the TypeScript compiler complains &quot;CoursesServiceInterface cannot find name&quot;:

    import {CoursesServiceInterface} from &#39;./CoursesService.interface&#39;;
    import {CoursesService} from &#39;./CoursesService.service&#39;;
    import {CoursesServiceMock} from &#39;./CoursesServiceMock.service&#39;;
    bootstrap(AppComponent, [
      ROUTER_PROVIDERS, 
      GlobalService,
      provide(CoursesServiceInterface, { useClass: CoursesServiceMock })
      ]);


but with CoursesServiceInterface as an interface:

    import {Injectable} from &#39;angular2/core&#39;;
    import {Course} from &#39;./Course.class&#39;;
    //@Injectable()
    export interface CoursesServiceInterface {
    	getAllCourses(): Promise&lt;Course[]&gt;;//{ return null; };
    	getCourse(id: number): Promise&lt;Course&gt;;// { return null; };
    	remove(id: number): Promise&lt;{}&gt;;// { return null; };
    }

When service is a class, the TypeScript compiler doesn&#39;t complain anymore:

    import {Injectable} from &#39;angular2/core&#39;;
    import {Course} from &#39;./Course.class&#39;;
    @Injectable()
    export class CoursesServiceInterface {	
    	getAllCourses() : Promise&lt;Course[]&gt; { return null; };
    	getCourse(id: number) :Promise&lt;Course&gt; { return null; };
    	remove (id: number) : Promise&lt;{}&gt; { return null; };
    }


Is it possible to inject interface with angular2?

This might be silly but I am unable to install `cPickle` with python 3.5 docker image

**Dockerfile**

    FROM python:3.5-onbuild

**requirements.txt**

    cpickle

When I try to build the image

    $ docker build -t sample .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072 kB
    Step 1 : FROM python:3.5-onbuild
    # Executing 3 build triggers...
    Step 1 : COPY requirements.txt /usr/src/app/
    Step 1 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
     ---&gt; Running in 016c35a032ee
    Collecting cpickle (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement cpickle (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for cpickle (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
    You are using pip version 7.1.2, however version 8.1.1 is available.
    You should consider upgrading via the &#39;pip install --upgrade pip&#39; command.
    The command &#39;/bin/sh -c pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt&#39; returned a non-zero code: 1



installing cPickle with python 3.5

This might be silly but I am unable to install <code>cPickle</code> with python 3.5 docker image
Dockerfile
<pre><code class="hljs language-css">FROM python:3.5-onbuild
</code></pre>
requirements.txt
<pre><code class="hljs">cpickle
</code></pre>
When I try to build the image
<pre><code class="hljs language-vbnet">$ docker build -t sample .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072 kB
Step 1 : FROM python:3.5-onbuild
# Executing 3 build triggers...
Step 1 : COPY requirements.txt /usr/src/app/
Step 1 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in 016c35a032ee
Collecting cpickle (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
 Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement cpickle (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for cpickle (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
You are using pip version 7.1.2, however version 8.1.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1
</code></pre>

I am using Python 3.5.1. I read the document and the package section here: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#packages

Now, I have the following structure:

    /home/wujek/Playground/a/b/module.py

`module.py`:

    class Foo:
        def __init__(self):
            print(&#39;initializing Foo&#39;)

Now, while in `/home/wujek/Playground`:

    ~/Playground $ python3
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import a.b.module
    &gt;&gt;&gt; a.b.module.Foo()
    initializing Foo
    &lt;a.b.module.Foo object at 0x100a8f0b8&gt;

Similarly, now in home, superfolder of `Playground`:

    ~ $ PYTHONPATH=Playground python3
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import a.b.module
    &gt;&gt;&gt; a.b.module.Foo()
    initializing Foo
    &lt;a.b.module.Foo object at 0x10a5fee10&gt;

Actually, I can do all kinds of stuff:

    ~ $ PYTHONPATH=Playground python3
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import a
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import a.b
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import Playground.a.b

Why does this work? I though there needed to be `__init__.py` files (empty ones would work) in both `a` and `b` for `module.py` to be importable when the Python path points to the `Playground` folder?

This seems to have changed from Python 2.7:

    ~ $ PYTHONPATH=Playground python
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import a
    ImportError: No module named a
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import a.b
    ImportError: No module named a.b
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import a.b.module
    ImportError: No module named a.b.module

With `__init__.py` in both `~/Playground/a` and `~/Playground/a/b` it works fine.

