    print(&quot;Hello, World!&quot;)

You are probably using Python 3.0, where `print` is [now a function](http://docs.python.org/release/3.0.1/whatsnew/3.0.html#print-is-a-function) (hence the parenthesis) instead of a statement.

Unfortunately the [xkcd comic](http://xkcd.com/353/) isn&#39;t completely up to date anymore.

[![https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/python.png](https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/python.png &quot;I wrote 20 short programs in Python yesterday. It was wonderful. Perl, I&#39;m leaving you.&quot;)](http://xkcd.com/353/)

Since Python 3.0 you have to write:

    print(&quot;Hello world!&quot;)
And someone still has to write that `antigravity` library :(


In python 3.x. you use 

    print(&quot;Hello, World&quot;)

In Python 2.x. you use

    print &quot;Hello, World!&quot;



I want to conditionally output HTML to generate a page, so what&#39;s the easiest way to echo multiline snippets of HTML in PHP 4+? Would I need to use a template framework like Smarty?

    echo &#39;&lt;html&gt;&#39;, &quot;\n&quot;; // I&#39;m sure there&#39;s a better way!
    echo &#39;&lt;head&gt;&#39;, &quot;\n&quot;;
    echo &#39;&lt;/head&gt;&#39;, &quot;\n&quot;;
    echo &#39;&lt;body&gt;&#39;, &quot;\n&quot;;
    echo &#39;&lt;/body&gt;&#39;, &quot;\n&quot;;
    echo &#39;&lt;/html&gt;&#39;, &quot;\n&quot;;

How can I echo HTML in PHP?

I have two action methods that are conflicting.  Basically, I want to be able to get to the same view using two different routes, either by an item&#39;s ID or by the item&#39;s name and its parent&#39;s (items can have the same name across different parents).  A search term can be used to filter the list.

For example...
    
    Items/{action}/ParentName/ItemName
    Items/{action}/1234-4321-1234-4321

Here are my action methods (there are also `Remove` action methods)...

    // Method #1
    public ActionResult Assign(string parentName, string itemName) { 
        // Logic to retrieve item&#39;s ID here...
        string itemId = ...;
        return RedirectToAction(&quot;Assign&quot;, &quot;Items&quot;, new { itemId });
    }

    // Method #2
    public ActionResult Assign(string itemId, string searchTerm, int? page) { ... }

And here are the routes...

    routes.MapRoute(&quot;AssignRemove&quot;,
                    &quot;Items/{action}/{itemId}&quot;,
                    new { controller = &quot;Items&quot; }
                    );

    routes.MapRoute(&quot;AssignRemovePretty&quot;,
                    &quot;Items/{action}/{parentName}/{itemName}&quot;,
                    new { controller = &quot;Items&quot; }
                    );

I understand why the error is occurring, since the `page` parameter can be null, but I can&#39;t figure out the best way to resolve it.  Is my design poor to begin with?  I&#39;ve thought about extending `Method #1`&#39;s signature to include the search parameters and moving the logic in `Method #2` out to a private method they would both call, but I don&#39;t believe that will actually resolve the ambiguity.

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

-------

**Actual Solution** (based on Levi&#39;s answer)

I added the following class...

    public class RequireRouteValuesAttribute : ActionMethodSelectorAttribute {
        public RequireRouteValuesAttribute(string[] valueNames) {
            ValueNames = valueNames;
        }

        public override bool IsValidForRequest(ControllerContext controllerContext, MethodInfo methodInfo) {
            bool contains = false;
            foreach (var value in ValueNames) {
                contains = controllerContext.RequestContext.RouteData.Values.ContainsKey(value);
                if (!contains) break;
            }
            return contains;
        }

        public string[] ValueNames { get; private set; }
    }

And then decorated the action methods...

    [RequireRouteValues(new[] { &quot;parentName&quot;, &quot;itemName&quot; })]
    public ActionResult Assign(string parentName, string itemName) { ... }

    [RequireRouteValues(new[] { &quot;itemId&quot; })]
    public ActionResult Assign(string itemId) { ... }


ASP.NET MVC ambiguous action methods

I tried running a python script:

    print &quot;Hello, World!&quot; 

And I get this error:

      File &quot;hello.py&quot;, line 1
        print &quot;Hello, World!&quot;
                            ^
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

What is going on?

Hello World in Python

I tried running a python script:
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino">print "Hello, World!" 
</code></pre>
And I get this error:
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino"> File "hello.py", line 1
 print "Hello, World!"
 ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
</code></pre>
What is going on?

I am creating a Python script within which I am executing UNIX system commands. I have a
war archive named Binaries.war which is within an ear archive named Portal.ear

The Portal ear file resides in, say /home/foo/bar/

    jar xf /home/foo/bar/Portal.ear Binaries.war

Will extract the Binaries.war file out of the /home/foo/bar/Portal.ear archive into the current directory I am running the script from.

