Mocking boto3 S3 client method Python

I'm trying to mock a singluar method from the boto3 s3 client object to throw an exception. But I need all other methods for this class to work as normal.

This is so I can test a singular Exception test when and error occurs performing a upload_part_copy

1st Attempt

import boto3
from mock import patch

with patch('botocore.client.S3.upload_part_copy', side_effect=Exception('Error Uploading')) as mock:
    client = boto3.client('s3')
    # Should return actual result
    o = client.get_object(Bucket='my-bucket', Key='my-key')
    # Should return mocked exception
    e = client.upload_part_copy()

However this gives the following error:

ImportError: No module named S3

2nd Attempt

After looking at the botocore.client.py source code I found that it is doing something clever and the method upload_part_copy does not exist. I found that it seems to call BaseClient._make_api_call instead so I tried to mock that

import boto3
from mock import patch

with patch('botocore.client.BaseClient._make_api_call', side_effect=Exception('Error Uploading')) as mock:
    client = boto3.client('s3')
    # Should return actual result
    o = client.get_object(Bucket='my-bucket', Key='my-key')
    # Should return mocked exception
    e = client.upload_part_copy()

This throws an exception... but on the get_object which I want to avoid.

Any ideas about how I can only throw the exception on the upload_part_copy method?

Botocore has a client stubber you can use for just this purpose: docs.

Here's an example of putting an error in:

import boto3
from botocore.stub import Stubber

client = boto3.client('s3')
stubber = Stubber(client)
stubber.add_client_error('upload_part_copy')
stubber.activate()

# Will raise a ClientError
client.upload_part_copy()

Here's an example of putting a normal response in. Additionally, the stubber can now be used in a context. It's important to note that the stubber will verify, so far as it is able, that your provided response matches what the service will actually return. This isn't perfect, but it will protect you from inserting total nonsense responses.

import boto3
from botocore.stub import Stubber

client = boto3.client('s3')
stubber = Stubber(client)
list_buckets_response = {
    "Owner": {
        "DisplayName": "name",
        "ID": "EXAMPLE123"
    },
    "Buckets": [{
        "CreationDate": "2016-05-25T16:55:48.000Z",
        "Name": "foo"
    }]
}
expected_params = {}
stubber.add_response('list_buckets', list_buckets_response, expected_params)

with stubber:
    response = client.list_buckets()

assert response == list_buckets_response

As soon as I posted on here I managed to come up with a solution. Here it is hope it helps :)

import botocore
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError
from mock import patch
import boto3

orig = botocore.client.BaseClient._make_api_call

def mock_make_api_call(self, operation_name, kwarg):
    if operation_name == 'UploadPartCopy':
        parsed_response = {'Error': {'Code': '500', 'Message': 'Error Uploading'}}
        raise ClientError(parsed_response, operation_name)
    return orig(self, operation_name, kwarg)

with patch('botocore.client.BaseClient._make_api_call', new=mock_make_api_call):
    client = boto3.client('s3')
    # Should return actual result
    o = client.get_object(Bucket='my-bucket', Key='my-key')
    # Should return mocked exception
    e = client.upload_part_copy()

Jordan Philips also posted a great solution using the the botocore.stub.Stubber class. Whilst a cleaner solution I was un-able to mock specific operations.

Here's an example of a simple python unittest that can be used to fake client = boto3.client('ec2') api call...

import boto3 

class MyAWSModule():
    def __init__(self):
        client = boto3.client('ec2')
        tags = client.describe_tags(DryRun=False)


class TestMyAWSModule(unittest.TestCase):
    @mock.patch("boto3.client.describe_tags")
    @mock.patch("boto3.client")
    def test_open_file_with_existing_file(self, mock_boto_client, mock_describe_tags):
        mock_describe_tags.return_value = mock_get_tags_response
        my_aws_module = MyAWSModule()
    
        mock_boto_client.assert_call_once('ec2')
        mock_describe_tags.assert_call_once_with(DryRun=False)

mock_get_tags_response = {
    'Tags': [
        {
            'ResourceId': 'string',
            'ResourceType': 'customer-gateway',
            'Key': 'string',
            'Value': 'string'
        },
    ],
'NextToken': 'string'
}

hopefully that helps.

