The URL is [relative to the location of the CSS file](https://stackoverflow.com/q/940451/7586), so this should work for you:

    url(&#39;../../images/image.jpg&#39;)

The relative URL goes two folders back, and then to the `images` folder - it should work for both cases, as long as the structure is the same.

From https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS1/#url:

&gt; Partial URLs are interpreted relative to the source of the style sheet, not relative to the document

Personally, I would fix this in the .htaccess file.  You should have access to that.

Define your CSS URL as such:

    url(/image_dir/image.png);

In your .htacess file, put:

    Options +FollowSymLinks
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule ^image_dir/(.*) subdir/images/$1

or

    RewriteRule ^image_dir/(.*) images/$1

depending on the site.


i had the same problem... every time that i wanted to publish my css.. I had to make a search/replace.. and relative path wouldnt work either for me because the relative paths were different from dev to production.

Finally was tired of doing the search/replace and I created a dynamic css, (e.g. www.mysite.com/css.php) it&#39;s the same but now i could use my php constants in the css. somethig like

    .icon{
      background-image:url(&#39;&lt;?php echo BASE_IMAGE;?&gt;icon.png&#39;);
    }

and it&#39;s not a bad idea to make it dynamic because now i could compress it using YUI compressor without loosing the original format on my dev server.

Good Luck!


I see `go` a lot when reading Haskell material or source, but I&#39;ve never been really comfortable about it - (I guess it has the negative connotation of &quot;goto&quot; in my mind). I started learning Haskell with LYAH, and that&#39;s where I picked up the tendency to use `acc` and `step` when writing folds. Where does the convention for writing `go` come from?

Most importantly, what exactly is the name `go` supposed to imply?

Haskell: why the convention to name a helper function &quot;go&quot;?

I am trying to silently install apk into the system. 
My app is located in /system/app and successfully granted permission &quot;android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES&quot;

However I can&#39;t find anywhere how to use this permission. I tried to copy files to /data/app and had no success. Also I tried using this code
 
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        intent.setDataAndType(
                Uri.parse(&quot;file:///sdcard/app.apk&quot;),
                &quot;application/vnd.android.package-archive&quot;);
        startActivity(intent);
But this code opens standard installation dialog. How can I install app silently without root with granted `android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES`?

PS I am writing an app that will install many apks from folder into the system on the first start (replace Setup Wizard). I need it to make firmware lighter. 

If you think that I am writing a virus: All programs are installed into /data/app. Permission Install_packages can only be granted to system-level programs located in /system/app or signed with the system key. So virus can&#39;t get there.

As said http://www.mail-archive.com/android-porting@googlegroups.com/msg06281.html apps CAN be silent installed if they have install_packages permission. Moreover you don&#39;t need Install_packages permission to install packages not silently. Plus http://www.androidzoom.com/android_applications/tools/silent-installer_wgqi.html

Install apps silently, with granted INSTALL_PACKAGES permission

I have a production and development server.
The problem is the directory structure.

Development: 

* `http://dev.com/subdir/images/image.jpg`
* `http://dev.com/subdir/resources/css/style.css`

Production:

* `http://live.com/images/image.jpg`
* `http://live.com/resources/css/style.css`

How can I have a `style.css` in `css` folder that uses on both servers the same path for the `background: url` property? Is there a trick I can use with relative paths?

How to use relative/absolute paths in css URLs?

I have a production and development server.
The problem is the directory structure.
Development:
<ul>
<li><code>http://dev.com/subdir/images/image.jpg</code></li>
<li><code>http://dev.com/subdir/resources/css/style.css</code></li>
</ul>
Production:
<ul>
<li><code>http://live.com/images/image.jpg</code></li>
<li><code>http://live.com/resources/css/style.css</code></li>
</ul>
How can I have a <code>style.css</code> in <code>css</code> folder that uses on both servers the same path for the <code>background: url</code> property? Is there a trick I can use with relative paths?