Is __init__.py not required for packages in Python 3.3+

I&#39;m trying to mock a singluar method from the boto3 s3 client object to throw an exception. But I need all other methods for this class to work as normal.

This is so I can test a singular Exception test when and error occurs performing a [upload_part_copy][1]

**1st Attempt**

    import boto3
    from mock import patch

    with patch(&#39;botocore.client.S3.upload_part_copy&#39;, side_effect=Exception(&#39;Error Uploading&#39;)) as mock:
        client = boto3.client(&#39;s3&#39;)
        # Should return actual result
        o = client.get_object(Bucket=&#39;my-bucket&#39;, Key=&#39;my-key&#39;)
        # Should return mocked exception
        e = client.upload_part_copy()

However this gives the following error:

    ImportError: No module named S3

**2nd Attempt**

After looking at the botocore.client.py source code I found that it is doing something clever and the method `upload_part_copy` does not exist. I found that it seems to call `BaseClient._make_api_call` instead so I tried to mock that

    import boto3
    from mock import patch

    with patch(&#39;botocore.client.BaseClient._make_api_call&#39;, side_effect=Exception(&#39;Error Uploading&#39;)) as mock:
        client = boto3.client(&#39;s3&#39;)
        # Should return actual result
        o = client.get_object(Bucket=&#39;my-bucket&#39;, Key=&#39;my-key&#39;)
        # Should return mocked exception
        e = client.upload_part_copy()

This throws an exception... but on the `get_object` which I want to avoid.

Any ideas about how I can only throw the exception on the `upload_part_copy` method?

  [1]: http://boto3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/services/s3.html#S3.Client.upload_part_copy

Mocking boto3 S3 client method Python

I have some images I want to work with, the problem is that there are two kinds of images both are 106 x 106 pixels, some are in color and some are black and white. 

one with only two (2) dimensions:

(106,106)

and one with three (3)

(106,106,3)

Is there a way I can strip this last dimension?

I tried np.delete, but it did not seem to work.

    np.shape(np.delete(Xtrain[0], [2] , 2))
    Out[67]: (106, 106, 2)



Numpy remove a dimension from np array

The following seems to work either way. What is the advantage (other than the nice `repr`) of using `types.SimpleNamespace`? Or is it the same thing?

    &gt;&gt;&gt; import types
    &gt;&gt;&gt; class Cls():
    ...     pass
    ... 
    &gt;&gt;&gt; foo = types.SimpleNamespace() # or foo = Cls()
    &gt;&gt;&gt; foo.bar = 42
    &gt;&gt;&gt; foo.bar
    42
    &gt;&gt;&gt; del foo.bar
    &gt;&gt;&gt; foo.bar
    AttributeError: &#39;types.SimpleNamespace&#39; object has no attribute &#39;bar&#39;

What is the difference between SimpleNamespace and empty class definition?

When constructing a dictionary as follows:

    dict = { True: &#39;yes&#39;, 1: &#39;No&#39;}

When I run it in the interactive Python interpreter the dict is represented this way:

    dict = {True: &#39;No&#39;}

I understand that the values `True` and `1` are equal due to the type coercion because when comparing numeric types, the narrowed type is widened to the other type (boolean is a child of integer). So as I understood from the documentation, when we enter `True == 1` Python converts `True` to `1` and compares them.

What I don&#39;t understand is why the `True` is selected as a key instead of `1`.

I am missing something?


Choice made by Python 3.5 to choose the keys when comparing them in a dictionary

Trying to install inside a docker, either vim or nano but I only get this:

    0% [Connecting to archive.ubuntu.com (91.189.88.152)]

Exit docker and do `ping archive.ubuntu.com` and I get reply, do the same time inside docker it does not respond. 

What could be the problem?

Unable to install vim or nano inside docker container

I have a really long command line for the default process due to a number of arguments.   I think the easiest would be to create a script (for eg.`run.sh`) and then call this script in your `ENTRYPOINT` or `CMD`.  I&#39;m wondering if there is a way to make your `ENTRYPOINT` or `CMD` multiline (the way we write `RUN`).  For eg.

