You need to add the `address-model=64` parameter.

Look e.g. [here][1].

[1]:http://devsql.blogspot.com/2007/05/building-boost-134-for-x86-x64-and-ia64.html

The accepted answer is correct. Adding this in case somebody else googles this answer and still fails to produce x64 version.

Following is what I had to do to build Boost 1.63 on Visual Studio 15 2017 Community Edition. 

Commands executed from VS environment cmd shell. Tools -&gt; Visual Studio Command Prompt


    C:\Work\Boost_1_63&gt; C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat amd64
    C:\Work\Boost_1_63&gt; bootstrap.bat
    C:\Work\Boost_1_63&gt; bjam -j4 architecture=x86 address-model=64 link=static stage
    C:\Work\Boost_1_63&gt; bjam --prefix=C:\opt\boost architecture=x86 address-model=64 link=static install


You can verify that the resulting .lib is x64 with dumpbin:

    C:\Work&gt; dumpbin /headers C:\work\boost_1_63\stage\lib\libboost_locale-vc140-mt-1_63.lib | findstr machine
    8664 machine (x64)
    8664 machine (x64)
    8664 machine (x64)
    8664 machine (x64) 
    ...

With b2 the command is:

    b2 --build-dir=build/x64 address-model=64 threading=multi --build-type=complete --stagedir=./stage/x64

It will show `default address-model: 32-bit ` at the beginning but will still build in 64-bit (how confusing).You should have the dlls created with names such as `library-vc140-mt-x64-1_71.dll` confirming it is 64-bit.

source: [Building Boost 32-bit and 64-bit libraries on Windows][1]


  [1]: http://informilabs.com/building-boost-32-bit-and-64-bit-libraries-on-windows/

You may find following [Boost.Build property][1]:

    address-model=64


  [1]: https://boostorg.github.io/build/manual/develop/index.html#bbv2.overview.invocation.properties

Somehow my iPhone Simulator is unable to play sounds.  First an app I&#39;m working on using `AudioServicesPlaySystemSound()` stopped working.. I spent a while debugging this but sound is still working on the iPhone when I run the app on the device.  I get the same results with other iPhone apps such as the sample Crash Landing app.

I can&#39;t find a sound setting anywhere in the simulator or Xcode preferences.  I&#39;ve tried resetting the simulator through &quot;Reset Content and Settings&quot; menu item to no avail.

Sound not working in iPhone Simulator?

Do you have to pass delete the same pointer that was returned by new, or can you pass it a pointer to one of the classes base types?  For example:

    class Base
    {
    public:
        virtual ~Base();
        ...
    };

    class IFoo
    {
    public:
        virtual ~IFoo() {}
        virtual void DoSomething() = 0;
    };

    class Bar : public Base, public IFoo
    {
    public:
        virtual ~Bar();
        void DoSomething();
        ...
    };

    Bar * pBar = new Bar;
    IFoo * pFoo = pBar;
    delete pFoo;

Of course this is greatly simplified.  What I really want to do is create a container full of boost::shared_ptr&lt;IFoo&gt; and pass it to some code that will remove it from the container when it is finished. This code will know nothing of the implementation of Bar or Base, and will rely on the implied delete operator in the shared_ptr destructor to do the right thing.

Can this possibly work? My intuition says no, since the pointers will not have the same address.  On the other hand, a dynamic_cast&amp;lt;Bar*&gt; should work, so somewhere the compiler is storing enough information to figure it out.
&lt;hr&gt;
Thanks for the help, everybody who answered and commented. I already knew the importance of virtual destructors, as shown in my example; after seeing the answer I gave it a little thought, and realized the &lt;i&gt;whole reason&lt;/i&gt; for a virtual destructor is this exact scenario. Thus it had to work. I was thrown by the absence of a visible means of converting the pointer back to the original. A little more thinking led me to believe there was an invisible means, and I theorized that the destructor was returning the true pointer for delete to release. Investigating the compiled code from Microsoft VC++ confirmed my suspicion when I saw this line in ~Base:

	mov	eax, DWORD PTR _this$[ebp]

Tracing the assembler revealed that this was the pointer being passed to the delete function. Mystery solved.

I&#39;ve fixed the example to add the virtual destructor to IFoo, it was a simple oversight. Thanks again to everyone who pointed it out.

Does delete work with pointers to base class?

