How to get the primary IP address of the local machine on Linux and OS X?
BashUnixIpIfconfigBash Problem Overview
I am looking for a command line solution that would return me the primary (first) IP address of the localhost, other than 127.0.0.1
The solution should work at least for Linux (Debian and RedHat) and OS X 10.7+
I am aware that ifconfig is available on both but its output is not so consistent between these platforms.
Bash Solutions
Solution 1 - Bash
Use grep to filter IP address from ifconfig:
ifconfig | grep -Eo 'inet (addr:)?([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*' | grep -Eo '([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*' | grep -v '127.0.0.1'
Or with sed:
ifconfig | sed -En 's/127.0.0.1//;s/.*inet (addr:)?(([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*).*/\2/p'
If you are only interested in certain interfaces, wlan0, eth0, etc. then:
ifconfig wlan0 | ...
You can alias the command in your .bashrc to create your own command called myip for instance.
alias myip="ifconfig | sed -En 's/127.0.0.1//;s/.*inet (addr:)?(([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*).*/\2/p'"
A much simpler way is hostname -I (hostname -i for older versions of hostname but see comments). However, this is on Linux only.
Solution 2 - Bash
The following will work on Linux but not OSX.
This doesn't rely on DNS at all, and it works even if /etc/hosts is not set correctly (1 is shorthand for 1.0.0.0):
ip route get 1 | awk '{print $NF;exit}'
or avoiding awk and using Google's public DNS at 8.8.8.8 for obviousness:
ip route get 8.8.8.8 | head -1 | cut -d' ' -f8
A less reliable way: (see comment below)
hostname -I | cut -d' ' -f1
Solution 3 - Bash
For linux machines (not OS X) :
hostname --ip-address
Solution 4 - Bash
Solution
$ ip -o route get to 8.8.8.8 | sed -n 's/.*src \([0-9.]\+\).*/\1/p'
192.168.8.16
Explanation
The correct way to query network information is using ip:
-oone-line outputroute get toget the actual kernel route to a destination8.8.8.8Google IP, but can use the real IP you want to reach
e.g. ip output:
8.8.8.8 via 192.168.8.254 dev enp0s25 src 192.168.8.16 uid 1000 \ cache
To extract the src ip, sed is the ligthest and most compatible with regex support:
-nno output by default's/pattern/replacement/p'match pattern and print replacement only.*src \([0-9.]\+\).*match the src IP used by the kernel, to reach8.8.8.8
e.g. final output:
192.168.8.16
Other answers
I think none of the preceding answer are good enough for me, as they don't work in a recent machine (Gentoo 2018).
Issues I found with preceding answers:
- use of positional column in command output;
- use of
ifconfigwhich is deprecated and -- for example -- don't list multple IPs; - use of
awkfor a simple task which sed can handle better; ip route get 1is unclear, and is actually an alias forip route get to 1.0.0.0- use of
hostnamecommand, which don't have-Ioption in all appliance and which return127.0.0.1in my case.
Solution 5 - Bash
on Linux
hostname -I
on macOS
ipconfig getifaddr en0
hostname -I can return multiple addresses in an unreliable order (see the hostname manpage), but for me it just returns 192.168.1.X, which is what you wanted.
Solution 6 - Bash
Edited (2014-06-01 2018-01-09 2021-07-25)
From some time ago, I use now newer ip tool. But under [tag:bash], I will do simply:
read -r _{,} gateway _ iface _ ip _ < <(ip r g 1.0.0.0)
Then
printf '%-12s %s\n' gateway $gateway iface $iface ip $ip
gateway 192.168.1.1
iface eth0
ip 192.168.1.37
From there, the mask is:
while IFS=$' /\t\r\n' read lne lip lmask _;do
[ "$lne" = "inet" ] && [ "$lip" = "$ip" ] && mask=$lmask
done < <(ip a s dev $iface)
echo Mask is $mask bits.
Mask is 24 bits.
Then if you want to see your mask as an IP:
printf -v msk '%*s' $mask ''
printf -v msk %-32s ${msk// /1}
echo $((msk=2#${msk// /0},msk>>24)).$((msk>>16&255)).$((msk>>8&255)).$((msk&255))
255.255.255.0
Edited (2014-06-01 2018-01-09)
For stronger config, with many interfaces and many IP configured on each interfaces, I wrote a pure bash script (not based on 127.0.0.1) for finding correct interface and ip, based on default route. I post this script at very bottom of this answer.