    ENTRYPOINT[&quot;/path/myprocess&quot;,
               &quot;arg1&quot;,
               &quot;arg2&quot; ]

I was thinking this is a valid syntax since the format is json. However, `docker build` throws the error 

    Step 14 : ENTRYPOINT[
    Unknown instruction: ENTRYPOINT[

Is there a way I can split the `ENTRYPOINT` to multiple lines?

Docker multiline CMD or ENTRYPOINT

When I use `docker-compose up` I can see logs for all containers in my `docker-compose.yml` file.

However, when I use `docker-compose run app` I only see console output for `app` but none of the services that `app` depends on. How can see log output for the other services?

How to view log output using docker-compose run?

I&#39;ve been trying to use **Docker (1.10) on Ubuntu 16.04** but installation fails because **Docker Service doesn&#39;t start**.
I&#39;ve already tried to install docker by *docker.io*, *docker-engine* apt packages and `curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh` but it doesn&#39;t work.

My **Host info** is:

`Linux Xenial 4.5.3-040503-generic #201605041831 SMP Wed May 4 22:33:50 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux`

Here is **`systemctl status docker.service`**:

    ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
       Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since s&#225;b 2016-05-14 15:17:31 CEST; 12min ago
         Docs: https://docs.docker.com
      Process: 22479 ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
     Main PID: 22479 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
    
    may 14 15:17:30 Xenial docker[22479]: time=&quot;2016-05-14T15:17:30.103601523+02:00&quot; level=info msg=&quot;New containerd process, pid: 22485\n&quot;
    may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time=&quot;2016-05-14T15:17:31.149064723+02:00&quot; level=error msg=&quot;devmapper: Unable to delete device: devicemapper: Can&#39;t set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool&quot;
    may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time=&quot;2016-05-14T15:17:31.149127439+02:00&quot; level=warning msg=&quot;devmapper: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Please use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `man docker` to refer to dm.thinpooldev section.&quot;
    may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time=&quot;2016-05-14T15:17:31.153010028+02:00&quot; level=error msg=&quot;[graphdriver] prior storage driver \&quot;devicemapper\&quot; failed: devicemapper: Can&#39;t set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool&quot;
    may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time=&quot;2016-05-14T15:17:31.153130839+02:00&quot; level=fatal msg=&quot;Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: devicemapper: Can&#39;t set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool&quot;
    may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
    may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time=&quot;2016-05-14T15:17:31+02:00&quot; level=info msg=&quot;stopping containerd after receiving terminated&quot;
    may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
    may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Unit entered failed state.
    may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Failed with result &#39;exit-code&#39;.

Here is **`sudo docker daemon -D`**

    DEBU[0000] docker group found. gid: 999                 
    DEBU[0000] Listener created for HTTP on unix (/var/run/docker.sock) 
    INFO[0000] previous instance of containerd still alive (23050) 
    DEBU[0000] containerd connection state change: CONNECTING 
    DEBU[0000] Using default logging driver json-file       
    DEBU[0000] Golang&#39;s threads limit set to 55980          
    DEBU[0000] received past containerd event: &amp;types.Event{Type:&quot;live&quot;, Id:&quot;&quot;, Status:0x0, Pid:&quot;&quot;, Timestamp:0x57372cae} 
    DEBU[0000] containerd connection state change: READY    
    DEBU[0000] devicemapper: driver version is 4.34.0       
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: Generated prefix: docker-8:6-2101297 
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: Checking for existence of the pool docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: poolDataMajMin=7:0 poolMetaMajMin=7:1
     
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: Major:Minor for device: /dev/loop0 is:7:0 
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: Major:Minor for device: /dev/loop1 is:7:1 
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: loadDeviceFilesOnStart()          
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: Skipping file /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/metadata/transaction-metadata 
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: loadDeviceFilesOnStart() END      
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: constructDeviceIDMap()            
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: constructDeviceIDMap() END        
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: Rolling back open transaction: TransactionID=1 hash= device_id=1 
    ERRO[0000] devmapper: Unable to delete device: devicemapper: Can&#39;t set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
    WARN[0000] devmapper: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Please use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `man docker` to refer to dm.thinpooldev section. 
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: Initializing base device-mapper thin volume 
    DEBU[0000] devicemapper: CreateDevice(poolName=/dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool, deviceID=1) 
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: Error creating device: devicemapper: Can&#39;t set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
    DEBU[0000] devmapper: Error device setupBaseImage: devicemapper: Can&#39;t set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
    ERRO[0000] [graphdriver] prior storage driver &quot;devicemapper&quot; failed: devicemapper: Can&#39;t set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
    DEBU[0000] Cleaning up old mountid : start.             
    FATA[0000] Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: devicemapper: Can&#39;t set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool

Here is **[./check-config.sh][1]** output:

    warning: /proc/config.gz does not exist, searching other paths for kernel config ...
    info: reading kernel config from /boot/config-4.5.3-040503-generic ...
    
