You can use the `*args` call syntax:

    named_pi = Record(*tuple_pi)

This passes in each element of the `tuple_pi` sequence as a separate argument.

You can also use the [`namedtuple._make()` class method](https://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html#collections.somenamedtuple._make) to turn any sequence into an instance:

    named_pi = Record._make(tuple_pi)

Demo:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; from collections import namedtuple
    &gt;&gt;&gt; Record = namedtuple(&quot;Record&quot;, [&quot;ID&quot;, &quot;Value&quot;, &quot;Name&quot;])
    &gt;&gt;&gt; tuple_pi = (1, 3.14, &quot;pi&quot;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; Record(*tuple_pi)
    Record(ID=1, Value=3.14, Name=&#39;pi&#39;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; Record._make(tuple_pi)
    Record(ID=1, Value=3.14, Name=&#39;pi&#39;)



I am trying to set the width of columns in a DataTable rendered in Shiny and am not able to implement it using the aoColumnDefs options. Has anyone tried this before ? My table has 1 text followed by 3 numeric columns. The numeric columns need to be narrower and the 1st column (text) wider.

    output$result &lt;- renderDataTable({
	z &lt;- as(dataInput(), &quot;data.frame&quot;)
	setnames(z, c(&quot;Rules&quot;, &quot;Support&quot;, &quot;Confidence&quot;, &quot;StatDep&quot;))
    z
    }, options = list(aLengthMenu = c(5, 30, 50), iDisplayLength = 5, bSortClasses = TRUE,
                  aoColumnDefs = list(sWidth = &quot;50px&quot;, aTargets = list(1))))

Thanks,

- Raj.

** Update ** This seems to be working, but there might be other options to do this as well.

    output$result &lt;- renderDataTable({
	z &lt;- as(dataInput(), &quot;data.frame&quot;)
	setnames(z, c(&quot;Rules&quot;, &quot;Support&quot;, &quot;Confidence&quot;, &quot;StatDep&quot;))
    z
    }, options = list(aLengthMenu = c(5, 30, 50), iDisplayLength = 5, bSortClasses = TRUE,
                  bAutoWidth = FALSE,
                  aoColumn = list(list(sWidth = &quot;150px&quot;, sWidth = &quot;30px&quot;,
                                           sWidth = &quot;30px&quot;, sWidth = &quot;30px&quot;))
                                      ))


R Shiny set DataTable column width

I have different `virtualenv`&#39;s (made with `virtualenwrapper`) and I&#39;d like to be able to specify which `virtualenv` to use with each project.

Since I&#39;m using the `SublimeREPL` plugin for custom builds, how can I specify which python installation to build my project with?

For example, when I work on project A I want to run scripts with venvA&#39;s python, and when I work on project B I want to run things with venvB (using a different build script).

Sublime text3 and virtualenvs

I&#39;d like to use namedtuples internally, but I want to preserve compatibility with users that feed me ordinary tuples.

    from collections import namedtuple
    
    tuple_pi = (1, 3.14, &quot;pi&quot;)  #Normal tuple 
    
    Record = namedtuple(&quot;Record&quot;, [&quot;ID&quot;, &quot;Value&quot;, &quot;Name&quot;])
    
    named_e = Record(2, 2.79, &quot;e&quot;)  #Named tuple
    
    named_pi = Record(tuple_pi)  #Error
    TypeError: __new__() missing 2 required positional arguments: &#39;Value&#39; and &#39;Name&#39;
    
    tuple_pi.__class__ = Record
    TypeError: __class__ assignment: only for heap types

How to cast tuple into namedtuple?

