How to print the full NumPy array, without truncation?
PythonArraysNumpyOptionsOutput FormattingPython Problem Overview
When I print a numpy array, I get a truncated representation, but I want the full array.
Is there any way to do this?
Examples:
>>> numpy.arange(10000)
array([ 0, 1, 2, ..., 9997, 9998, 9999])
>>> numpy.arange(10000).reshape(250,40)
array([[ 0, 1, 2, ..., 37, 38, 39],
[ 40, 41, 42, ..., 77, 78, 79],
[ 80, 81, 82, ..., 117, 118, 119],
...,
[9880, 9881, 9882, ..., 9917, 9918, 9919],
[9920, 9921, 9922, ..., 9957, 9958, 9959],
[9960, 9961, 9962, ..., 9997, 9998, 9999]])
Python Solutions
Solution 1 - Python
import sys
import numpy
numpy.set_printoptions(threshold=sys.maxsize)
Solution 2 - Python
import numpy as np
np.set_printoptions(threshold=np.inf)
I suggest using np.inf
instead of np.nan
which is suggested by others. They both work for your purpose, but by setting the threshold to "infinity" it is obvious to everybody reading your code what you mean. Having a threshold of "not a number" seems a little vague to me.
Solution 3 - Python
The previous answers are the correct ones, but as a weaker alternative you can transform into a list:
>>> numpy.arange(100).reshape(25,4).tolist()
[[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10, 11], [12, 13, 14, 15], [16, 17, 18, 19], [20, 21,22, 23], [24, 25, 26, 27], [28, 29, 30, 31], [32, 33, 34, 35], [36, 37, 38, 39], [40, 41,42, 43], [44, 45, 46, 47], [48, 49, 50, 51], [52, 53, 54, 55], [56, 57, 58, 59], [60, 61,62, 63], [64, 65, 66, 67], [68, 69, 70, 71], [72, 73, 74, 75], [76, 77, 78, 79], [80, 81,82, 83], [84, 85, 86, 87], [88, 89, 90, 91], [92, 93, 94, 95], [96, 97, 98, 99]]
Solution 4 - Python
Temporary setting
If you use NumPy 1.15 (released 2018-07-23) or newer, you can use the printoptions
context manager:
with numpy.printoptions(threshold=numpy.inf):
print(arr)
(of course, replace numpy
by np
if that's how you imported numpy
)
The use of a context manager (the with
-block) ensures that after the context manager is finished, the print options will revert to whatever they were before the block started. It ensures the setting is temporary, and only applied to code within the block.
See numpy.printoptions
documentation for details on the context manager and what other arguments it supports.
Solution 5 - Python
Here is a one-off way to do this, which is useful if you don't want to change your default settings:
def fullprint(*args, **kwargs):
from pprint import pprint
import numpy
opt = numpy.get_printoptions()
numpy.set_printoptions(threshold=numpy.inf)
pprint(*args, **kwargs)
numpy.set_printoptions(**opt)
Solution 6 - Python
This sounds like you're using numpy.
If that's the case, you can add:
import numpy as np
np.set_printoptions(threshold=np.nan)
That will disable the corner printing. For more information, see this NumPy Tutorial.
Solution 7 - Python
Using a context manager as Paul Price sugggested
import numpy as np
class fullprint:
'context manager for printing full numpy arrays'
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault('threshold', np.inf)
self.opt = kwargs
def __enter__(self):
self._opt = np.get_printoptions()
np.set_printoptions(**self.opt)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
np.set_printoptions(**self._opt)
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = np.arange(1001)
with fullprint():
print(a)
print(a)
with fullprint(threshold=None, edgeitems=10):
print(a)
Solution 8 - Python
numpy.savetxt
numpy.savetxt(sys.stdout, numpy.arange(10000))
or if you need a string:
import StringIO
sio = StringIO.StringIO()
numpy.savetxt(sio, numpy.arange(10000))
s = sio.getvalue()
print s
The default output format is:
0.000000000000000000e+00
1.000000000000000000e+00
2.000000000000000000e+00
3.000000000000000000e+00
...
and it can be configured with further arguments.