    Generally Necessary:
    - cgroup hierarchy: properly mounted [/sys/fs/cgroup]
    - apparmor: enabled and tools installed
    - CONFIG_NAMESPACES: enabled
    - CONFIG_NET_NS: enabled
    - CONFIG_PID_NS: enabled
    - CONFIG_IPC_NS: enabled
    - CONFIG_UTS_NS: enabled
    - CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES: enabled
    - CONFIG_CGROUPS: enabled
    - CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT: enabled
    - CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE: enabled
    - CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER: enabled
    - CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED: enabled
    - CONFIG_CPUSETS: enabled
    - CONFIG_MEMCG: enabled
    - CONFIG_KEYS: enabled
    - CONFIG_MACVLAN: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_VETH: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_BRIDGE: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_NF_NAT_IPV4: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_IP_NF_FILTER: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_ADDRTYPE: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNTRACK: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_NF_NAT: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_NF_NAT_NEEDED: enabled
    - CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE: enabled
    
    Optional Features:
    - CONFIG_USER_NS: enabled
    - CONFIG_SECCOMP: enabled
    - CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS: enabled
    - CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM: missing
    - CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP: enabled
    - CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED: missing
        (note that cgroup swap accounting is not enabled in your kernel config, you can enable it by setting boot option &quot;swapaccount=1&quot;)
    - CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP: enabled
    - CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING: enabled
    - CONFIG_IOSCHED_CFQ: enabled
    - CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED: enabled
    - CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF: enabled
    - CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB: enabled
    - CONFIG_NET_CLS_CGROUP: enabled (as module)
    - CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_PRIO: enabled
    - CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH: enabled
    - CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED: enabled
    - CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED: missing
    - CONFIG_EXT3_FS: missing
    - CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR: missing
    - CONFIG_EXT3_FS_POSIX_ACL: missing
    - CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY: missing
        (enable these ext3 configs if you are using ext3 as backing filesystem)
    - CONFIG_EXT4_FS: enabled
    - CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL: enabled
    - CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY: enabled
    - Network Drivers:
      - &quot;overlay&quot;:
        - CONFIG_VXLAN: enabled (as module)
    - Storage Drivers:
      - &quot;aufs&quot;:
        - CONFIG_AUFS_FS: missing
      - &quot;btrfs&quot;:
        - CONFIG_BTRFS_FS: enabled (as module)
      - &quot;devicemapper&quot;:
        - CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DM: enabled
        - CONFIG_DM_THIN_PROVISIONING: enabled (as module)
      - &quot;overlay&quot;:
        - CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS: enabled (as module)
      - &quot;zfs&quot;:
        - /dev/zfs: missing
        - zfs command: missing
        - zpool command: missing

If someone could please help me I would be very thankful


  [1]: https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/master/contrib/check-config.sh

Unable to start Docker Service in Ubuntu 16.04

I am developing a service and using there docker compose to spin services like postgres, redis, elasticsearch. I have a web application that is based on RubyOnRails and writes and reads from all those services.

Here is my `docker-compose.yml`

    version: &#39;2&#39;
    
    services:
      redis:
        image: redis:2.8
        networks:
          - frontapp
    
      elasticsearch:
        image: elasticsearch:2.2
        networks:
          - frontapp
    
      postgres:  
        image: postgres:9.5
        environment:
          POSTGRES_USER: elephant
          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: smarty_pants
          POSTGRES_DB: elephant
        volumes:
          - /var/lib/postgresql/data
        networks:
          - frontapp

    networks:
      frontapp:
        driver: bridge


And i can ping containers within this network

    $ docker-compose run redis /bin/bash
    root@777501e06c03:/data# ping postgres
    PING postgres (172.20.0.2): 56 data bytes
    64 bytes from 172.20.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.346 ms
    64 bytes from 172.20.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms
    ...

