How to get the last day of the month?
PythonDatePython Problem Overview
Is there a way using Python's standard library to easily determine (i.e. one function call) the last day of a given month?
If the standard library doesn't support that, does the dateutil package support this?
Python Solutions
Solution 1 - Python
calendar.monthrange
provides this information:
> calendar.monthrange(year, month)
> Returns weekday of first day of the month and number of days in month, for the specified year and month.
>>> import calendar
>>> calendar.monthrange(2002, 1)
(1, 31)
>>> calendar.monthrange(2008, 2) # leap years are handled correctly
(4, 29)
>>> calendar.monthrange(2100, 2) # years divisible by 100 but not 400 aren't leap years
(0, 28)
so:
calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1]
seems like the simplest way to go.
Solution 2 - Python
If you don't want to import the calendar
module, a simple two-step function can also be:
import datetime
def last_day_of_month(any_day):
# this will never fail
# get close to the end of the month for any day, and add 4 days 'over'
next_month = any_day.replace(day=28) + datetime.timedelta(days=4)
# subtract the number of remaining 'overage' days to get last day of current month, or said programattically said, the previous day of the first of next month
return next_month - datetime.timedelta(days=next_month.day)
Outputs:
>>> for month in range(1, 13):
... print last_day_of_month(datetime.date(2012, month, 1))
...
2012-01-31
2012-02-29
2012-03-31
2012-04-30
2012-05-31
2012-06-30
2012-07-31
2012-08-31
2012-09-30
2012-10-31
2012-11-30
2012-12-31
Solution 3 - Python
EDIT: See @Blair Conrad's answer for a cleaner solution
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.date(2000, 2, 1) - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
datetime.date(2000, 1, 31)
Solution 4 - Python
This is actually pretty easy with dateutil.relativedelta
. day=31
will always always return the last day of the month:
import datetime
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
date_in_feb = datetime.datetime(2013, 2, 21)
print(datetime.datetime(2013, 2, 21) + relativedelta(day=31)) # End-of-month
# datetime.datetime(2013, 2, 28, 0, 0)
Install dateutil
with
pip install python-datetutil
Solution 5 - Python
EDIT: see my other answer. It has a better implementation than this one, which I leave here just in case someone's interested in seeing how one might "roll your own" calculator.
@John Millikin gives a good answer, with the added complication of calculating the first day of the next month.
The following isn't particularly elegant, but to figure out the last day of the month that any given date lives in, you could try:
def last_day_of_month(date):
if date.month == 12:
return date.replace(day=31)
return date.replace(month=date.month+1, day=1) - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
>>> last_day_of_month(datetime.date(2002, 1, 17))
datetime.date(2002, 1, 31)
>>> last_day_of_month(datetime.date(2002, 12, 9))
datetime.date(2002, 12, 31)
>>> last_day_of_month(datetime.date(2008, 2, 14))
datetime.date(2008, 2, 29)
Solution 6 - Python
Using dateutil.relativedelta
you would get last date of month like this:
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
last_date_of_month = datetime(mydate.year, mydate.month, 1) + relativedelta(months=1, days=-1)
The idea is to get the first day of the month and use relativedelta
to go 1 month ahead and 1 day back so you would get the last day of the month you wanted.
Solution 7 - Python
In Python 3.7 there is the undocumented calendar.monthlen(year, month)
function:
>>> calendar.monthlen(2002, 1)
31
>>> calendar.monthlen(2008, 2)
29
>>> calendar.monthlen(2100, 2)
28
It is equivalent to the documented calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1]
call.