I&#39;ve built the x86 Boost libraries many times, but I can&#39;t seem to build x64 libraries. I start the &quot;Visual Studio 2005 x64 Cross Tools Command Prompt&quot; and run my usual build:

    bjam --toolset=msvc --build-type=complete --build-dir=c:\build install

But it still produces x86 .lib files (I verified this with dumpbin /headers).
What am I doing wrong?

How do you build the x64 Boost libraries on Windows?

I've built the x86 Boost libraries many times, but I can't seem to build x64 libraries. I start the "Visual Studio 2005 x64 Cross Tools Command Prompt" and run my usual build:
<pre><code class="hljs language-css">bjam --toolset=msvc --build-type=complete --build-dir=c:\build install
</code></pre>
But it still produces x86 .lib files (I verified this with dumpbin /headers).
What am I doing wrong?

What are some guidelines for when it is **not** necessary to check for a null?

A lot of the inherited code I&#39;ve been working on as of late has null-checks ad nauseam. Null checks on trivial functions, null checks on API calls that state non-null returns, etc. In some cases, the null-checks are reasonable, but in many places a null is not a reasonable expectation.

I&#39;ve heard a number of arguments ranging from &quot;You can&#39;t trust other code&quot; to &quot;ALWAYS program defensively&quot; to &quot;Until the language guarantees me a non-null value, I&#39;m always gonna check.&quot; I certainly agree with many of those principles up to a point, but I&#39;ve found excessive null-checking causes other problems that usually violate those tenets. Is the tenacious null checking really worth it?

Frequently, I&#39;ve observed codes with excess null checking to actually be of poorer quality, not of higher quality. Much of the code seems to be so focused on null-checks that the developer has lost sight of other important qualities, such as readability, correctness, or exception handling. In particular, I see a lot of code ignore the std::bad_alloc exception, but do a null-check on a `new`.

In C++, I understand this to some extent due to the unpredictable behavior of dereferencing a null pointer; null dereference is handled more gracefully in Java, C#, Python, etc. Have I just seen poor-examples of vigilant null-checking or is there really something to this?

This question is intended to be language agnostic, though I am mainly interested in C++, Java, and C#.


----------


Some examples of null-checking that I&#39;ve seen that seem to be *excessive* include the following:


----------


This example seems to be accounting for non-standard compilers as C++ spec says a failed new throws an exception. Unless you are explicitly supporting non-compliant compilers, does this make sense? Does this make *any* sense in a managed language like Java or C# (or even C++/CLR)?

    try {
       MyObject* obj = new MyObject(); 
       if(obj!=NULL) {
          //do something
       } else {
          //??? most code I see has log-it and move on
          //or it repeats what&#39;s in the exception handler
       }
    } catch(std::bad_alloc) {
       //Do something? normally--this code is wrong as it allocates
       //more memory and will likely fail, such as writing to a log file.
    }


----------

Another example is when working on internal code. Particularly, if it&#39;s a small team who can define their own development practices, this seems unnecessary. On some projects or legacy code, trusting documentation may not be reasonable... but for new code that you or your team controls, is this really necessary?

If a method, which you can see and can update (or can yell at the developer who is responsible) has a contract, is it still necessary to check for nulls?

    //X is non-negative.
    //Returns an object or throws exception.
    MyObject* create(int x) {
       if(x&lt;0) throw;
       return new MyObject();
    }

    try {
       MyObject* x = create(unknownVar);
       if(x!=null) {
          //is this null check really necessary?
       }
    } catch {
       //do something
    }


----------

When developing a private or otherwise internal function, is it really necessary to explicitly handle a null when the contract calls for non-null values only? Why would a null-check be preferable to an assert?

(obviously, on your public API, null-checks are vital as it&#39;s considered impolite to yell at your users for incorrectly using the API)

    //Internal use only--non-public, not part of public API
    //input must be non-null.
    //returns non-negative value, or -1 if failed
    int ParseType(String input) {
       if(input==null) return -1;
       //do something magic
       return value;
    }

Compared to:

    //Internal use only--non-public, not part of public API
    //input must be non-null.
    //returns non-negative value
    int ParseType(String input) {
       assert(input!=null : &quot;Input must be non-null.&quot;);
       //do something magic
       return value;
    }

How much null checking is enough?