How do you specify a target directory to be extracted to using just one command? 
I would like to do something like this to extract Binaries.war into the directory /home/foo/bar/baz 

    jar xf /home/foo/bar/Portal.ear Binaries.war [into target directory /home/foo/bar/baz]

I searched the the JAR man page for options and can&#39;t seem to find a simple way to do this. Of course I can extract the archive into my current directory and then move it using mv but I&#39;d like to do this in one shot and not shuffle directories and files around.

How do you extract a JAR in a UNIX filesystem with a single command and specify its target directory using the JAR command?

Python is the language I know the most, and strangely I still don&#39;t know why I&#39;m typing &quot;self&quot; and not &quot;this&quot; like in Java or PHP.

I know that Python is older than Java, but I can&#39;t figure out where does this come from. Especially since you can use any name instead of &quot;self&quot;: the program will work fine.

So where does this convention come from?

Why do pythonistas call the current reference &quot;self&quot; and not &quot;this&quot;?

How can I retrieve the links of a webpage and copy the url address of the links using Python?

retrieve links from web page using python and BeautifulSoup

Currently Google App Engine supports both Python &amp; Java. Java support is less mature. However, Java seems to have a longer list of libraries and especially support for Java bytecode regardless of the languages used to write that code. Which language will give better performance and more power? Please advise. Thank you!

**Edit:**
http://groups.google.com/group/google-appengine-java/web/will-it-play-in-app-engine?pli=1

**Edit:**
By &quot;power&quot; I mean better expandability and inclusion of available libraries outside the framework. Python allows only pure Python libraries, though.

Choosing Java vs Python on Google App Engine

I need to write a script that connects to a bunch of sites on our corporate intranet over HTTPS and verifies that their SSL certificates are valid; that they are not expired, that they are issued for the correct address, etc.  We use our own internal corporate Certificate Authority for these sites, so we have the public key of the CA to verify the certificates against.

Python by default just accepts and uses SSL certificates when using HTTPS, so even if a certificate is invalid, Python libraries such as urllib2 and Twisted will just happily use the certificate.

How do I verify a certificate in Python?

Validate SSL certificates with Python

I came across [this question][1] about memory management of dictionaries, which mentions the **intern** function. What exactly does it do, and when would it be used?

**To give an example:** if I have a set called **seen**, that contains tuples in the form (string1,string2), which I use to check for duplicates, would storing (intern(string1),intern(string2)) improve performance w.r.t. memory or speed? 


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/327223/

What does sys.intern() do and when should it be used?

In older Python versions when you create a class, it can inherit from `object` which is as far I understand a special built-in Python element that allows your class to be a new-style class.

What about newer versions (&gt; 3.0 and 2.6)? I googled about the `object` class but I get so many results (for obvious reasons).

Is it necessary or useful to inherit from Python&#39;s object in Python 3.x?

I didn&#39;t really pay as much attention to Python 3&#39;s development as I would have liked, and only just noticed some interesting new syntax changes. Specifically from [this SO answer](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1269795/unusual-speed-difference-between-python-and-c/1271927#1271927) function parameter annotation:

    def digits(x:&#39;nonnegative number&#39;) -&gt; &quot;yields number&#39;s digits&quot;:
        # ...

Not knowing anything about this, I thought it could maybe be used for implementing static typing in Python!

After some searching, there seemed to be a lot discussion regarding (entirely optional) static typing in Python, such as that mentioned in [PEP 3107](http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3107/), and [&quot;Adding Optional Static Typing to Python&quot;](http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=85551) (and [part 2](http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=86641))

..but, I&#39;m not clear how far this has progressed. Are there any implementations of static typing, using the parameter-annotation? Did any of the parameterised-type ideas make it into Python 3?

Python 3 and static typing

Consider this division in Python:

```lang-none
Python 3.1 (r31:73574, Jun 26 2009, 20:21:35) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type &quot;help&quot;, &quot;copyright&quot;, &quot;credits&quot; or &quot;license&quot; for more information.
&gt;&gt;&gt; 2/2
1.0
```

Is this intended? I strongly remember earlier versions returning `int/int = int`. What should I do? Is there a new division operator or must I always cast?




Why does integer division yield a float instead of another integer?

I&#39;m trying to map a list into hex, and then use the list elsewhere. In python 2.6, this was easy:

**A:** Python 2.6:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; map(chr, [66, 53, 0, 94])
    [&#39;B&#39;, &#39;5&#39;, &#39;\x00&#39;, &#39;^&#39;]

However, in Python 3.1, the above returns a map object.

**B:** Python 3.1:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; map(chr, [66, 53, 0, 94])
    &lt;map object at 0x00AF5570&gt;

How do I retrieve the mapped list (as in **A** above) on Python 3.x? 

Alternatively, is there a better way of doing this? My initial list object has around 45 items and id like to convert them to hex.


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	MiffTheFox	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Unknown	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Christian	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	Anish Gupta	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Hello World in Python

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Solution 3 - Python

ASP.NET MVC ambiguous action methods

How can I echo HTML in PHP?

Attributions