Note in particular how this also not shows the square brackets, and allows for a lot of customization, as mentioned at: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9360103/how-to-print-a-numpy-array-without-brackets/42046765#42046765
Tested on Python 2.7.12, numpy 1.11.1.
Solution 9 - Python
This is a slight modification (removed the option to pass additional arguments to set_printoptions)
of neoks answer.
It shows how you can use contextlib.contextmanager
to easily create such a contextmanager with fewer lines of code:
import numpy as np
from contextlib import contextmanager
@contextmanager
def show_complete_array():
oldoptions = np.get_printoptions()
np.set_printoptions(threshold=np.inf)
try:
yield
finally:
np.set_printoptions(**oldoptions)
In your code it can be used like this:
a = np.arange(1001)
print(a) # shows the truncated array
with show_complete_array():
print(a) # shows the complete array
print(a) # shows the truncated array (again)
Solution 10 - Python
A slight modification: (since you are going to print a huge list)
import numpy as np
np.set_printoptions(threshold=np.inf, linewidth=200)
x = np.arange(1000)
print(x)
This will increase the number of characters per line (default linewidth of 75). Use any value you like for the linewidth which suits your coding environment. This will save you from having to go through huge number of output lines by adding more characters per line.
Solution 11 - Python
Solution 12 - Python
Complementary to this answer from the maximum number of columns (fixed with numpy.set_printoptions(threshold=numpy.nan)
), there is also a limit of characters to be displayed. In some environments like when calling python from bash (rather than the interactive session), this can be fixed by setting the parameter linewidth
as following.
import numpy as np
np.set_printoptions(linewidth=2000) # default = 75
Mat = np.arange(20000,20150).reshape(2,75) # 150 elements (75 columns)
print(Mat)
In this case, your window should limit the number of characters to wrap the line.
For those out there using sublime text and wanting to see results within the output window, you should add the build option "word_wrap": false
to the sublime-build file [source] .
Solution 13 - Python
To turn it off and return to the normal mode
np.set_printoptions(threshold=False)
Solution 14 - Python
Since NumPy version 1.16, for more details see GitHub ticket 12251.
from sys import maxsize
from numpy import set_printoptions
set_printoptions(threshold=maxsize)
Solution 15 - Python
Suppose you have a numpy array
arr = numpy.arange(10000).reshape(250,40)
If you want to print the full array in a one-off way (without toggling np.set_printoptions), but want something simpler (less code) than the context manager, just do
for row in arr:
print row
Solution 16 - Python
If you're using a jupyter notebook, I found this to be the simplest solution for one off cases. Basically convert the numpy array to a list and then to a string and then print. This has the benefit of keeping the comma separators in the array, whereas using numpyp.printoptions(threshold=np.inf)
does not:
import numpy as np
print(str(np.arange(10000).reshape(250,40).tolist()))
Solution 17 - Python
You won't always want all items printed, especially for large arrays.
A simple way to show more items:
In [349]: ar
Out[349]: array([1, 1, 1, ..., 0, 0, 0])
In [350]: ar[:100]
Out[350]:
array([1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1,
1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1])
It works fine when sliced array < 1000 by default.
Solution 18 - Python
If you are using Jupyter, try the variable inspector extension. You can click each variable to see the entire array.
Solution 19 - Python
You can use the array2string
function - docs.
a = numpy.arange(10000).reshape(250,40)
print(numpy.array2string(a, threshold=numpy.nan, max_line_width=numpy.nan))
# [Big output]
Solution 20 - Python
If an array is too large to be printed, NumPy automatically skips the central part of the array and only prints the corners:
To disable this behaviour and force NumPy to print the entire array, you can change the printing options using set_printoptions
.
>>> np.set_printoptions(threshold='nan')
or
>>> np.set_printoptions(edgeitems=3,infstr='inf',
... linewidth=75, nanstr='nan', precision=8,
... suppress=False, threshold=1000, formatter=None)
You can also refer to the numpy documentation numpy documentation for "or part" for more help.
Solution 21 - Python
If you have pandas available,
numpy.arange(10000).reshape(250,40)
print(pandas.DataFrame(a).to_string(header=False, index=False))
avoids the side effect of requiring a reset of numpy.set_printoptions(threshold=sys.maxsize)
and you don't get the numpy.array and brackets. I find this convenient for dumping a wide array into a log file