I&#39;m looking for an implementation of CRC32 in C or C++ that is explicitly licensed as being no cost or public domain.  The implementation [here][1] seems nice, but the only thing it says about the license is &quot;source code&quot;, which isn&#39;t good enough.  I&#39;d prefer non LGPL so I don&#39;t have to fool around with a DLL (my app is closed source).  I saw the adler32 implementation in zlib, but I&#39;m checking small chunks of data, which adler is not good for.  

  [1]: http://www.networkdls.com/Software/View/CRC32

CRC32 C or C++ implementation

I am trying to improve the performance of the threaded application with real-time deadlines. It is running on Windows Mobile and written in C / C++. I have a suspicion that high frequency of thread switching might be causing tangible overhead, but can neither prove it or disprove it. As everybody knows, lack of proof is not a proof of opposite :).

Thus my question is twofold:
 
 - If exists at all, where can I find any actual measurements of the cost of switching thread context?

 - Without spending time writing a test application, what are the ways to estimate the thread switching overhead in the existing application?

 - Does anyone know a way to find out the number of context switches (on / off) for a given thread?

How to estimate the thread context switching overhead?

I am trying to write a C++ program that takes the following inputs from the user to construct rectangles (between 2 and 5): height, width, x-pos, y-pos. All of these rectangles will exist parallel to the x and the y axis, that is all of their edges will have slopes of 0 or infinity.

I&#39;ve tried to implement what is mentioned in [this][1] question but I am not having very much luck.

My current implementation does the following:

    // Gets all the vertices for Rectangle 1 and stores them in an array -&gt; arrRect1
    // point 1 x: arrRect1[0], point 1 y: arrRect1[1] and so on...
    // Gets all the vertices for Rectangle 2 and stores them in an array -&gt; arrRect2

    // rotated edge of point a, rect 1
    int rot_x, rot_y;
    rot_x = -arrRect1[3];
    rot_y = arrRect1[2];
    // point on rotated edge
    int pnt_x, pnt_y;
    pnt_x = arrRect1[2]; 
    pnt_y = arrRect1[3];
    // test point, a from rect 2
    int tst_x, tst_y;
    tst_x = arrRect2[0];
    tst_y = arrRect2[1];

    int value;
    value = (rot_x * (tst_x - pnt_x)) + (rot_y * (tst_y - pnt_y));
    cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Value: &quot; &lt;&lt; value;  

However I&#39;m not quite sure if (a) I&#39;ve implemented the algorithm I linked to correctly, or if I did exactly how to interpret this?

Any suggestions?

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/115426

Determine if two rectangles overlap each other?

What is the shortest chunk of C++ you can come up with to safely clean up a `std::vector` or `std::list` of pointers?  (assuming you have to call delete on the pointers?)

    list&lt;Foo*&gt; foo_list;

I&#39;d rather not use Boost or wrap my pointers with smart pointers. 





Cleaning up an STL list/vector of pointers

I have a Visual Studio 2005 C++ program that runs differently in Release mode than it does in Debug mode.  In release mode, there&#39;s an (apparent) intermittent crash occurring.  In debug mode, it doesn&#39;t crash.  What are some reasons that a Release build would work differently than a Debug build?

It&#39;s also worth mentioning my program is fairly complex and uses several 3rd party libraries for XML processing, message brokering, etc...

Thanks in advance!

What are some reasons a Release build would run differently than a Debug build

I&#39;ve added a weakly named assembly to my [Visual&amp;nbsp;Studio&amp;nbsp;2005][1] project (which is strongly named). I&#39;m now getting the error:

&gt; &quot;Referenced assembly &#39;xxxxxxxx&#39; does not have a strong name&quot;

Do I need to sign this third-party assembly?

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio#Visual_Studio_2005



How to fix &quot;Referenced assembly does not have a strong name&quot; error

I&#39;ve added a reference to the log4net assembly dll to my project.

When I build I get a warning saying:

&gt; Warning Assembly &#39;Lib\log4net.dll&#39; is
&gt; incorrectly specified as a file.

I look up the [help for this error on MSDN][1], and it says:

&gt; This warning is generated during
&gt; application manifest generation when
&gt; the build process detects that *a file
&gt; reference is actually a (managed or
&gt; native) assembly*.

This is exactly what I&#39;m doing; the file reference *is* an assembly. What am I being told here? 