Intro
As both Os have [tag:bash] installed by default, there is a bash tip for both Mac and Linux:
The locale issue is prevented by the use of LANG=C:
myip=
while IFS=$': \t' read -a line ;do
[ -z "${line%inet}" ] && ip=${line[${#line[1]}>4?1:2]} &&
[ "${ip#127.0.0.1}" ] && myip=$ip
done< <(LANG=C /sbin/ifconfig)
echo $myip
Putting this into a function:
Minimal:
getMyIP() {
local _ip _line
while IFS=$': \t' read -a _line ;do
[ -z "${_line%inet}" ] &&
_ip=${_line[${#_line[1]}>4?1:2]} &&
[ "${_ip#127.0.0.1}" ] && echo $_ip && return 0
done< <(LANG=C /sbin/ifconfig)
}
Simple use:
getMyIP
192.168.1.37
Fancy tidy:
getMyIP() {
local _ip _myip _line _nl=$'\n'
while IFS=$': \t' read -a _line ;do
[ -z "${_line%inet}" ] &&
_ip=${_line[${#_line[1]}>4?1:2]} &&
[ "${_ip#127.0.0.1}" ] && _myip=$_ip
done< <(LANG=C /sbin/ifconfig)
printf ${1+-v} $1 "%s${_nl:0:$[${#1}>0?0:1]}" $_myip
}
Usage:
getMyIP
192.168.1.37
or, running same function, but with an argument:
getMyIP varHostIP
echo $varHostIP
192.168.1.37
set | grep ^varHostIP
varHostIP=192.168.1.37
Nota: Without argument, this function output on STDOUT, the IP and a newline, with an argument, nothing is printed, but a variable named as argument is created and contain IP without newline.
Nota2: This was tested on Debian, LaCie hacked nas and MaxOs. If this won't work under your environ, I will be very interested by feed-backs!
Older version of this answer
( Not deleted because based on sed, not bash. )
Warn: There is an issue about locales!
Quick and small:
myIP=$(ip a s|sed -ne '/127.0.0.1/!{s/^[ \t]*inet[ \t]*\([0-9.]\+\)\/.*$/\1/p}')
Exploded (work too;)
myIP=$(
ip a s |
sed -ne '
/127.0.0.1/!{
s/^[ \t]*inet[ \t]*\([0-9.]\+\)\/.*$/\1/p
}
'
)
Edit:
How! This seem not work on Mac OS...
Ok, this seem work quite same on Mac OS as on my Linux:
myIP=$(LANG=C /sbin/ifconfig | sed -ne $'/127.0.0.1/ ! { s/^[ \t]*inet[ \t]\\{1,99\\}\\(addr:\\)\\{0,1\\}\\([0-9.]*\\)[ \t\/].*$/\\2/p; }')
splitted:
myIP=$(
LANG=C /sbin/ifconfig |
sed -ne $'/127.0.0.1/ ! {
s/^[ \t]*inet[ \t]\\{1,99\\}\\(addr:\\)\\{0,1\\}\\([0-9.]*\\)[ \t\/].*$/\\2/p;
}')
My script (jan 2018):
This script will first find your default route and interface used for, then search for local ip matching network of gateway and populate variables. The last two lines just print, something like:
Interface : en0
Local Ip : 10.2.5.3
Gateway : 10.2.4.204
Net mask : 255.255.252.0
Run on mac : true
or
Interface : eth2
Local Ip : 192.168.1.31
Gateway : 192.168.1.1
Net mask : 255.255.255.0
Run on mac : false
Well, there it is:
#!/bin/bash
runOnMac=false
int2ip() { printf ${2+-v} $2 "%d.%d.%d.%d" \
$(($1>>24)) $(($1>>16&255)) $(($1>>8&255)) $(($1&255)) ;}
ip2int() { local _a=(${1//./ }) ; printf ${2+-v} $2 "%u" $(( _a<<24 |
${_a[1]} << 16 | ${_a[2]} << 8 | ${_a[3]} )) ;}
while IFS=$' :\t\r\n' read a b c d; do
[ "$a" = "usage" ] && [ "$b" = "route" ] && runOnMac=true
if $runOnMac ;then
case $a in
gateway ) gWay=$b ;;
interface ) iFace=$b ;;
esac
else
[ "$a" = "0.0.0.0" ] && [ "$c" = "$a" ] && iFace=${d##* } gWay=$b
fi
done < <(/sbin/route -n 2>&1 || /sbin/route -n get 0.0.0.0/0)
ip2int $gWay gw
while read lhs rhs; do
[ "$lhs" ] && {
[ -z "${lhs#*:}" ] && iface=${lhs%:}
[ "$lhs" = "inet" ] && [ "$iface" = "$iFace" ] && {
mask=${rhs#*netmask }
mask=${mask%% *}
[ "$mask" ] && [ -z "${mask%0x*}" ] &&
printf -v mask %u $mask ||
ip2int $mask mask
ip2int ${rhs%% *} ip
(( ( ip & mask ) == ( gw & mask ) )) &&
int2ip $ip myIp && int2ip $mask netMask
}
}
done < <(/sbin/ifconfig)
printf "%-12s: %s\n" Interface $iFace Local\ Ip $myIp \
Gateway $gWay Net\ mask $netMask Run\ on\ mac $runOnMac
Solution 7 - Bash
Specific to only certain builds of Ubuntu. Though it may just tell you 127.0.0.1:
hostname -i
or
hostname -I
Solution 8 - Bash
You can also get IP version 4 address of eth0 by using this command in linux
/sbin/ip -4 -o addr show dev eth0| awk '{split($4,a,"/");print a[1]}'
Output will be like this
[root@localhost Sathish]# /sbin/ip -4 -o addr show dev eth0| awk '{split($4,a,"/");print a[1]}'
192.168.1.22
Solution 9 - Bash
Using some of the other methods You may enter a conflict where multiple IP adresses is defined on the system. This line always gets the IP address by default used.
ip route get 8.8.8.8 | head -1 | awk '{print $7}'
Solution 10 - Bash
#This works on Linux and OSX#
This will get the interface associated to the default route
NET_IF=`netstat -rn | awk '/^0.0.0.0/ {thif=substr($0,74,10); print thif;} /^default.*UG/ {thif=substr($0,65,10); print thif;}'`
Using the interface discovered above, get the ip address.
NET_IP=`ifconfig ${NET_IF} | grep -Eo 'inet (addr:)?([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*' | grep -Eo '([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*' | grep -v '127.0.0.1'`
##OSX uname -a
Darwin laptop 14.4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 14.4.0: Thu May 28 11:35:04 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2782.30.5~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
echo $NET_IF
en5
echo $NET_IP
192.168.0.130
##CentOS Linux
uname -a
Linux dev-cil.medfx.local 2.6.18-164.el5xen 1 SMP Thu Sep 3 04:03:03 EDT 2009 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
echo $NET_IF
eth0
echo $NET_IP
192.168.46.10
Solution 11 - Bash
ifconfig | grep 'inet ' | grep -v '127.0.0.1' | awk '{print $2}'
Solution 12 - Bash
Im extracting my comment to this answer:
ip route get 1 | sed -n 's/^.*src \([0-9.]*\) .*$/\1/p'
It bases on @CollinAnderson answer which didn't work in my case.
Solution 13 - Bash
Assuming you need your primary public IP as it seen from the rest of the world, try any of those:
wget http://ipecho.net/plain -O - -q
curl http://icanhazip.com
curl http://ifconfig.me/ip
Solution 14 - Bash
Finds an IP address of this computer in a network which is a default gateway (for example excludes all virtual networks, docker bridges) eg. internet gateway, wifi gateway, ethernet
ip route| grep $(ip route |grep default | awk '{ print $5 }') | grep -v "default" | awk '/scope/ { print $9 }'
Works on Linux.
Test:
➜ ~ ip route| grep $(ip route |grep default | awk '{ print $5 }') | grep -v "default" | awk '/scope/ { print $9 }'
192.168.0.114
➜ reverse-networking git:(feature/type-local) ✗ ifconfig wlp2s0
wlp2s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.114 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet6 fe80::d3b9:8e6e:caee:444 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether ac:x:y:z txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 25883684 bytes 27620415278 (25.7 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 27 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 7511319 bytes 1077539831 (1.0 GiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
Solution 15 - Bash
The shortest way to get your local ipv4-address on your linux system:
hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'
Solution 16 - Bash
I have to add to Collin Andersons answer that this method also takes into account if you have two interfaces and they're both showing as up.
ip route get 1 | awk '{print $NF;exit}'
I have been working on an application with Raspberry Pi's and needed the IP address that was actually being used not just whether it was up or not. Most of the other answers will return both IP address which isn't necessarily helpful - for my scenario anyway.
