The easiest way is to redirect the output of the `echo` by `&gt;&gt;`:

```sh
echo &#39;VNCSERVERS=&quot;1:root&quot;&#39; &gt;&gt; /etc/sysconfig/configfile
echo &#39;VNCSERVERARGS[1]=&quot;-geometry 1600x1200&quot;&#39; &gt;&gt; /etc/sysconfig/configfile
```

As Git user I regular come across the situation, that I need to rework one or more commits in a way which do not fit into `--amend` or `rebase -i`with fixup commits. Typically I would do something like

    git reset HEAD~1
    # hack, fix, hack
    git commit -a
    # argh .. do I need to retype my message?
 
I take sensible composed commit messages quite serious. They typically contain larger text with references &amp; justifications for the change. Until now, I&#39;m quite annoyed on the lengthy process to recover my old commit message via an unsorted `git reflog`, `git log`and copy &amp; paste process.

Is there a better to tackle this? And how would it, if my comprises more than one commit?

_Edit:_ After a bit thinking about this I think what I&#39;m looking for is some _git stash_-like functionality for commit messages where fixup/amend commits are not appropriate.

Git: How to reuse/retain commit messages after &#39;git reset&#39;?

i am trying to save my file with name as  current date and time in milliseconds. and while reading file i want to read latest one.Here is the code

     Calendar rightNow = Calendar.getInstance();
    
      long offset = rightNow.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) +  rightNow.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET);
    
      String sinceMidnight = Long.toString((rightNow.getTimeInMillis() + offset) %  (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
    
      return sinceMidnight+&quot;_&quot;+Filename;

 

  

  

How to get current date time in milliseconds in android

I want to add the following 2 lines:

```sh
VNCSERVERS=&quot;1:root&quot;
VNCSERVERARGS[1]=&quot;-geometry 1600x1200&quot;
```

to the end of the file `vncservers` found at the directory `/etc/sysconfig/`.

How can I do this?

How to add lines to end of file on Linux

I want to add the following 2 lines:
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">VNCSERVERS="1:root"
VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 1600x1200"
</code></pre>
to the end of the file <code>vncservers</code> found at the directory <code>/etc/sysconfig/</code>.
How can I do this?

I&#39;m curious as to why the backspace is necessary when setting IFS to split on newlines like this:

    IFS=$(echo -en &quot;\n\b&quot;)

Why can I not just use this (which doesn&#39;t work) instead?

    IFS=$(echo -en &quot;\n&quot;)

I&#39;m on a Linux system that is saving files with Unix line endings.  I&#39;ve converted my file with newlines to hex and it definitely only uses &quot;0a&quot; as the newline character.

I&#39;ve googled a lot and although many pages document the newline followed by backspace solution, none that I have found explain why the backspace is required.

-David.


When setting IFS to split on newlines, why is it necessary to include a backspace?

I am trying to redirect all output from a command line programme to a file.  I am using Bash.  Some of the output is directed to a the file, but some still appears in the terminal and is not stored to the file.  

Similar symptoms are described here:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6674327/redirect-all-output-to-file

However I have tried the proposed solution (capture stderr) without success:

    &lt;cmd&gt; &lt;args&gt; &gt; stdout.txt 2&gt; stderr.txt

The file stderr.txt is created but is empty.

A possible clue is that the command-line programme is a client communicating with a server on the same machine.  It may be that some of the output is coming from the **server**.  

Is there a way to capture all the output from the terminal, irrespective of its origin?

**EDIT:**

I&#39;ve confirmed that the missing output is generated by the server.  Running the command in a separate terminal causes some output in both terminals, I can pipe all the output from the command terminal to a file.  This raises issues about how to capture the server output, but that&#39;s a different question.


Redirect all output to file using Bash on Linux?

I have a C function that I would like to call from C++. I couldn&#39;t use &quot;`extern &quot;C&quot; void foo()`&quot; kind of approach because the C function failed to be compiled using g++. But it compiles fine using gcc. Any ideas how to  call the function from C++?

Call a C function from C++ code

Since `printf` is not reentrant, it&#39;s not supposed to be safe to use it in a signal handler. But I&#39;ve seen lots of example codes that uses `printf` this way.

So my question is: when do we need to avoid using `printf` in a signal handler, and is there a recommended replacement?

How to avoid using printf in a signal handler?

I am writing a script in bash to calculate the time elapsed for the execution of my commands, consider:

    STARTTIME=$(date +%s)
    #command block that takes time to complete...
    #........
    ENDTIME=$(date +%s)
    echo &quot;It takes $($ENDTIME - $STARTTIME) seconds to complete this task...&quot;

I guess my logic is correct however I end up with the following print out:

&quot;It takes seconds to complete this task...&quot;

Anything wrong with my string evaluation?

I believe bash variables are untyped, I would love if there is a &quot;string to integer&quot; method in bash nevertheless.

Bash script to calculate time elapsed

Is there a Python argument to execute code from the shell without starting up an interactive interpreter or reading from a file? 
Something similar to:


    perl -e &#39;print &quot;Hi&quot;&#39;

How to execute Python inline from a bash shell

I&#39;m trying to base64 encode an image in a shell script and put it into variable:

    test=&quot;$(printf DSC_0251.JPG | base64)&quot;
    echo $test
    RFNDXzAyNTEuSlBH

I&#39;ve also tried something like this:

    test=\`echo -ne DSC_0251.JPG | base64\`

but still with no success. 

I want to do something like this:

    curl -v -X POST -d &#39;{&quot;image&quot;:$IMAGE_BASE64,&quot;location&quot;:$LOCATION,&quot;time_created&quot;:$TIMECREATED}&#39; -H &#39;Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF8&#39; http://192.168.1.1/upload

I found this http://www.zzzxo.com/q/answers-bash-base64-encode-script-not-encoding-right-12290484.html

but still have had no success.

How to base64 encode image in linux bash / shell

I&#39;m writing a shell script, and I&#39;m trying to check if the output of a command contains a certain string. I&#39;m thinking I probably have to use grep, but I&#39;m not sure how. Does anyone know?

Checking if output of a command contains a certain string in a shell script

I launched my program in the foreground (a daemon program), and then I killed it with `kill -9`, but I get a zombie remaining and I m not able to kill it with `kill -9`. How to kill a zombie process?

If the zombie is a dead process (already killed), how I remove it from the output of `ps aux`?

    root@OpenWrt:~# anyprogramd &amp;
    root@OpenWrt:~# ps aux | grep anyprogram
     1163 root      2552 S    anyprogramd
     1167 root      2552 S    anyprogramd
     1169 root      2552 S    anyprogramd
     1170 root      2552 S    anyprogramd
    10101 root       944 S    grep anyprogram
    root@OpenWrt:~# pidof anyprogramd
    1170 1169 1167 1163
    root@OpenWrt:~# kill -9 1170 1169 1167 1163
    root@OpenWrt:~# ps aux |grep anyprogram
     1163 root         0 Z    [anyprogramd]
    root@OpenWrt:~# kill -9 1163
    root@OpenWrt:~# ps aux |grep anyprogram
     1163 root         0 Z    [anyprogramd]



Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Antony West	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Linux	user897079	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to add lines to end of file on Linux

Linux Problem Overview

Linux Solutions

Solution 1 - Linux

How to get current date time in milliseconds in android

Git: How to reuse/retain commit messages after 'git reset'?

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