    # file? will only return true for files
    File.file?(filename)

and

    # Will also return true for directories - watch out!
    File.exist?(filename)



Check out [Pathname](https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-1.9.3/libdoc/pathname/rdoc/Pathname.html) and in particular [`Pathname#exist?`](https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-1.9.3/libdoc/pathname/rdoc/Pathname.html#method-i-exist-3F).

[File](https://ruby-doc.org/core-1.9.3/File.html) and its [FileTest](https://ruby-doc.org/core-1.9.3/FileTest.html) module are perhaps simpler/more direct, but I find `Pathname` a nicer interface in general.

After much searching I couldn&#39;t find out how to use smtplib.sendmail to send to multiple recipients.  The problem was every time the mail would be sent the mail headers would appear to contain multiple addresses, but in fact only the first recipient would receive the email.

The problem seems to be that the [`email.Message`][1] module expects something different than the [`smtplib.sendmail()`][2] function.

In short, to send to multiple recipients you should set the header to be a string of comma delimited email addresses.  The `sendmail()` parameter `to_addrs` however should be a list of email addresses.

    from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
    import smtplib

    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg[&quot;Subject&quot;] = &quot;Example&quot;
    msg[&quot;From&quot;] = &quot;me@example.com&quot;
    msg[&quot;To&quot;] = &quot;malcom@example.com,reynolds@example.com,firefly@example.com&quot;
    msg[&quot;Cc&quot;] = &quot;serenity@example.com,inara@example.com&quot;
    body = MIMEText(&quot;example email body&quot;)
    msg.attach(body)
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(&quot;mailhost.example.com&quot;, 25)
    smtp.sendmail(msg[&quot;From&quot;], msg[&quot;To&quot;].split(&quot;,&quot;) + msg[&quot;Cc&quot;].split(&quot;,&quot;), msg.as_string())
    smtp.quit()
    


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/email.message.html#email.message.Message
  [2]: http://docs.python.org/library/smtplib.html#smtplib.SMTP.sendmail

How to send email to multiple recipients using python smtplib?

I have saved some screenshots in the iPhone Simulator running iOS 5, but I can&#39;t find them. 

I had this problem before, and it took me frickin&#39; ages to find them in the file system. Is this so simple that I am just a dullard, or does no-one use this feature or what?

I know I can get the screenshots off my real phone, but I don&#39;t want retina screenshots - I want normal screenshots.

Where are iOS simulator screenshots stored?

Is there a Ruby class/method where I could pass &quot;a full path&quot;, `home/me/a_file.txt`, to identify whether it is a valid file path?



How to check for file existence

<p>Is there a Ruby class/method where I could pass "a full path", <code>home/me/a_file.txt</code>, to identify whether it is a valid file path?</p>


This seems to be basic but I&#39;m a Ruby/Rails beginner. I need to simply return HTTP 204 in a controller.
Would  
 

    respond_to do |format|
      format.html  
    end

return a 204?

How to return HTTP 204 in a Rails controller

How do I list all the methods that a particular object has access to?

I have a `@current_user` object, defined in the application controller:

    def current_user
      @current_user ||= User.find(session[:user_id]) if session[:user_id]
    end

And want to see what methods I have available to me in the view file. Specifically, I want to see what methods a `:has_many` association provides. (I know what `:has_many` *should* provide, but want to check that.)

How to list all methods for an object in Ruby?

How to check if a variable is a number or a string in Ruby?

How to check if a variable is a number or a string?

I am using Heroku for my application and it requires PostgreSQL but you can still use SQLite3 for development. Since Heroku strongly advised against having 2 different databases I decided to change to PostgreSQL for development. I installed the `gem pg` and also went to the official PostgreSQL site to get the Windows installer and also changed my `database.yml`. During installation it requires a password for PostgreSQL so I made one. 
I had to change the `pg_hba.conf` file from using `md5` to `trust` in order get past: `fe_sendauth: no password supplied` when trying to create the database.

    # TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD
    
    # IPv4 local connections:
    host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust # was md5
    # IPv6 local connections:
    host    all             all             ::1/128                 trust # was md5
    # Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
    # replication privilege.
    #host    replication     postgres        127.0.0.1/32            trust
    #host    replication     postgres        ::1/128                 trust

After getting rid of that though, I now get this:

    $ rake db:create
    (in C:/app)
    FATAL:  role &quot;User&quot; does not exist 
    Couldn&#39;t create database for {&quot;adapter&quot;=&gt;&quot;postgresql&quot;, &quot;encoding&quot;=&gt;&quot;utf8&quot;, 
    &quot;database&quot;=&gt;&quot;app_test&quot;, &quot;pool&quot;=&gt;5, &quot;username&quot;=&gt;nil, &quot;password&quot;=&gt;nil} 

I do still have my `development.sqlite3` and `text.sqlite3` present, could that be the issue? What must be done?

Here is my full gist: https://gist.github.com/1522188







Role does not exist and unable to create database when using PostgreSQL

Example:

    a = [1, 3, 4, 5]
    b = [2, 3, 1, 5, 6]

How do I get the last value `5` in array `a` or last value `6` in array `b` without using `a[3]` and `b[4]`?

How to get the last element of an array in Ruby?

I am serializing an structure into a `MemoryStream` and I want to save and load the serialized structure.

So, How to Save a `MemoryStream` into a file and also load it back from file?

Save and load MemoryStream to/from a file

I am using Dompdf to create PDF file but I don&#39;t know why it doesn&#39;t save the created PDF to server.