If you don't want to use either moto or the botocore stubber (the stubber does not prevent HTTP requests being made to AWS API endpoints it seems), you can use the more verbose unittest.mock way:

foo/bar.py

import boto3

def my_bar_function():
    client = boto3.client('s3')
    buckets = client.list_buckets()
    ...

bar_test.py

import unittest
from unittest import mock


class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):

     @mock.patch('foo.bar.boto3.client')
     def test_that_bar_works(self, mock_s3_client):
         self.assertTrue(mock_s3_client.return_value.list_buckets.call_count == 1)
 

What about simply using moto?

It comes with a very handy decorator:

from moto import mock_s3

@mock_s3
def test_my_model_save():
    pass

I had to mock boto3 client for some integration testing and it was a bit painful! The problem that I had is that moto does not support KMS very well, yet I did not want to rewrite my own mock for the S3 buckets. So I created this morph of all of the answers. Also it works globally which is pretty cool!

I have it setup with 2 files.

First one is aws_mock.py. For the KMS mocking I got some predefined responses that came from live boto3 client.

from unittest.mock import MagicMock

import boto3
from moto import mock_s3

# `create_key` response
create_resp = { ... }

# `generate_data_key` response
generate_resp = { ... }

# `decrypt` response
decrypt_resp = { ... }

def client(*args, **kwargs):
    if args[0] == 's3':
        s3_mock = mock_s3()
        s3_mock.start()
        mock_client = boto3.client(*args, **kwargs)

    else:
        mock_client = boto3.client(*args, **kwargs)

        if args[0] == 'kms':
            mock_client.create_key = MagicMock(return_value=create_resp)
            mock_client.generate_data_key = MagicMock(return_value=generate_resp)
            mock_client.decrypt = MagicMock(return_value=decrypt_resp)

    return mock_client

Second one is the actual test module. Let's call it test_my_module.py. I've omitted the code of my_module. As well as functions that are under the test. Let's call those foo, bar functions.

from unittest.mock import patch

import aws_mock
import my_module

@patch('my_module.boto3')
def test_my_module(boto3):
    # Some prep work for the mock mode
    boto3.client = aws_mock.client

    conn = boto3.client('s3')
    conn.create_bucket(Bucket='my-bucket')
    
    # Actual testing
    resp = my_module.foo()
    assert(resp == 'Valid')

    resp = my_module.bar()
    assert(resp != 'Not Valid')

    # Etc, etc, etc...

One more thing, not sure if that is fixed but I found out that moto was not happy unless you set some environmental variables like credentials and region. They don't have to be actual credentials but they do need to be set. There is a chance it might be fixed by the time you read this! But here is some code in case you do need it, shell code this time!

export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID='foo'
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY='bar'
export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION='us-east-1'

I know it is probably not the prettiest piece of code but if you are looking for something universal it should work pretty well!

Here is my solution for patching a boto client used in the bowels of my project, with pytest fixtures. I'm only using 'mturk' in my project.

The trick for me was to create my own client, and then patch boto3.client with a function that returns that pre-created client.

@pytest.fixture(scope='session')
def patched_boto_client():
    my_client = boto3.client('mturk')

    def my_client_func(*args, **kwargs):
        return my_client

    with patch('bowels.of.project.other_module.boto3.client', my_client_func):
        yield my_client_func


def test_create_hit(patched_boto_client):    
    client = patched_boto_client()
    stubber = Stubber(client)
    stubber.add_response('create_hit_type', {'my_response':'is_great'})
    stubber.add_response('create_hit_with_hit_type', {'my_other_response':'is_greater'})
    stubber.activate()

    import bowels.of.project # this module imports `other_module`
    bowels.of.project.create_hit_function_that_calls_a_function_in_other_module_which_invokes_boto3_dot_client_at_some_point()

I also define another fixture that sets up dummy aws creds so that boto doesn't accidentally pick up some other set of credentials on the system. I literally set 'foo' and 'bar' as my creds for testing -- that's not a redaction.

It's important that AWS_PROFILE env be unset because otherwise boto will go looking for that profile.

@pytest.fixture(scope='session')
def setup_env():
    os.environ['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'] = 'foo'
    os.environ['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'] = 'bar'
    os.environ.pop('AWS_PROFILE', None)

And then I specify setup_env as a pytest usefixtures entry so that it gets used for every test run.