I'd like to use namedtuples internally, but I want to preserve compatibility with users that feed me ordinary tuples.
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">from collections import namedtuple

tuple_pi = (1, 3.14, "pi") #Normal tuple 

Record = namedtuple("Record", ["ID", "Value", "Name"])

named_e = Record(2, 2.79, "e") #Named tuple

named_pi = Record(tuple_pi) #Error
TypeError: __new__() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'Value' and 'Name'

tuple_pi.__class__ = Record
TypeError: __class__ assignment: only for heap types
</code></pre>

Assume you have a list 
   
    &gt;&gt;&gt; m = [&#39;a&#39;,&#39;b&#39;,&#39;c&#39;]

I&#39;d like to make a new list `n` that has everything except for a given item in `m` (for example the item `&#39;a&#39;`).  However, when I use

    &gt;&gt;&gt; m.remove(&#39;a&#39;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; m
    m = [&#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39;]

the original list is mutated (the value `&#39;a&#39;` is removed from the original list).  Is there a way to get a new list sans-`&#39;a&#39;` without mutating the original? So I mean that `m` should still be `[ &#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39; ]`, and I will get a *new* list, which has to be `[ &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39; ]`.

Remove list element without mutation

I am trying to plot a ROC curve to evaluate the accuracy of a prediction model I developed in Python using logistic regression packages. I have computed the true positive rate as well as the false positive rate; however, I am unable to figure out how to plot these correctly using `matplotlib` and calculate the AUC value. How could I do that?

How to plot ROC curve in Python

I get this pep8 warning whenever I use lambda expressions. Are lambda expressions not recommended? If not why?

E731 do not assign a lambda expression, use a def

On many websites I often see comments that code isn&#39;t Pythonic, or that there is a more Pythonic way to achieve the same goal.

What does Pythonic mean in this context? For example, why is

    while i &lt; someValue:
       do_something(list[i])
       i += 1

not Pythonic while

    for x in list:
       doSomething(x)

is Pythonic?



What does Pythonic mean?


I get the following error:

    time data &#39;07/28/2014 18:54:55.099000&#39; does not match format &#39;%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S.%f&#39;

But I cannot see what parameter is wrong in `%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S.%f` ?

This is the code I use.

    from datetime import datetime
    time_value = datetime.strptime(csv_line[0] + &#39;000&#39;, &#39;%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S.%f&#39;)

I have added and removed the `000` but I get the same error.

time data does not match format

I&#39;m trying to use `python-docx` module (`pip install python-docx`)
but it seems to be very confusing as in [github repo][1] test sample they are using `opendocx` function but in [readthedocs][2] they are using `Document` class. Even though they are only showing how to add text to a docx file, not reading existing one?

1st one (`opendocx`) is not working, may be deprecated. For second case I was trying to use:

    from docx import Document
    
    document = Document(&#39;test_doc.docx&#39;)
    print(document.paragraphs)

It returned a list of `&lt;docx.text.Paragraph object at 0x... &gt;` 

Then I did:

    for p in document.paragraphs:
        print(p.text)

It returned all text but there were few thing missing. All URLs (CTRL+CLICK to go to URL) were not present in text on console.

What is the issue? Why URLs are missing?

How could I get complete text without iterating over loop (something like `open().read()`) 


  [1]: https://github.com/mikemaccana/python-docx/blob/master/tests/test_docx.py
  [2]: https://python-docx.readthedocs.org/en/latest/

How to extract text from an existing docx file using python-docx

When I try to use a `print` statement in Python, it gives me this error:


    &gt;&gt;&gt; print &quot;Hello, World!&quot;
      File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 1
        print &quot;Hello, World!&quot;
                            ^
    SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to &#39;print&#39;

What does that mean?


What does &quot;SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to &#39;print&#39;&quot; mean in Python?

I managed to produce the graph correctly, but with some more testing noted inconsistent result for the following two different line of codes:

    colors = [h.edge[i][j][&#39;color&#39;] for (i,j) in h.edges_iter()]
    widths = [h.edge[i][j][&#39;width&#39;] for (i,j) in h.edges_iter()]
    nx.draw_circular(h, edge_color=colors, width=widths)
    
This approach results in consistent output, while the following produces wrong color/size per the orders of edges:
    
    colors = list(nx.get_edge_attributes(h,&#39;color&#39;).values())
    widths = list(nx.get_edge_attributes(h,&#39;width&#39;).values())
    nx.draw_circular(h, edge_color=colors, width=widths)

However, it looks to me the above two lines both rely on the function call to return the attributes per the order of edges. Why the different results?

It looks a bit clumsy to me to access attributes with  `h[][][]`; is it possible to access it by dot convention, e.g. `edge.color for edge in h.edges()`.