Solution 8 - Python
Another solution would be to do something like this:
from datetime import datetime
def last_day_of_month(year, month):
""" Work out the last day of the month """
last_days = [31, 30, 29, 28, 27]
for i in last_days:
try:
end = datetime(year, month, i)
except ValueError:
continue
else:
return end.date()
return None
And use the function like this:
>>>
>>> last_day_of_month(2008, 2)
datetime.date(2008, 2, 29)
>>> last_day_of_month(2009, 2)
datetime.date(2009, 2, 28)
>>> last_day_of_month(2008, 11)
datetime.date(2008, 11, 30)
>>> last_day_of_month(2008, 12)
datetime.date(2008, 12, 31)
Solution 9 - Python
from datetime import timedelta
(any_day.replace(day=1) + timedelta(days=32)).replace(day=1) - timedelta(days=1)
Solution 10 - Python
>>> import datetime
>>> import calendar
>>> date = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> print date
2015-03-06 01:25:14.939574
>>> print date.replace(day = 1)
2015-03-01 01:25:14.939574
>>> print date.replace(day = calendar.monthrange(date.year, date.month)[1])
2015-03-31 01:25:14.939574
Solution 11 - Python
To get the last date of the month we do something like this:
from datetime import date, timedelta
import calendar
last_day = date.today().replace(day=calendar.monthrange(date.today().year, date.today().month)[1])
Now to explain what we are doing here we will break it into two parts:
first is getting the number of days of the current month for which we use [monthrange][1] which Blair Conrad has already mentioned his solution:
calendar.monthrange(date.today().year, date.today().month)[1]
second is getting the last date itself which we do with the help of [replace][2] e.g
>>> date.today()
datetime.date(2017, 1, 3)
>>> date.today().replace(day=31)
datetime.date(2017, 1, 31)
and when we combine them as mentioned on the top we get a dynamic solution. [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/calendar.html#calendar.monthrange [2]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.datetime.replace
Solution 12 - Python
if you are willing to use an external library, check out http://crsmithdev.com/arrow/
U can then get the last day of the month with:
import arrow
arrow.utcnow().ceil('month').date()
This returns a date object which you can then do your manipulation.
Solution 13 - Python
Use pandas!
def isMonthEnd(date):
return date + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(0) == date
isMonthEnd(datetime(1999, 12, 31))
True
isMonthEnd(pd.Timestamp('1999-12-31'))
True
isMonthEnd(pd.Timestamp(1965, 1, 10))
False
Solution 14 - Python
import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
start_month = datetime.datetime(now.year, now.month, 1)
date_on_next_month = start_month + datetime.timedelta(35)
start_next_month = datetime.datetime(date_on_next_month.year, date_on_next_month.month, 1)
last_day_month = start_next_month - datetime.timedelta(1)
Solution 15 - Python
Here is another answer. No extra packages required.
datetime.date(year + int(month/12), month%12+1, 1)-datetime.timedelta(days=1)
Get the first day of the next month and subtract a day from it.
Solution 16 - Python
you can use relativedelta https://dateutil.readthedocs.io/en/stable/relativedelta.html
month_end = <your datetime value within the month> + relativedelta(day=31)
that will give you the last day.
Solution 17 - Python
The easiest & most reliable way I've found so Far is as:
from datetime import datetime
import calendar
days_in_month = calendar.monthrange(2020, 12)[1]
end_dt = datetime(2020, 12, days_in_month)
Solution 18 - Python
This is the simplest solution for me using just the standard datetime library:
import datetime
def get_month_end(dt):
first_of_month = datetime.datetime(dt.year, dt.month, 1)
next_month_date = first_of_month + datetime.timedelta(days=32)
new_dt = datetime.datetime(next_month_date.year, next_month_date.month, 1)
return new_dt - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
Solution 19 - Python
The simplest way is to use datetime
and some date math, e.g. subtract a day from the first day of the next month:
import datetime
def last_day_of_month(d: datetime.date) -> datetime.date:
return (
datetime.date(d.year + d.month//12, d.month % 12 + 1, 1) -
datetime.timedelta(days=1)
)
Alternatively, you could use calendar.monthrange()
to get the number of days in a month (taking leap years into account) and update the date accordingly:
import calendar, datetime
def last_day_of_month(d: datetime.date) -> datetime.date:
return d.replace(day=calendar.monthrange(d.year, d.month)[1])
A quick benchmark shows that the first version is noticeably faster:
In [14]: today = datetime.date.today()
In [15]: %timeit last_day_of_month_dt(today)
918 ns ± 3.54 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
In [16]: %timeit last_day_of_month_calendar(today)
