There&#39;s a &lt;a href=&quot;http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/instances/#django.db.models.Model.get_FOO_display&quot;&gt;method&lt;/a&gt; for that! (™ Apple)

    fb.get_user_choices_display()

As the title says, are there limits (if any) for session variables or they&#39;re considered as *usual* variables and can store equal amount of data?

I&#39;m looking if there are any other limits aside from variable type ones like max length, max values and so on.

P.S. If the question is unclear, please let me know.

Thanks in advance!

Are there limits for session variables?

I have an xml doc that I am trying to parse using Etree.lxml

    &lt;Envelope xmlns=&quot;http://www.example.com/zzz/yyy&quot;&gt;
      &lt;Header&gt;
        &lt;Version&gt;1&lt;/Version&gt;
      &lt;/Header&gt;
      &lt;Body&gt;
        some stuff
      &lt;Body&gt;
    &lt;Envelope&gt;

My code is:

    path = &quot;path to xml file&quot;
    from lxml import etree as ET
    parser = ET.XMLParser(ns_clean=True)
    dom = ET.parse(path, parser)
    dom.getroot()

When I try to get dom.getroot() I get:

    &lt;Element {http://www.example.com/zzz/yyy}Envelope at 28adacac&gt;
However I only want:

    &lt;Element Envelope at 28adacac&gt;

When i do 

    dom.getroot().find(&quot;Body&quot;)

I get nothing returned. However, when I
     
    dom.getroot().find(&quot;{http://www.example.com/zzz/yyy}Body&quot;) 

I get a result.

I thought passing ns_clean=True to the parser would prevent this.

Any ideas?



lxml etree xmlparser remove unwanted namespace

    EMP_CHOICES = (
             (0,&#39;-- Select --&#39;),
             (1,&#39;Good&#39;),
             (2,&#39;Average&#39;),
         )

    class EMPFeedback(models.Model):
         user_choices = models.IntegerField(choices=EMP_CHOICES)

If the value stored in the db as 1 for user_choices how to print the corresponding user_choices corresponding value (i.e. 1==GOOD)

    fb = EMPFeedback.objects.get(id=1)
    print fb.user_choices  # prints 1
    print fb.user_choices.EMP_CHOICES 


Django print choices value

<pre><code class="hljs language-ruby">EMP_CHOICES = (
 (0,'-- Select --'),
 (1,'Good'),
 (2,'Average'),
 )

class EMPFeedback(models.Model):
 user_choices = models.IntegerField(choices=EMP_CHOICES)
</code></pre>
If the value stored in the db as 1 for user_choices how to print the corresponding user_choices corresponding value (i.e. 1==GOOD)
<pre><code class="hljs language-bash">fb = EMPFeedback.objects.get(id=1)
print fb.user_choices # prints 1
print fb.user_choices.EMP_CHOICES 
</code></pre>

I have a model with a FileField. I want to unittest it. django test framework has great ways to manage database and emails. Is there something similar for FileFields?

How can I make sure that the unittests are not going to pollute the real application?

Thanks in advance

PS: My question is almost a duplicate of https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2266503/django-test-filefield-using-test-fixtures but it doesn&#39;t have an accepted answer. Just want to re-ask if something new on this topic.

What is the clean way to unittest FileField in django?

I&#39;m planning to upload a billion records taken from ~750 files (each ~250MB) to a db using django&#39;s ORM.
Currently each file takes ~20min to process, and I was wondering if there&#39;s any way to accelerate this process.

I&#39;ve taken the following measures:

 - [Use @transaction.commit_manually][1] and commit once every 5000 records
 - Set DEBUG=False so that django [won&#39;t accumulate all the sql commands in memory][2]
 - The loop that runs over records in a single file is completely contained in a single function (minimize stack changes)
 - Refrained from hitting the db for queries (used a local hash of objects already in the db [instead of using get_or_create][3])
 - [Set force_insert=True in the save()][4] in hopes it will save django some logic
 - [Explicitly set the id][5] in hopes it will save django some logic
 - General code minimization and optimization

What else can I do to speed things up? Here are some of my thoughts:

 - Use some kind of Python compiler or version which is quicker (Psyco?)
 - [Override the ORM and use SQL directly][6]
 - Use some 3rd party code that might be better ([1][7], [2][8])
 - [Beg the django community][9] to create a bulk_insert function

Any pointers regarding these items or any other idea would be welcome :)


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1136106/efficent-way-to-insert-thousands-of-records-into-a-table-sqlite-python-django
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4292963/python-process-keeps-growing-in-django-db-upload-script
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2252530/efficent-way-to-bulk-insert-with-get-or-create-in-django-sql-python-django
  [4]: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/instances/#forcing-an-insert-or-update
  [5]: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/instances/#explicitly-specifying-auto-primary-key-values
  [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2252530/efficent-way-to-bulk-insert-with-get-or-create-in-django-sql-python-django
  [7]: http://code.google.com/p/django-batchimport/
  [8]: http://djangosnippets.org/snippets/446/
  [9]: http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/661

Accelerate bulk insert using Django&#39;s ORM?

Django automatically creates an id field as primary key.