How do I add a reference to an assembly dll, while not adding a reference to an assembly dll?

  [1]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms228157(VS.80).aspx

VS2005: Assembly &#39;&lt;assembly&gt;&#39; is incorrectly specified as a file.

I do not see dumpbin.exe on my system. I have Visual Studio 2005 on my system. When I type dumpbin on the command line, it says unrecognizable command.

Does it come with Visual Studio by default, or do I have to explicitly add this tool?



Cannot find Dumpbin.exe

I need to access the assembly of my project in C# .NET 2.0.

I can see the GUID in the &#39;Assembly Information&#39; dialog in under project properties, and at the moment I have just copied it to a const in the code. The GUID will never change, so this is not that bad of a solution, but it would be nice to access it directly. Is there a way to do this?


How do I programmatically get the GUID of an application in .NET 2.0

In the [Boost Signals][1] library, they are overloading the () operator.

Is this a convention in C++? For callbacks, etc.?

I have seen this in code of a co-worker (who happens to be a big Boost fan). Of all the Boost goodness out there, this has only led to confusion for me.

Any insight as to the reason for this overload?


  [1]: http://www.boost.org/doc/html/signals.html &quot;Boost Signals documentation&quot;

Why override operator()?

When I discovered [`boost::lexical_cast`][1] I thought to myself &quot;why didn&#39;t I know about this sooner!&quot; - I hated having to write code like  

    stringstream ss;
    ss &lt;&lt; anIntVal;
    mystring = ss.str();

Now I write

    mystring = boost::lexical_cast&lt;string&gt;(anIntVal);

Yesterday, on stackoverflow, I came across boost split (another gem that will save me writing code).

    string stringtobesplit = &quot;AA/BB-CC&quot;)
    vector&lt;string&gt; tokens;
    
    boost::split(tokens, stringtobesplit, boost::is_any_of(&quot;/-&quot;)); 
    // tokens now holds 3 items: AA BB CC

I am going to start looking through boost documentation looking for other functions that I will be able to use regularly, but I feel that it will be very easy to miss things.  

What boost functions do you use most / would hate not to have? 


  [1]: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_47_0/libs/conversion/lexical_cast.htm

Most used parts of Boost

If I have a function that needs to work with a `shared_ptr`, wouldn&#39;t it be more efficient to pass it a reference to it (so to avoid copying the `shared_ptr` object)?
What are the possible bad side effects?
I envision two possible cases:

1) inside the function a copy is made of the argument, like in

    ClassA::take_copy_of_sp(boost::shared_ptr&lt;foo&gt; &amp;sp)  
    {  
         ...  
         m_sp_member=sp; //This will copy the object, incrementing refcount  
         ...  
    }  

2) inside the function the argument is only used, like in  
    
    Class::only_work_with_sp(boost::shared_ptr&lt;foo&gt; &amp;sp) //Again, no copy here  
    {    
        ...  
        sp-&gt;do_something();  
        ...  
    }  

I can&#39;t see in both cases a good reason to pass the `boost::shared_ptr&lt;foo&gt;` by value instead of by reference. Passing by value would only &quot;temporarily&quot; increment the reference count due to the copying, and then decrement it when exiting the function scope.
Am I overlooking something?

Just to clarify, after reading several answers: I perfectly agree on the premature-optimization concerns, and I always try to first-profile-then-work-on-the-hotspots. My question was more from a purely technical code-point-of-view, if you know what I mean.

C++ - passing references to std::shared_ptr or boost::shared_ptr

I&#39;m looking at starting a project in C++ using the Qt 4 framework (a cross-platform GUI is required).  I&#39;ve heard great things about the Boost libraries from friends and online.  I&#39;ve started reading up on both and wanted to ask a cursory question before I got too deep: Are these two development &quot;systems&quot; mutually exclusive? 

My initial searching and reading shows some overlap in the signal handling, custom build systems, and other low-level primitives.

Does it make sense to use them both in the same project?



Mixing Qt and Boost

I&#39;ve noticed that boost.asio has a lot of examples involving sockets, serial ports, and all sorts of non-file examples. Google hasn&#39;t really turned up a lot for me that mentions if asio is a good or valid approach for doing asynchronous file i/o.

