When you run py.test, you can pass `-rsx` to report skipped tests. 

From `py.test --help`:

    -r chars            show extra test summary info as specified by chars
                        (f)ailed, (E)error, (s)skipped, (x)failed, (X)passed.

Also see this part of the documentation about skipping: http://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/skipping.html

**Short answer:**

```
pytest -rs
```

This will show extra information of skipped tests.

**Detailed answer:**

To complement @ToddWilson&#39;s answer, the following chars have been added: `p` and `P` ([2.9.0][1]), `a` ([4.1.0][2]) and `A` ([4.5.0][3]). The detailed information about skipped and xfailed tests is not shown by default in order to avoid cluttering the output. You can use the [`-r`][4] flag among with the following chars:

* (`f`)ailed
* (`E`)rror
* (`s`)kipped
* (`x`)failed
* (`X`)passed
* (`p`)assed
* (`P`)assed with output
* (`a`)ll except passed (p/P)
* (`A`)ll.

Warnings are enabled by default, and the default value is `fE`.


  [1]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/changelog.html#id1184
  [2]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/changelog.html#pytest-4-1-0-2019-01-05
  [3]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/changelog.html#pytest-4-5-0-2019-05-11
  [4]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/skipping.html

    var _My_ResetSet_Array = _DB
		.tbl_MyTable
		.Where(x =&gt; x.Active == true
			&amp;&amp; x.DateTimeValueColumn &lt;= DateTime.Now)
		.Select(x =&gt; x);

Upper query is working correct.&lt;br&gt; 
But I want to check only date value only.&lt;br&gt;
But upper query check date + time value.

In traditional mssql, I could write query like below.

    SELECT * FROM dbo.tbl_MyTable
    WHERE 
    CAST(CONVERT(CHAR(10), DateTimeValueColumn, 102) AS DATE) &lt;= 
                CAST(CONVERT(CHAR(10),GETDATE(),102) AS DATE)
    AND
    Active = 1

So could anyone give me suggestion how could I check only date value in Linq.

Linq where clause compare only date value without time value

Somewhere after R 2.1.0, I started noticing short phrases next to the R release number that is displayed on start up.  This turns out to be a release nickname, an undocumented component added to the R.Version variable, accessible with `R.Version$nickname`.  

The archives of R-announce show Peter Dalgaard announcing a new release&#39;s nickname on several occasions (e.g., [here][1]) but I don&#39;t find any other information. Despite being a list element of the object queried by `R.Version()`, it is not included in  help file for that function.

Is there any documentation on this feature? Ideally I&#39;d like a statement of the system used to determine a release&#39;s nickname, but any authoritative reference would be great. 


  [1]: http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/announce/12/0228.html

Is there any authoritative documentation on R release nicknames?

I am using `skipIf()` from `unittest` for skipping tests in certain conditions. 

    @unittest.skipIf(condition), &quot;this is why I skipped them!&quot;)

How do I tell `py.test` to display skipping conditions?

I know that for unittest I need to enable the verbose mode (`-v`) but the same parameter added to py.test increase the verbosity by still does not display the skip reasons.

How to I display why some tests where skipped while using py.test?

I am using <code>skipIf()</code> from <code>unittest</code> for skipping tests in certain conditions.
<pre><code class="hljs language-python">@unittest.skipIf(condition), "this is why I skipped them!")
</code></pre>
How do I tell <code>py.test</code> to display skipping conditions?
I know that for unittest I need to enable the verbose mode (<code>-v</code>) but the same parameter added to py.test increase the verbosity by still does not display the skip reasons.

I&#39;m generating a bar-chart with matplotlib. It all works well but I can&#39;t figure out how to prevent the labels of the x-axis from overlapping each other. Here an example:  
![enter image description here][1]


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/BCm0v.png  
Here is some sample SQL for a postgres 9.1 database:  

    drop table if exists mytable;
    create table mytable(id bigint, version smallint, date_from timestamp without time zone);
    insert into mytable(id, version, date_from) values
    
    (&#39;4084036&#39;, &#39;1&#39;, &#39;2006-12-22 22:46:35&#39;),
    (&#39;4084938&#39;, &#39;1&#39;, &#39;2006-12-23 16:19:13&#39;),
    (&#39;4084938&#39;, &#39;2&#39;, &#39;2006-12-23 16:20:23&#39;),
    (&#39;4084939&#39;, &#39;1&#39;, &#39;2006-12-23 16:29:14&#39;),
    (&#39;4084954&#39;, &#39;1&#39;, &#39;2006-12-23 16:28:28&#39;),
    (&#39;4250653&#39;, &#39;1&#39;, &#39;2007-02-12 21:58:53&#39;),
    (&#39;4250657&#39;, &#39;1&#39;, &#39;2007-03-12 21:58:53&#39;)
    ;  