Solution 17 - Bash
Primary network interface IP
ifconfig `ip route | grep default | head -1 | sed 's/\(.*dev \)\([a-z0-9]*\)\(.*\)/\2/g'` | grep -oE "\b([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}\b" | head -1
Solution 18 - Bash
ip addr show | grep -E '^\s*inet' | grep -m1 global | awk '{ print $2 }' | sed 's|/.*||'
Solution 19 - Bash
Another ifconfig variantion that works both on Linux and OSX:
ifconfig | grep "inet " | cut -f2 -d' '
Solution 20 - Bash
I went through a lot of links (StackExchange, AskUbuntu, StackOverflow etc) and came to the decision to combine all the best solutions into one shell script.
In my opinion these two QAs are the best of seen:
How can I get my external IP address in a shell script? https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/22615
How do I find my internal ip address? https://askubuntu.com/a/604691
Here is my solution based on some ideas by rsp shared in his repository (https://github.com/rsp/scripts/).
Some of you could say that this script is extremely huge for so simple task but I'd like to make it easy and flexible in usage as much as possible. It supports simple configuration file allowing redefine the default values.
It was successfully tested under Cygwin, MINGW and Linux (Red Hat).
Show internal IP address
myip -i
Show external IP address
myip -e
Source code, also available by the link: https://github.com/ildar-shaimordanov/tea-set/blob/master/home/bin/myip. Example of configuration file is there, next to the main script.
#!/bin/bash
# =========================================================================
#
# Getting both internal and external IP addresses used for outgoing
# Internet connections.
#
# Internal IP address is the IP address of your computer network interface
# that would be used to connect to Internet.
#
# External IP address is the IP address that is visible by external
# servers that you connect to over Internet.
#
# Copyright (C) 2016 Ildar Shaimordanov
#
# =========================================================================
# Details of the actual implementation are based on the following QA:
#
# How can I get my external IP address in a shell script?
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/22615
#
# How do I find my internal ip address?
# https://askubuntu.com/a/604691
# =========================================================================
for f in \
"$( dirname "$0" )/myip.conf" \
~/.myip.conf \
/etc/myip.conf
do
[ -f "$f" ] && {
. "$f"
break
}
done
# =========================================================================
show_usage() {
cat - <<HELP
USAGE
$( basename "$0" ) [OPTIONS]
DESCRIPTION
Display the internal and external IP addresses
OPTIONS
-i Display the internal IP address
-e Display the external IP address
-v Turn on verbosity
-h Print this help and exit
HELP
exit
}
die() {
echo "$( basename "$0" ): $@" >&2
exit 2
}
# =========================================================================
show_internal=""
show_external=""
show_verbose=""
while getopts ":ievh" opt
do
case "$opt" in
i )
show_internal=1
;;
e )
show_external=1
;;
v )
show_verbose=1
;;
h )
show_usage
;;
\? )
die "Illegal option: $OPTARG"
;;
esac
done
if [ -z "$show_internal" -a -z "$show_external" ]
then
show_internal=1
show_external=1
fi
# =========================================================================
# Use Google's public DNS to resolve the internal IP address
[ -n "$TARGETADDR" ] || TARGETADDR="8.8.8.8"
# Query the specific URL to resolve the external IP address
[ -n "$IPURL" ] || IPURL="ipecho.net/plain"
# Define explicitly $IPCMD to gather $IPURL using another tool
[ -n "$IPCMD" ] || {
if which curl >/dev/null 2>&1
then
IPCMD="curl -s"
elif which wget >/dev/null 2>&1
then
IPCMD="wget -qO -"
else
die "Neither curl nor wget installed"
fi
}
# =========================================================================
resolveip() {
{
gethostip -d "$1" && return
getent ahostsv4 "$1" \
| grep RAW \
| awk '{ print $1; exit }'
} 2>/dev/null
}
internalip() {
[ -n "$show_verbose" ] && printf "Internal: "
case "$( uname | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' )" in
cygwin* | mingw* | msys* )
netstat -rn \
| grep -w '0.0.0.0' \
| awk '{ print $4 }'
return
;;
esac
local t="$( resolveip "$TARGETADDR" )"
[ -n "$t" ] || die "Cannot resolve $TARGETADDR"
ip route get "$t" \
| awk '{ print $NF; exit }'
}
externalip() {
[ -n "$show_verbose" ] && printf "External: "
eval $IPCMD "$IPURL" $IPOPEN
}
# =========================================================================
[ -n "$show_internal" ] && internalip