Any ideas?

    require_once(&quot;./pdf/dompdf_config.inc.php&quot;);
		$html =
		  &#39;&lt;html&gt;&lt;body&gt;&#39;.
		  &#39;&lt;p&gt;Put your html here, or generate it with your favourite &#39;.
		  &#39;templating system.&lt;/p&gt;&#39;.
		  &#39;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;&#39;;
		
		$dompdf = new DOMPDF();
		$dompdf-&gt;load_html($html);
		$dompdf-&gt;render();
		file_put_contents(&#39;Brochure.pdf&#39;, $dompdf-&gt;output());

how to save DOMPDF generated content to file?

I created a app that downloads all document libraries in a SP Site , but at one point it giving me this error (I tried looking at google but couldn;t find anything, now if anyone knows any trick to solve this problem please respond otherwise thanks for looking at it)

&gt; System.IO.PathTooLongException: The specified path, file name, or both are too long. The fully qualified file name must be less than 260 characters, and the directory name must be less than 248 characters.
   at System.IO.Path.NormalizePathFast(String path, Boolean fullCheck)
   at System.IO.Path.GetFullPathInternal(String path)
   at System.IO.FileStream.Init(String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, Int32 rights, Boolean useRights, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, FileOptions options, SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES secAttrs, String msgPath, Boolean bFromProxy)
   at System.IO.FileStream..ctor(String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, FileOptions options)
   at System.IO.File.Create(String path)


it reaches the limit for string, Code is given below,

    #region Downloading Schemes

        private void btnDownload_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            TreeNode currentNode = tvWebs.SelectedNode;
            SPObjectData objectData = (SPObjectData)currentNode.Tag;
            try
            {
                CreateLoggingFile();
                using (SPWeb TopLevelWeb = objectData.Web)
                {
                    if(TopLevelWeb != null)
                        dwnEachWeb(TopLevelWeb, TopLevelWeb.Title, tbDirectory.Text);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Trace.WriteLine(string.Format(&quot;Exception caught when tried to pass TopLevelWeb:{1}, Title = {2}, object data to (dwnEachWeb_method), Exception: {0}&quot;, ex.ToString(), objectData.Web, objectData.Title));
            }
            finally
            {
                CloseLoggingFile();
            }
        }

        private void dwnEachWeb(SPWeb TopLevelWeb, string FolderName, string CurrentDirectory)
        {
            if (TopLevelWeb != null)
            {
                if (TopLevelWeb.Webs != null)
                {
                    CurrentDirectory = CurrentDirectory + &quot;\\&quot; + TopLevelWeb.Title;
                    CreateFolder(CurrentDirectory);
                    foreach (SPWeb ChildWeb in TopLevelWeb.Webs)
                    {
                        
                        dwnEachWeb(ChildWeb, ChildWeb.Title, CurrentDirectory);
                        ChildWeb.Dispose();
                    }
                    dwnEachList(TopLevelWeb, CurrentDirectory);
                    //dwnEachList(TopLevelWeb, FolderName, CurrentDirectory);
                }
            }
        }

        private void dwnEachList(SPWeb oWeb, string CurrentDirectory)
        {
            foreach (SPList oList in oWeb.Lists)
            {
                if (oList is SPDocumentLibrary &amp;&amp; !oList.Hidden)
                {
                    dwnEachFile(oList.RootFolder, CurrentDirectory);
                }
            }
        }

        private void dwnEachFile(SPFolder oFolder, string CurrentDirectory)
        {
            if (oFolder.Files.Count != 0)
            {
                CurrentDirectory = CurrentDirectory + &quot;\\&quot; + oFolder.Name;
                CreateFolder(CurrentDirectory);
                foreach (SPFile ofile in oFolder.Files)
                {
                    if (CreateDirectoryStructure(CurrentDirectory, ofile.Url))
                    {
                        var filepath = System.IO.Path.Combine(CurrentDirectory, ofile.Url);
                        byte[] binFile = ofile.OpenBinary();
                        System.IO.FileStream fstream = System.IO.File.Create(filepath);
                        fstream.Write(binFile, 0, binFile.Length);
                        fstream.Close();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        //creating directory where files will be download        
        private bool CreateDirectoryStructure(string baseFolder, string filepath)
        {
            if (!Directory.Exists(baseFolder)) return false;

            var paths = filepath.Split(&#39;/&#39;);

            for (var i = 0; i &lt; paths.Length - 1; i++)
            {
                baseFolder = System.IO.Path.Combine(baseFolder, paths[i]);
                Directory.CreateDirectory(baseFolder);
            }
            return true;
        }

        //creating folders
        private bool CreateFolder(string CurrentDirectory)
        {
            if (!Directory.Exists(CurrentDirectory))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(CurrentDirectory);
            }
            return true;
        }

        //shorting string

        #endregion

 

Best way to resolve file path too long exception

I&#39;m unable to find `file.ReadLine` function in Go.

How does one read a file line by line?




Reading a file line by line in Go

Is there a way to determine whether my *File is pointing to a file or a directory?

    fileOrDir, err := os.Open(name)
    // How do I know whether I have a file or directory?

I want to be able to read stats about the file if it is just a file, and be able to read the files within the directory if it is a directory

    fileOrDir.Readdirnames(0) // If dir
    os.Stat(name) // If file

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	iwan	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Ruby	zed_0xff	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Ruby	Paul Annesley	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to check for file existence

Ruby Problem Overview

Ruby Solutions

Solution 1 - Ruby

Solution 2 - Ruby

Where are iOS simulator screenshots stored?

How to send email to multiple recipients using python smtplib?

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