I want to align my button at the bottom right corner of my div. How can I do that?

![enter image description here][1]

Current css of div:

        float: right;
    	width: 83%;
    	margin-right: 0px;
    	font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
    	font-size: 12px;
    	height:625px;
    	overflow:auto;

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/p6hy8.png

Align button at the bottom of div using CSS

I would like to style the following:

**forms.py:**
   
    from django import forms

    class ContactForm(forms.Form):
	    subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
	    email = forms.EmailField(required=False)
	    message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)

**contact_form.html:**

	&lt;form action=&quot;&quot; method=&quot;post&quot;&gt;
	  &lt;table&gt;
	    {{ form.as_table }}
	  &lt;/table&gt;
	  &lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;Submit&quot;&gt;
	&lt;/form&gt;

For example, how do I set a **class** or **ID** for the `subject`, `email`, `message` to provide an external style sheet to?

CSS styling in Django forms

I can&#39;t believe what is happening in my website. When I add this line:

    &lt;html xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;&gt;
    &lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
    &lt;html&gt;
     &lt;head&gt;

Everything works fine. And when I don&#39;t, CSS &quot;messes&quot; up, everything becomes different and layout becomes &quot;ugly&quot;. 

How can this line solve all the problems?!

What does &quot;&lt;html xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;&gt;&quot; do?

I have this CSS code with an `inline-block`. Can anyone tell me how to make it work in Internet Explorer 6 and 7. Any ideas? Maybe I&#39;m doing something wrong? Thank you!

    #signup {
       color:#FFF;
       border-bottom:solid 1px #444;
       text-transform:uppercase;
       text-align:center;
    }
    #signup #left {
       display: inline-block
    }
    #signup #right {
       background-image:url(images/signup.jpg);
       border-left: solid 1px #000;
       border-right: solid 1px #000;
       display: inline-block; 
       padding:1% 2%
       width:16%;
    }
    #signup #right a { font-size:100%; font-weight:bold } 
    #signup #right p { font-size:90%; font-weight:bold }
    #signup a:hover  { color:#FFF; text-decoration:underline }

Inline block doesn&#39;t work in internet explorer 7, 6

I&#39;m trying to use the `:before` selector to place an image over another image, but I&#39;m finding that it simply doesn&#39;t work to place an image before an `img` element, only some other element.  Specifically, my styles are:

    .container
    {
       position: relative;
       display: block;
    }

    .overlay:before
    {
        content: url(images/[someimage].png);
        position: absolute;
        left:-20px;
        top: -20px;
    }

and I find that this works fine:

    &lt;a href=&quot;[url]&quot; class=&quot;container&quot;&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;overlay&quot;/&gt;
      &lt;img width=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;[url]&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/a&gt;

but this does not:

    &lt;a href=&quot;[url]&quot; class=&quot;container&quot;&gt;
      &lt;img width=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;[url]&quot; class=&quot;overlay&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/a&gt;


I can use a `div` or `p` element instead of that `span`, and the browser correctly overlays my image over the image in the `img` element, but if I apply the overlay class to the `img` itself, it doesn&#39;t work.

I&#39;d like to get this working because that extra `span` offends me, but more importantly, I&#39;ve got about 100 blog posts that I&#39;d like to modify, and I can do this in one go if I could just modify the stylesheet, but if I have to go back and add an extra `span` element in between the `a` and `img` elements, this will be a lot more work.  

Does :before not work on img elements?

ASP.NET offers two ways to specify paths for style sheets:

```
&lt;link href=&quot;/common/black_theme/css/style.css&quot; rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot;&gt;   (this is working)
&lt;link href=&quot;~/common/black_theme/css/style.css&quot; rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot;&gt;  (this is not working)
```

- How are these paths resolved?
- Why are the generated paths different?
- Which one should I pick in which case?

As per my knowledge, `~` represents the root directory of the application.
&quot;common&quot; is the folder below the website root (named `testsite.demo`) in IIS.