And this is my python-script:  

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    #!/usr/bin/python2.7
    import psycopg2
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    fig = plt.figure()
    
    # for savefig()
    import pylab
    
    ###
    ### Connect to database with psycopg2
    ###
    
    try:
      conn_string=&quot;dbname=&#39;x&#39; user=&#39;y&#39; host=&#39;z&#39; password=&#39;pw&#39;&quot;
      print &quot;Connecting to database\n-&gt;%s&quot; % (conn_string)
          
      conn = psycopg2.connect(conn_string)
      print &quot;Connection to database was established succesfully&quot;
    except:
      print &quot;Connection to database failed&quot;
    
    ###
    ### Execute SQL query
    ###  
      
    # New cursor method for sql
    cur = conn.cursor()
    
    # Execute SQL query. For more than one row use three &#39;&quot;&#39;
    try:
      cur.execute(&quot;&quot;&quot; 
      
    -- In which year/month have these points been created?
    -- Need &#39;yyyymm&#39; because I only need Months with years (values are summeed up). Without, query returns every day the db has an entry.

    SELECT to_char(s.day,&#39;yyyymm&#39;) AS month
          ,count(t.id)::int AS count
    FROM  (
       SELECT generate_series(min(date_from)::date
                             ,max(date_from)::date
                             ,interval &#39;1 day&#39;
              )::date AS day
       FROM   mytable t
       ) s
    LEFT   JOIN mytable t ON t.date_from::date = s.day
    GROUP  BY month
    ORDER  BY month;
    
      &quot;&quot;&quot;)
    
    # Return the results of the query. Fetchall() =  all rows, fetchone() = first row
      records = cur.fetchall()
      cur.close()
    
    except:
      print &quot;Query could not be executed&quot;
    
    # Unzip the data from the db-query. Order is the same as db-query output
    year, count = zip(*records)
    
    ###
    ### Plot (Barchart)
    ###
    
    # Count the length of the range of the count-values, y-axis-values, position of axis-labels, legend-label
    plt.bar(range(len(count)), count, align=&#39;center&#39;, label=&#39;Amount of created/edited points&#39;)
    
    # Add database-values to the plot with an offset of 10px/10px
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
    for i,j in zip(year,count):
        ax.annotate(str(j), xy=(i,j), xytext=(10,10), textcoords=&#39;offset points&#39;)
    
    # Rotate x-labels on the x-axis
    fig.autofmt_xdate()
    
    # Label-values for x and y axis
    plt.xticks(range(len(count)), (year))
    
    # Label x and y axis
    plt.xlabel(&#39;Year&#39;)
    plt.ylabel(&#39;Amount of created/edited points&#39;)
    
    # Locate legend on the plot (http://matplotlib.org/users/legend_guide.html#legend-location)
    plt.legend(loc=1)
    
    # Plot-title
    plt.title(&quot;Amount of created/edited points over time&quot;)
    
    # show plot
    pylab.show()




Is there a way how I can prevent the labels from overlapping each other? Ideally in an automatic way, because I can&#39;t predict the amount of bars.


matplotlib: how to prevent x-axis labels from overlapping

I am using Flask and MongoDB. I am trying to convert the content of request.form into something suitable for saving via PyMongo. It seems like something that should come up often enough to have a ready-made solution.

So what Flask give me is something like:

    ImmutableMultiDict([(&#39;default&#39;, u&#39;&#39;), (&#39;required&#39;: u&#39;on&#39;), (&#39;name&#39;, u&#39;short_text&#39;), (&#39;name&#39;, u&#39;another&#39;), (&#39;submit&#39;, u&#39;Submit&#39;)])

And what I am looking to get is something close to this:

    {
      &#39;default&#39;: &#39;&#39;,
      &#39;name&#39;: [&#39;short_text&#39;, &#39;another&#39;],
      &#39;required&#39;: true
    }


In Flask convert form POST object into a representation suitable for mongodb

I was looking for a easy way to know bytes size of arrays and dictionaries object, like 

    [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6] ] or { 1:{2:2} }

Many topics say to use pylab, for example:

    from pylab import *
    
    A = array( [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6] ] )
    A.nbytes
    24

But, what about dictionaries?
I saw lot of answers proposing to use pysize or heapy. An easy answer is given by Torsten Marek in this link: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/110259/python-memory-profiler, but I haven&#39;t a clear interpretation about the output because the number of bytes didn&#39;t match.