Or did I miss anything?

networkx - change color/width according to edge attributes - inconsistent result

How can I make a variable inside the try/except block public?


    import urllib.request

	try:
		url = &quot;http://www.google.com&quot;
		page = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
		text = page.read().decode(&#39;utf8&#39;)
	except (ValueError, RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):
		print(&quot;Unable to process your request dude!!&quot;)

	print(text)


This code returns an error 

&gt; NameError: name &#39;text&#39; is not defined

How can I make the variable text available outside of the try/except block?

How to make a variable inside a try/except block public?

If I try to do the following:

    things = 5
    print(&quot;You have &quot; + things + &quot; things.&quot;)

I get the following error in Python 3.x:

```lang-none
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not &quot;int&quot;) to str
```

... and a similar error in Python 2.x:

```lang-none
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
TypeError: cannot concatenate &#39;str&#39; and &#39;int&#39; objects
```

How can I get around this problem?



How can I concatenate str and int objects?

I have a named tuple class in python 

    class Town(collections.namedtuple(&#39;Town&#39;, [
        &#39;name&#39;, 
        &#39;population&#39;,
        &#39;coordinates&#39;,
        &#39;population&#39;, 
        &#39;capital&#39;, 
        &#39;state_bird&#39;])):
        # ...


I&#39;d like to convert Town instances into dictionaries. I don&#39;t want it to be rigidly tied to the names or number of the fields in a Town. 

Is there a way to write it such that I could add more fields, or pass an entirely different named tuple in and get a dictionary.

I can not alter the original class definition as its in someone else&#39;s code. So I need to take an instance of a Town and convert it to a dictionary.


Convert a namedtuple into a dictionary

Can anyone amend [namedtuple][1] or provide an alternative class so that it works for mutable objects?

Primarily for readability, I would like something similar to namedtuple that does this:

    from Camelot import namedgroup
    
    Point = namedgroup(&#39;Point&#39;, [&#39;x&#39;, &#39;y&#39;])
    p = Point(0, 0)
    p.x = 10
    
    &gt;&gt;&gt; p
    Point(x=10, y=0)

    &gt;&gt;&gt; p.x *= 10
    Point(x=100, y=0)

It must be possible to pickle the resulting object.  And per the characteristics of named tuple, the ordering of the output when represented must match the order of the parameter list when constructing the object.


  [1]: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/500261/

Existence of mutable named tuple in Python?

Consider following piece of code:


    from collections import namedtuple
    point = namedtuple(&quot;Point&quot;, (&quot;x:int&quot;, &quot;y:int&quot;))

The Code above is just a way to demonstrate as to what I am trying to achieve.
I would like to make `namedtuple` with type hints. 

Do you know any elegant way how to achieve result as intended?



Type hints in namedtuple

I see patterns like

    def __init__(self, x, y, z):
        ...
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.z = z
        ...

quite frequently, often with a lot more parameters. Is there a good way to avoid this type of tedious repetitiveness? Should the class inherit from `namedtuple` instead?


How do I avoid the &quot;self.x = x; self.y = y; self.z = z&quot; pattern in __init__?

I have a dictionary like:

    d = {&#39;a&#39;: 1, &#39;b&#39;: 2, &#39;c&#39;: 3, &#39;d&#39;: 4}

which I would like to convert to a namedtuple.
My current approach is with the following code

    namedTupleConstructor = namedtuple(&#39;myNamedTuple&#39;, &#39; &#39;.join(sorted(d.keys())))
    nt= namedTupleConstructor(**d)

which produces

&gt;  myNamedTuple(a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4)

This works fine for me (I think), but am I missing a built-in such as... 

    nt = namedtuple.from_dict() ?

UPDATE: as discussed in the comments, my reason for wanting to convert my dictionary to a namedtuple is so that it becomes hashable, but still generally useable  like a dict.

UPDATE2: 4 years after I&#39;ve posted this question, [TLK posts a new answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/68947528/1870832) recommending using the dataclass decorator that I think is really great. I think that&#39;s now what I would use going forward. 

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Adam Ryczkowski	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Martijn Pieters	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to cast tuple into namedtuple?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Sublime text3 and virtualenvs

R Shiny set DataTable column width

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