So far so good. Now I want to run ruby on rails application on my host machine but be able to access postgres instance with url like `postgresql://username:password@postgres/database` currently that is not possible

    $ ping postgres
    ping: unknown host postgres

I can see my network in docker

    $ docker network ls
    NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER
    ac394b85ce09        bridge              bridge              
    0189d7e86b33        elephant_default    bridge              
    7e00c70bde3b        elephant_frontapp   bridge              
    a648554a72fa        host                host                
    4ad9f0f41b36        none                null 

And I can see an interface to it

    $ ifconfig 
    br-0189d7e86b33 Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:76:72:bb:c2  
              inet addr:172.18.0.1  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.0.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::42:76ff:fe72:bbc2/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:36 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:60 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
              RX bytes:2000 (2.0 KB)  TX bytes:8792 (8.7 KB)
    
    br-7e00c70bde3b Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:e7:d1:fe:29  
              inet addr:172.20.0.1  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.0.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::42:e7ff:fed1:fe29/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:1584 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:1597 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
              RX bytes:407137 (407.1 KB)  TX bytes:292299 (292.2 KB)
    ...

But i am not sure what should I do next. I tried to play a bit with `/etc/resolv.conf`, mainly with `nameserver` directive, but that had no effect.

I would appreciate any help of suggestions how to configure this setup correctly.

**UPDATE**

After browsing through Internet resources I managed to assign static IP addresses to boxes. For now it is enough for me to continue development. Here is my current `docker-compose.yml`


    version: &#39;2&#39;
    
    services:
      redis:
        image: redis:2.8
        networks:
          frontapp:
            ipv4_address: 172.25.0.11
    
      elasticsearch:
        image: elasticsearch:2.2
        networks:
          frontapp:
            ipv4_address: 172.25.0.12
    
      postgres:  
        image: postgres:9.5
        environment:
          POSTGRES_USER: elephant
          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: smarty_pants
          POSTGRES_DB: elephant
        volumes:
          - /var/lib/postgresql/data
        networks:
          frontapp:
            ipv4_address: 172.25.0.10
    
    networks:
      frontapp:
        driver: bridge
        ipam:
          driver: default
          config:
            - subnet: 172.25.0.0/16
              gateway: 172.25.0.1

Access docker container from host using containers name

At times, I&#39;ve seen ``.pickle``, ``.pck``, ``.pcl``, and ``.db`` for files that contain Python pickles, but I am unsure what is the most common or best practice. I know that the latter three extensions are also used for other things.

The related question is: What MIME type is preferred for sending pickles between systems using a REST API?


Preferred (or most common) file extension for a Python pickle

When I tried to read a pickle file that saved by a former version of pandas, it yielded an `ImportError`.

&gt; ImportError: No module named &#39;pandas.core.internals.managers&#39;;
&gt; &#39;pandas.core.internals&#39; is not a package

There was no hit on stackoverflow so i would like to share my solution for this particular problem.

ImportError: No module named &#39;pandas.core.internals.managers&#39;; &#39;pandas.core.internals&#39; is not a package

I&#39;m trying to restore a pickled config file from RLLib ([json didn&#39;t work as shown in this post][1]), and getting the following error:

```
config = pickle.load(open(f&quot;{path}/params.pkl&quot;, &quot;rb&quot;))

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
&lt;ipython-input-28-c964561b863c&gt; in &lt;module&gt;
----&gt; 1 config = pickle.load(open(f&quot;{path}/params.pkl&quot;, &quot;rb&quot;))

ValueError: unsupported pickle protocol: 5

```

Python Version = 3.7.0

How can I open this file in 3.7?


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62908522/error-callbacks-must-be-a-callable-method-that-returns-a-subclass-of-defaultc

Python 3.7 Error: Unsupported Pickle Protocol 5

Sometimes there is some non-critical asynchronous operation that needs to happen but I don&#39;t want to wait for it to complete.  In Tornado&#39;s coroutine implementation you can &quot;fire &amp; forget&quot; an asynchronous function by simply ommitting the `yield` key-word.