1.4 µs ± 17.3 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
Solution 20 - Python
To me the easier way is using pandas (two lines solution):
from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd
firstday_month = datetime(year, month, 1)
lastday_month = firstday_month + pd.offsets.MonthEnd(1)
Another way to do it is: Taking the first day of the month, then adding one month and discounting one day:
from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd
firstday_month = datetime(year, month, 1)
lastday_month = firstday_month + pd.DateOffset(months=1) - pd.DateOffset(days=1)
Solution 21 - Python
That's my way - a function with only two lines:
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
def last_day_of_month(date):
return date.replace(day=1) + relativedelta(months=1) - relativedelta(days=1)
Example:
from datetime import date
print(last_day_of_month(date.today()))
>> 2021-09-30
Solution 22 - Python
For me it's the simplest way:
selected_date = date(some_year, some_month, some_day)
if selected_date.month == 12: # December
last_day_selected_month = date(selected_date.year, selected_date.month, 31)
else:
last_day_selected_month = date(selected_date.year, selected_date.month + 1, 1) - timedelta(days=1)
Solution 23 - Python
You can calculate the end date yourself. the simple logic is to subtract a day from the start_date of next month. :)
So write a custom method,
import datetime
def end_date_of_a_month(date):
start_date_of_this_month = date.replace(day=1)
month = start_date_of_this_month.month
year = start_date_of_this_month.year
if month == 12:
month = 1
year += 1
else:
month += 1
next_month_start_date = start_date_of_this_month.replace(month=month, year=year)
this_month_end_date = next_month_start_date - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
return this_month_end_date
Calling,
end_date_of_a_month(datetime.datetime.now().date())
It will return the end date of this month. Pass any date to this function. returns you the end date of that month.
Solution 24 - Python
The easiest way (without having to import calendar), is to get the first day of the next month, and then subtract a day from it.
import datetime as dt
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
thisDate = dt.datetime(2017, 11, 17)
last_day_of_the_month = dt.datetime(thisDate.year, (thisDate + relativedelta(months=1)).month, 1) - dt.timedelta(days=1)
print last_day_of_the_month
Output:
datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 30, 0, 0)
PS: This code runs faster as compared to the import calendar
approach; see below:
import datetime as dt
import calendar
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
someDates = [dt.datetime.today() - dt.timedelta(days=x) for x in range(0, 10000)]
start1 = dt.datetime.now()
for thisDate in someDates:
lastDay = dt.datetime(thisDate.year, (thisDate + relativedelta(months=1)).month, 1) - dt.timedelta(days=1)
print ('Time Spent= ', dt.datetime.now() - start1)
start2 = dt.datetime.now()
for thisDate in someDates:
lastDay = dt.datetime(thisDate.year,
thisDate.month,
calendar.monthrange(thisDate.year, thisDate.month)[1])
print ('Time Spent= ', dt.datetime.now() - start2)
OUTPUT:
Time Spent= 0:00:00.097814
Time Spent= 0:00:00.109791
This code assumes that you want the date of the last day of the month (i.e., not just the DD part, but the entire YYYYMMDD date)
Solution 25 - Python
Here is a long (easy to understand) version but takes care of leap years.
cheers, JK
def last_day_month(year, month):
leap_year_flag = 0
end_dates = {
1: 31,
2: 28,
3: 31,
4: 30,
5: 31,
6: 30,
7: 31,
8: 31,
9: 30,
10: 31,
11: 30,
12: 31
}
# Checking for regular leap year
if year % 4 == 0:
leap_year_flag = 1
else:
leap_year_flag = 0
# Checking for century leap year
if year % 100 == 0:
if year % 400 == 0:
leap_year_flag = 1
else:
leap_year_flag = 0
else:
pass
# return end date of the year-month
if leap_year_flag == 1 and month == 2:
return 29
elif leap_year_flag == 1 and month != 2:
return end_dates[month]
else:
return end_dates[month]
Solution 26 - Python
This does not address the main question, but one nice trick to get the last weekday in a month is to use calendar.monthcalendar
, which returns a matrix of dates, organized with Monday as the first column through Sunday as the last.
# Some random date.
some_date = datetime.date(2012, 5, 23)
# Get last weekday
last_weekday = np.asarray(calendar.monthcalendar(some_date.year, some_date.month))[:,0:-2].ravel().max()
print last_weekday
31
The whole [0:-2]
thing is to shave off the weekend columns and throw them out. Dates that fall outside of the month are indicated by 0, so the max effectively ignores them.
The use of numpy.ravel
is not strictly necessary, but I hate relying on the mere convention that numpy.ndarray.max
will flatten the array if not told which axis to calculate over.