Pysize seems to be more complicated and I haven&#39;t a clear idea about how to use it yet.

Given the simplicity of size calculation that I want to perform (no classes nor complex structures), any idea about a easy way to get a approximate estimation of memory usage of this kind of objects?


Kind regards.

How to know bytes size of python object like arrays and dictionaries? - The simple way

Variables in Python are just pointers, as far as I know.

Based on this rule, I can assume that the result for this code snippet:

    i = 5
    j = i
    j = 3
    print(i)

would be `3`.

But I got an unexpected result for me, and it was `5`.

Moreover, my Python book does cover this example:

    i = [1,2,3]
    j = i
    i[0] = 5
    print(j)

The result would be `[5,2,3]`.

What am I understanding wrong?




Are Python variables pointers? Or else, what are they?

I want to catch a specific `ValueError`, not just any `ValueError`.  
I tried something like this:  

    try: maquina[&#39;WPF&#39;] = macdat(ibus, id, &#39;WPF&#39;)
    except: ValueError, &#39;For STRING = ’WPF’, this machine is not a wind machine.&#39;:
        pass

But it raises a `SyntaxError: can&#39;t assign to literal.`  
Then I tried:

    try: maquina[&#39;WPF&#39;] = macdat(ibus, id, &#39;WPF&#39;)
    except ValueError, e:
        if e != &#39;For STRING = ’WPF’, this machine is not a wind machine.&#39;:
            raise ValueError, e

But it raises the exception, even if it is the one I want to avoid.

Python: Catching specific exception

Debian does not provide any precompiled packages for gTest anymore. They suggest you integrate the framework into your project&#39;s makefile. But I want to keep my makefile clean. How do I set up gTest like the former versions (&lt;1.6.0), so that I can link against the library?

How to set up googleTest as a shared library on Linux

I have some tests that use the built in `Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting`, but can not get them to run.

I am using visual studio 2012 ultimate.

I have a solution of two projects; One has tests, `using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting`, `[TestClass]` before the class,  `[TestMethod]` before the test methods and reference `Microsoft.VisualStudio.QualityTools.UnitTestFramework` (version 10.0.0.0, runtime version v2.0.50727). I have tried dot-net framework 3.5, 4 and 4.5 others give a re-targeting error.

I have tried to build the solution and project. Test explorer has the message `Build your solution to discover all available tests. Click &quot;run all&quot; to build, discover, and run all tests in your solution.

So the question is: How to I get visual studio to find the tests?

---

Have also tried to follow this: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms379625%28v=VS.80%29.aspx but with no success: I get stuck in section getting started, when asked to right click and select `create tests`. There is no `create tests`.

---
I have this test(it compiles, but does not show up in test explorer):

    using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

    namespace tests {
        [TestClass]
        public class SimpleTest {
            [TestMethod]
            public void Test() {
                Assert.AreEqual(&quot;a&quot;,&quot;a&quot;, &quot;same&quot;);
            }
        }
    }
 ---
I have now discovered (see deleted answer below) that it is because it is on a shared drive, but I don&#39;t as yet know how to get around it. (something about the security setting maybe).


Why does visual studio 2012 not find my tests?

I have a project on github that has extensive unit tests (using mocha for node.js). 

I&#39;d like to show off by showing those tests passing/failing on each page. I notice other projects on Github are doing this.

![enter image description here][2]

I&#39;ve been unable to find any documentation on how to make the test status display. 

 - How can I make Github show unit test output? 
 - Does Github run the tests or do you need to hook up with an external webapp? 
 - Is there a free webservice to do this (my app is Open Source)? 

  [1]: https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/GitHub+Plugin#GitHubPlugin-GithubPlugin
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/Yd3i3.png

How do show my tests passing/failing in Github?

I&#39;m getting stuck with some unittests.

Here&#39;s the simplest example I could come up with:

    #testito.py
    import unittest
    
    class Prueba(unittest.TestCase):
    
        def setUp(self):
            pass
        def printsTrue(self):
            self.assertTrue(True)
            
    if __name__==&quot;__main__&quot;:
        unittest.main()

Problem is, running this has no effect:


    $ python testito.py 
    
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    Ran 0 tests in 0.000s
    
    OK

I&#39;m scratching my head as I don&#39;t see any problem with the code above.
It happened with a couple of tests now and I don&#39;t really know what to do next.
Any idea?