I&#39;ve been trying to figure out how to &quot;fire &amp; forget&quot; with the new `async`/`await` syntax released in Python 3.5.  E.g., a simplified code snippet:

&lt;!-- language: lang-python --&gt;

    async def async_foo():
        print(&quot;Do some stuff asynchronously here...&quot;)
    
    def bar():
        async_foo()  # fire and forget &quot;async_foo()&quot;
    
    bar()


What happens though is that `bar()` never executes and instead we get a runtime warning:

&lt;!-- language: lang-python --&gt;

    RuntimeWarning: coroutine &#39;async_foo&#39; was never awaited
      async_foo()  # fire and forget &quot;async_foo()&quot;



&quot;Fire and forget&quot; python async/await

I&#39;m migrating from `tornado` to `asyncio`, and I can&#39;t find the `asyncio` equivalent of `tornado`&#39;s `PeriodicCallback`. (A `PeriodicCallback` takes two arguments: the function to run and the number of milliseconds between calls.)
 
- Is there such an equivalent in `asyncio`?
- If not, what would be the cleanest way to implement this without running the risk of getting a `RecursionError` after a while?

How can I periodically execute a function with asyncio?

I want to use generator yield and async functions. I read [this topic][1], and wrote next code:

    import asyncio
    
    async def createGenerator():
    	mylist = range(3)
    	for i in mylist:
    		await asyncio.sleep(1)
    		yield i*i

    async def start():
    	mygenerator = await createGenerator()
    	for i in mygenerator:
    		print(i)
	
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    
    try:
    	loop.run_until_complete(start())
    	
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
    	loop.stop()
    	pass

But i got the error: 

SyntaxError: &#39;yield&#39; inside async function

How to use yield generator in async function?


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/231767/what-does-the-yield-keyword-do-in-python

How to use &#39;yield&#39; inside async function?

I am debugging a Python (`3.5`) program with PyCharm (`PyCharm Community Edition 2016.2.2 ; Build #PC-162.1812.1, built on August 16, 2016 ; JRE: 1.8.0_76-release-b216 x86 ; JVM: OpenJDK Server VM by JetBrains s.r.o`) on Windows 10.

**The problem: when stopped at some breakpoints, the Debugger window is stuck at &quot;Collecting data&quot;, which eventually timeout.** (with *Unable to display frame variables*)

The data to be displayed is neither special, nor particularly large. It is somehow available to PyCharm since a conditional break point on some values of the said data works fine (the program breaks) -- it looks like the process to gather it for display only (as opposed to operational purposes) fails.

When I step into a function around the place I have my breakpoint, its data is displayed correctly. When I go up the stack (to the calling function, the one I stepped down from and where I wanted initially to have the breakpoint) - I am stuck with the &quot;Collecting data&quot; timeout again.

There have been numerous issues raised with the same point since at least 2005. Some were fixed, some not. The fixes were usually updates to the latest version (which I have).

**Is there a general direction I can go to in order to fix or work around this family of problems?**

---

EDIT: a year later the problem is still there and there is still no reaction from the devs/support after the bug was raised.

---

**EDIT April 2018: It looks like the problem is solved in the 2018.1 version**, the following code which was hanging when setting a breakpoint on the `print` line now works (I can see the variables):

    import threading
    
    def worker():
        a = 3
        print(&#39;hello&#39;)
    
    threading.Thread(target=worker).start()

Debugger times out at &quot;Collecting data...&quot;

I&#39;m trying to split my huge class into two; well, basically into the &quot;main&quot; class and a mixin with additional functions, like so:

`main.py` file:

    import mymixin.py

    class Main(object, MyMixin):
        def func1(self, xxx):
            ...


`mymixin.py` file:

    class MyMixin(object):
        def func2(self: Main, xxx):  # &lt;--- note the type hint
            ...

Now, while this works just fine, the type hint in `MyMixin.func2` of course can&#39;t work. I can&#39;t import `main.py`, because I&#39;d get a cyclic import and without the hint, my editor (PyCharm) can&#39;t tell what `self` is.

I&#39;m using Python 3.4, but I&#39;m willing to move to 3.5 if a solution is available there.

Is there any way I can split my class into two files and keep all the &quot;connections&quot; so that my IDE still offers me auto-completion and all the other goodies that come from it knowing the types?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	kampta	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Mike McKerns	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	nicosp	View Answer on Stackoverflow

installing cPickle with python 3.5

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