Solution 27 - Python
How about more simply:
import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.date(now.year, 1 if now.month==12 else now.month+1, 1) - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
Solution 28 - Python
Using dateutil.relativedelta
dt + dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(months=1, day=1, days=-1)
months=1
and day=1
would shift dt
to the first date of next month, then days=-1
would shift the new date to previous date which is exactly the last date of current month.
Solution 29 - Python
If you want to make your own small function, this is a good starting point:
def eomday(year, month):
"""returns the number of days in a given month"""
days_per_month = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
d = days_per_month[month - 1]
if month == 2 and (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0):
d = 29
return d
For this you have to know the rules for the leap years:
- every fourth year
- with the exception of every 100 year
- but again every 400 years
Solution 30 - Python
import calendar
from time import gmtime, strftime
calendar.monthrange(int(strftime("%Y", gmtime())), int(strftime("%m", gmtime())))[1]
Output:
31
This will print the last day of whatever the current month is. In this example it was 15th May, 2016. So your output may be different, however the output will be as many days that the current month is. Great if you want to check the last day of the month by running a daily cron job.
So:
import calendar
from time import gmtime, strftime
lastDay = calendar.monthrange(int(strftime("%Y", gmtime())), int(strftime("%m", gmtime())))[1]
today = strftime("%d", gmtime())
lastDay == today
Output:
False
Unless it IS the last day of the month.
Solution 31 - Python
I prefer this way
import datetime
import calendar
date=datetime.datetime.now()
month_end_date=datetime.datetime(date.year,date.month,1) + datetime.timedelta(days=calendar.monthrange(date.year,date.month)[1] - 1)
Solution 32 - Python
If you pass in a date range, you can use this:
def last_day_of_month(any_days):
res = []
for any_day in any_days:
nday = any_day.days_in_month -any_day.day
res.append(any_day + timedelta(days=nday))
return res
Solution 33 - Python
Here is a solution based python lambdas:
next_month = lambda y, m, d: (y, m + 1, 1) if m + 1 < 13 else ( y+1 , 1, 1)
month_end = lambda dte: date( *next_month( *dte.timetuple()[:3] ) ) - timedelta(days=1)
The next_month
lambda finds the tuple representation of the first day of the next month, and rolls over to the next year. The month_end
lambda transforms a date (dte
) to a tuple, applies next_month
and creates a new date. Then the "month's end" is just the next month's first day minus timedelta(days=1)
.
Solution 34 - Python
In the code below 'get_last_day_of_month(dt)' will give you this, with date in string format like 'YYYY-MM-DD'.
import datetime
def DateTime( d ):
return datetime.datetime.strptime( d, '%Y-%m-%d').date()
def RelativeDate( start, num_days ):
d = DateTime( start )
return str( d + datetime.timedelta( days = num_days ) )
def get_first_day_of_month( dt ):
return dt[:-2] + '01'
def get_last_day_of_month( dt ):
fd = get_first_day_of_month( dt )
fd_next_month = get_first_day_of_month( RelativeDate( fd, 31 ) )
return RelativeDate( fd_next_month, -1 )
Solution 35 - Python
Considering there are unequal number of days in different months, here is the standard solution that works for every month.
import datetime
ref_date = datetime.today() # or what ever specified date
end_date_of_month = datetime.strptime(datetime.strftime(ref_date + relativedelta(months=1), '%Y-%m-01'),'%Y-%m-%d') + relativedelta(days=-1)
In the above code we are just adding a month to our selected date and then navigating to the first day of that month and then subtracting a day from that date.
Solution 36 - Python
This one worked for me:
df['daysinmonths'] = df['your_date_col'].apply(lambda t: pd.Period(t, freq='S').days_in_month)
took reference from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/66403016/16607636
Solution 37 - Python
If you need to get the first day of the month with 0:00 time and don't want to import any special library you can write like this
import pytz
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
# get now time with timezone (optional)
now = datetime.now(pytz.UTC)
# get first day on this month, get last day on prev month and after get first day on prev month with min time
fist_day_with_time = datetime.combine((now.replace(day=1) - timedelta(days=1)).replace(day=1), datetime.min.time())
Works fine with February 28/29, December - January, and another problem date.