[ -n "$show_external" ] && externalip
# =========================================================================
# EOF
Solution 21 - Bash
I just utilize Network Interface Names, my custom command is
[[ $(ip addr | grep enp0s25) != '' ]] && ip addr show dev enp0s25 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p' || ip addr show dev eth0 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p'
in my own notebook
[flying@lempstacker ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[flying@lempstacker ~]$ [[ $(ip addr | grep enp0s25) != '' ]] && ip addr show dev enp0s25 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p' || ip addr show dev eth0 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p'
192.168.2.221
[flying@lempstacker ~]$
but if the network interface owns at least one ip, then it will show all ip belong to it
for example
Ubuntu 16.10
root@yakkety:~# sed -r -n 's@"@@g;s@^VERSION=(.*)@\1@p' /etc/os-release
16.04.1 LTS (Xenial Xerus)
root@yakkety:~# [[ $(ip addr | grep enp0s25) != '' ]] && ip addr show dev enp0s25 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p' || ip addr show dev eth0 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p'
178.62.236.250
root@yakkety:~#
Debian Jessie
root@jessie:~# sed -r -n 's@"@@g;s@^PRETTY_NAME=(.*)@\1@p' /etc/os-release
Debian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie)
root@jessie:~# [[ $(ip addr | grep enp0s25) != '' ]] && ip addr show dev enp0s25 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p' || ip addr show dev eth0 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p'
192.81.222.54
root@jessie:~#
CentOS 6.8
[root@centos68 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
[root@centos68 ~]# [[ $(ip addr | grep enp0s25) != '' ]] && ip addr show dev enp0s25 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p' || ip addr show dev eth0 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p'
162.243.17.224
10.13.0.5
[root@centos68 ~]# ip route get 1 | awk '{print $NF;exit}'
162.243.17.224
[root@centos68 ~]#
Fedora 24
[root@fedora24 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Fedora release 24 (Twenty Four)
[root@fedora24 ~]# [[ $(ip addr | grep enp0s25) != '' ]] && ip addr show dev enp0s25 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p' || ip addr show dev eth0 | sed -n -r 's@.*inet (.*)/.*brd.*@\1@p'
104.131.54.185
10.17.0.5
[root@fedora24 ~]# ip route get 1 | awk '{print $NF;exit}'
104.131.54.185
[root@fedora24 ~]#
It seems like that command ip route get 1 | awk '{print $NF;exit}' provided by link is more accurate, what's more, it more shorter.
Solution 22 - Bash
Not sure if this works in all os, try it out.
ifconfig | awk -F"[ :]+" '/inet addr/ && !/127.0/ {print $4}'
Solution 23 - Bash
There's a node package for everything. It's cross-platform and easy to use.
$ npm install --global internal-ip-cli
$ internal-ip
fe80::1
$ internal-ip --ipv4
192.168.0.3
This is a controversial approach, but using npm for tooling is becoming more popular, like it or not.
Solution 24 - Bash
ifconfig | grep "inet addr:" | grep -v "127.0.0.1" | grep -Eo '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}' | head -1
Solution 25 - Bash
If you know the network interface (eth0, wlan, tun0 etc):
ifconfig eth0 | grep addr: | awk '{ print $2 }' | cut -d: -f2
Solution 26 - Bash
ifconfig $(netstat -rn | grep -E "^default|^0.0.0.0" | head -1 | awk '{print $NF}') | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}' | grep -Eo '([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*'
Solution 27 - Bash
Works on Mac, Linux and inside Docker Containers:
$ hostname --ip-address 2> /dev/null || (ifconfig | sed -En 's/127.0.0.1//;s/.*inet (addr:)?(([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*).*/\2/p' | awk '{print $1; exit}')
Also works on Makefile as:
LOCAL_HOST := ${shell hostname --ip-address 2> /dev/null || (ifconfig | sed -En 's/127.0.0.1//;s/.*inet (addr:)?(([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*).*/\2/p' | awk '{print $1; exit}')}
Solution 28 - Bash
For linux, what you need is this command:
ifconfig $1|sed -n 2p|awk '{ print $2 }'|awk -F : '{ print $2 }'
type this in your shell and you will simply know your ip.
Solution 29 - Bash
This is easier to read:
ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:' |/usr/bin/awk '{print $2}' | tr -d addr:
Solution 30 - Bash
If you have npm and node installed : npm install -g ip && node -e "const ip = require('ip'); console.log(ip.address())"
Solution 31 - Bash
On a Mac, consider the following:
scutil --nwi | grep -Eo '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}'