I&#39;ve got gobs of data i&#39;d like to write to disk asynchronously. This can be done with native overlapped io in Windows (my platform), but I&#39;d prefer to have a platform independent solution.

I&#39;m curious if
   
 1. boost.asio has any kind of file support
 2. boost.asio file support is mature enough for everyday file i/o
 3. Will file support ever be added? Whats the outlook for this?


What&#39;s the deal with boost.asio and file i/o?

I am trying to install a Windows service using InstallUtil.exe and am getting the error message

&gt;    System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly &#39;`{xxx.exe}`&#39; or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format.

What gives?


----

EDIT: (Not by OP) Full message extracted from dup getting way more hits [for googleability]:

&gt;    C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319&gt;InstallUtil.exe C:\xxx.exe
    Microsoft (R) .NET Framework Installation utility Version 4.0.30319.1
    Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
    
&gt;    Exception occurred while initializing the installation:
    System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly &#39;file:///C:\xxx.exe&#39; or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format..
    


System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly (from installutil.exe)

In a [.NET][1] 2.0 C# application I use the following code to detect the operating system platform:

    string os_platform = System.Environment.OSVersion.Platform.ToString();

This returns &quot;Win32NT&quot;. The problem is that it returns &quot;Win32NT&quot; even when running on Windows Vista 64-bit.

Is there any other method to know the correct platform (32&amp;nbsp;or 64&amp;nbsp;bit)?

Note that it should also detect 64&amp;nbsp;bit when run as a 32&amp;nbsp;bit application on Windows 64&amp;nbsp;bit.

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework


How to detect Windows 64-bit platform with .NET?

Not to long ago, someone told me that `long` are not 64 bits on 64 bit machines and I should always use `int`. This did not make sense to me. I have seen docs (such as the one on Apple&#39;s official site) say that `long` are indeed 64 bits when compiling for a 64-bit CPU. I looked up what it was on 64-bit Windows and found 

&gt; - Windows: `long` and `int` remain 32-bit in length, and special new data types
&gt; are defined for 64-bit integers.

(from [http://www.intel.com/cd/ids/developer/asmo-na/eng/197664.htm?page=2][1])

What should I use? Should I define something like `uw`, `sw` ((un)signed width) as a `long` if not on Windows, and otherwise do a check on the target CPU bitsize?


  [1]: http://web.archive.org/web/20080117221414/http://www.intel.com:80/cd/ids/developer/asmo-na/eng/197664.htm?page=2

What is the bit size of long on 64-bit Windows?

I want to determine if a native assembly is complied as x64 or x86 from a managed code application ([C#][1]).

I think it must be somewhere in the PE header since the OS loader needs to know this information, but I couldn&#39;t find it. Of course I prefer to do it in managed code, but if it necessary, I can use native C++.

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29


How to find if a native DLL file is compiled as x64 or x86?

I have some confusion related to the .NET platform build options in Visual Studio 2008.

What is the &quot;Any CPU&quot; compilation target, and what sort of files does it generate? I examined the output executable of this &quot;Any CPU&quot; build and found that they are the x86 executables (who would not see that coming!). So, is there any difference between targeting executable to x86 vs. &quot;Any CPU&quot;?

Another thing that I noticed, is that managed C++ projects do not have this platform as an option. Why is that? Does that mean that my suspicion about &quot;Any CPU&quot; executables being plain 32-bit ones is right?



What does the Visual Studio &quot;Any CPU&quot; target mean?

I tried to find out that `gd` means in boost library name and I only found two other people looking for the same thing.

I suppose it should be a place where this is clearly documented and I would like to find it.

* `mt` - multitheaded, get it with `bjam threading=multi`
* `s` - `bjam runtime-link=static`
* `g` - using debug versions of the standard and runtime support libraries. **what bjam switch???**
* `d` - debug `bjam variant=debug`

# Update
How do I control what `bjam` switches controls the above variants? In fact the only one that I wasn&#39;t able to identify is the `g`.


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Ferruccio	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - C++	macbirdie	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - C++	Teemu Ikonen	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - C++	RemiDav	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - C++	sergtk	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How do you build the x64 Boost libraries on Windows?

C++ Problem Overview

C++ Solutions

Solution 1 - C++

Solution 2 - C++

Solution 3 - C++

Solution 4 - C++

Does delete work with pointers to base class?

Sound not working in iPhone Simulator?

Attributions