Physical path: `D:\Physicalpath\WarpFirstSite\testsite.demo`&lt;br&gt;
&quot;common&quot; folder: `D:\Physicalpath\WarpFirstSite\testsite.demo\common`





Slash (/) vs tilde slash (~/) in style sheet path

Suppose my python code is executed a directory called `main` and the application needs to access `main/2091/data.txt`.

how should I use `open(location)`? what should the parameter `location` be?

I found that below simple code will work.. does it have any disadvantages?


    file = &quot;\2091\sample.txt&quot;
    path = os.getcwd()+file
    fp = open(path, &#39;r+&#39;);



Open file in a relative location in Python

I&#39;m having trouble understanding the ruleset regarding PHP relative include paths.  If I run file A.PHP- and file A.PHP includes file B.PHP which includes file C.PHP, should the relative path to C.PHP be in relation to the location of B.PHP, or to the location of A.PHP?  That is, does it matter which *file* the include is called from, or only what the current working directory is- and what determines the current working directory?





Are PHP include paths relative to the file or the calling code?

I have a folder for my client code, a folder for my server code, and a folder for code that is shared between them

    Proj/
        Client/
            Client.py
        Server/
            Server.py
        Common/
            __init__.py
            Common.py

How do I import Common.py from Server.py and Client.py?

Importing from a relative path in Python

I am examining some code for a friend, and have found that the developer who built his site began each and every relative `src`, `href`, and `include` with a forward slash `/`. 

For example:

    src=&quot;/assets/js/jquery.js&quot;


I have never seen this before. So my question is, why would a developer place a forward slash `/` at the start of a relative path?

Why would a developer place a forward slash at the start of each relative path?

As arguments to my script there are some file paths.  Those can, of course, be relative (or contain ~). But for the functions I&#39;ve written I need paths that are absolute, but do not have their symlinks resolved.

Is there any function for this?

Expand a possible relative path in bash

How do I get the absolute paths of all the files in a directory that could have many sub-folders in Python?

I know `os.walk()` recursively gives me a list of directories and files, but that doesn&#39;t seem to get me what I want. 

Get absolute paths of all files in a directory

I have a folder with ten files in it which I want to loop through. When I print out the name of the file my code works fine:

    import os
    indir = &#39;/home/des/test&#39;
    for root, dirs, filenames in os.walk(indir):
        for f in filenames:
            print(f)

Which prints:

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10

But if I try to open the file in the loop I get an IO error:

    import os
    indir = &#39;/home/des/test&#39;
    for root, dirs, filenames in os.walk(indir):
        for f in filenames:
            log = open(f, &#39;r&#39;)

    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File &quot;/home/des/my_python_progs/loop_over_dir.py&quot;, line 6, in &lt;module&gt;
    log = open(f, &#39;r&#39;)
    IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: &#39;1&#39;
    &gt;&gt;&gt; 

Do I need to pass the full path of the file even inside the loop to `open()` them?

Do I need to pass the full path of a file in another directory to open()?

So, an *absolute path* is a way to get to a certain file or location describing the full route to it, the full path, and it&#39;s OS dependent (the absolute paths for Windows and Linux, for example, are different). A *relative path*, on the other hand, is a route to a file or location which is described from the current location `..` (two dots) indicating a superior level in the directories tree. That has been clear to me for several years now.

When searching I&#39;ve even seen that there are canonicalized files too!
All I know is that CANONICAL means something like &quot;according to the rules&quot; or something.

Can somebody enlighten me in therms of theory about canonical stuff?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	johnlemon	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Css	Kobi	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Css	Garison Piatt	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Css	pleasedontbelong	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to use relative/absolute paths in css URLs?

Css Problem Overview

Css Solutions

Solution 1 - Css

Solution 2 - Css

Solution 3 - Css

Install apps silently, with granted INSTALL_PACKAGES permission

Haskell: why the convention to name a helper function "go"?

Attributions