Unit Test not running

JUnit 4 and TestNG used to be comparable. What are the pros and cons of the two testing frameworks?

JUnit 4 vs TestNG - Update 2013 - 2014

I&#39;ve installed pytest 2.3.4 under Debian Linux.  By default it runs under Python 2.7, but sometimes I&#39;d like to run it under Python 3.x, which is also installed.  I can&#39;t seem to find any instructions on how to do that.

The PyPI Trove classifiers show Python :: 3 so presumably it must be possible.  Aside from `py.test somedir/sometest.py`, I can use `python -m pytest ...`, or even `python2.7 -m pytest ...`, but if I try `python3 -m pytest ...` I get

`/usr/bin/python3: No module named pytest`

Pytest and Python 3

Sometimes I want to just insert some print statements in my code, and see what gets printed out when I exercise it. My usual way to &quot;exercise&quot; it is with existing pytest tests. But when I run these, I don&#39;t seem able to see any standard output (at least from within PyCharm, my IDE).

Is there a simple way to see standard output during a pytest run?


How can I see normal print output created during pytest run?

I&#39;m using pytest for my test suite. While catching bugs in complex inter-components test, I would like to place ``import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()`` in the middle of my code to allow me to debug it.

However, since pytest traps sys.stdin/sys.stdout ipdb fails. How can I use ipdb while testing with pytest.

I&#39;m not interested in jumping to pdb or ipdb after a failure, but to place breaks anywhere in the code and be able to debug it there before the failure occurs.

How to execute ipdb.set_trace() at will while running pytest tests

Is there some way to speed up the repeated execution of `pytest`? It seems to spend a lot of time collecting tests, even if I specify which files to execute on the command line. I know it isn&#39;t a disk speed issue either since running pyflakes across all the .py files is very fast.

----

The various answers represent different ways pytest can be slow. They helped sometimes, did not in others. I&#39;m adding one more answer that explains a common speed problem. But it&#39;s not possible to select &quot;The&quot; answer here.

How to speed up pytest

I&#39;m trying to figure out how to get `python setup.py test` to run the equivalent of `python -m unittest discover`.  I don&#39;t want to use a run_tests.py script and I don&#39;t want to use any external test tools (like `nose` or `py.test`).  It&#39;s OK if the solution only works on python 2.7.

In `setup.py`, I think I need to add something to the `test_suite` and/or `test_loader` fields in config, but I can&#39;t seem to find a combination that works correctly:

    config = {
        &#39;name&#39;: name,
        &#39;version&#39;: version,
        &#39;url&#39;: url,
        &#39;test_suite&#39;: &#39;???&#39;,
        &#39;test_loader&#39;: &#39;???&#39;,
    }

**Is this possible using only `unittest` built into python 2.7?**

FYI, my project structure looks like this:

    project/
      package/
        __init__.py
        module.py
      tests/
        __init__.py
        test_module.py
      run_tests.py &lt;- I want to delete this
      setup.py

**Update**: This is possible with `unittest2` but I want find something equivalent using only `unittest`

From https://pypi.python.org/pypi/unittest2

&gt; unittest2 includes a very basic setuptools compatible test collector. Specify test_suite = &#39;unittest2.collector&#39; in your setup.py. This starts test discovery with the default parameters from the directory containing setup.py, so it is perhaps most useful as an example (see unittest2/collector.py).

For now, I&#39;m just using a script called `run_tests.py`, but I&#39;m hoping I can get rid of this by moving to a solution that only uses `python setup.py test`.

Here&#39;s the `run_tests.py` I&#39;m hoping to remove:

    import unittest

    if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
        
        # use the default shared TestLoader instance
        test_loader = unittest.defaultTestLoader
        
        # use the basic test runner that outputs to sys.stderr
        test_runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
        
        # automatically discover all tests in the current dir of the form test*.py
        # NOTE: only works for python 2.7 and later
        test_suite = test_loader.discover(&#39;.&#39;)
        
        # run the test suite
        test_runner.run(test_suite)

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	sorin	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	todd	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	lmiguelvargasf	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to I display why some tests where skipped while using py.test?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Is there any authoritative documentation on R release nicknames?

Linq where clause compare only date value without time value

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