Now I need to get the object by this id.


    object = Class.objects.filter() 

How to write this filter?

Django database query: How to get object by id?

I am trying to make a search form for one of my classes. The model of the form is:

    from django import forms
    from django.forms import CharField, ModelMultipleChoiceField, ModelChoiceField
    from books.models import Book, Author, Category
     
    class SearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
        authors = ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Author.objects.all(),required=False)    
        category = ModelChoiceField (queryset=Category.objects.all(),required=False)
        class Meta:
            model = Book
            fields = [&quot;title&quot;]

And the view I&#39;m using is:

    from django.shortcuts import render_to_response, redirect, get_object_or_404
    from django.template import RequestContext
    from books.models import Book,Author
    from books.forms import BookForm, SearchForm
    from users.models import User
     
    def search_book(request):
        if request.method == &quot;POST&quot;:
            form = SearchForm(request.POST)
            if form.is_valid():
                form = SearchForm(request.POST)
                stitle = form.cleaned_data[&#39;title&#39;]
                sauthor = form.cleaned_data[&#39;author&#39;]
                scategory = form.cleaned_data[&#39;category&#39;]
        else:
            form = SearchForm()
        return render_to_response(&quot;books/create.html&quot;, {
            &quot;form&quot;: form,
        }, context_instance=RequestContext(request))


The form shows up fine, but when I submit it I get an error: `&#39;SearchForm&#39; object has no attribute &#39;cleaned_data&#39;`

I&#39;m not sure what&#39;s going on, can someone help me out? Thanks!



Django: Model Form &quot;object has no attribute &#39;cleaned_data&#39;&quot;

I have read all the questions and answers I can find regarding Django and HTTP Push.  Yet, none offer a clear, concise, beginning-to-end solution about how to accomplish a basic &quot;hello world&quot; of so-called &quot;comet&quot; functionality.

First question (1):  To what extent is the problem that HTTP simply isn&#39;t (at least so far) made for this?  Are all the potential solutions essentially hacks?

2) What&#39;s the best currently available solution?  

* Orbited?
* Some other Twisted-based solution?  
* Tornado?  
* node.JS?  
* XMPP w/ BOSH?

Some other solution?



3) How does nginx push module play into this discussion?

4) Which of these solutions require replacement of the typical mod_wsgi / nginx (or apache) deployment model?  Why do they require this?  Is this a favorable transition in any case?

5) How significant are the advantages of using a solution that is already in Python?



Alex Gaynor&#39;s presentation from PyCon 2010, which I just watched on blip.tv, is amazing and informative, but not terrifically specific on the current state of HTTP Push in Django.  One thing that he said that gave me some confidence was this:  Orbited does a good job of abstracting and simulating the concept of network sockets.  Thus, when WebSockets actually land, we&#39;ll be in a good place for a transition.  

6) How does HTML5 Websockets differ from current solutions?  Is Gaynor&#39;s assessment of the ease of transition from Orbited accurate?

Django / Comet (Push): Least of all evils?

**models.py:**

    class Person(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        CATEGORY_CHOICES = (
            (&#39;M&#39;, &#39;Male&#39;),
            (&#39;F&#39;, &#39;Female&#39;),
        )
        gender = models.CharField(max_length=200, choices=CATEGORY_CHOICES)
        to_be_listed = models.BooleanField(default=True)
        description = models.CharField(max_length=20000, blank=True)

**views.py:**

    def index(request):
        latest_person_list2 = Person.objects.filter(to_be_listed=True)
        return object_list(request, template_name=&#39;polls/schol.html&#39;,
                           queryset=latest_person_list, paginate_by=5)

On the template, when I call `person.gender`, I get `&#39;M&#39;` or `&#39;F&#39;` instead of `&#39;Male&#39;` or `&#39;Female&#39;`.


How to display the value (`&#39;Male&#39;` or `&#39;Female&#39;`) instead of the code (`&#39;M&#39;`/`&#39;F&#39;`)?



Django: Display Choice Value

Is it possible to refresh the state of a django object from database? I mean behavior roughly equivalent to:

    new_self = self.__class__.objects.get(pk=self.pk)
    for each field of the record:
        setattr(self, field, getattr(new_self, field))


**UPDATE:** Found a reopen/wontfix war in the tracker: http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/901.
Still don&#39;t understand why the maintainers don&#39;t like this.

Reload django object from database

I&#39;m really not getting this, so if someone could explain how this works I&#39;d very much appreciate it. I have two applications, Accounts and Theme... here is my settings list:

    INSTALLED_APPS = (
        &#39;django.contrib.auth&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.contenttypes&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.sessions&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.messages&#39;,
    	&#39;accounts&#39;,
    	&#39;themes&#39;,
    )

In accounts, I am trying to do this:

    from themes.models import Theme
    
    class Account(models.Model):
    	ACTIVE_STATUS = 1
    	DEACTIVE_STATUS = 2
    	ARCHIVE_STATUS = 3
    	STATUS_CHOICES = (
    		(ACTIVE_STATUS, (&#39;Active&#39;)),
    		(DEACTIVE_STATUS, (&#39;Deactive&#39;)),
    		(ARCHIVE_STATUS, (&#39;Archived&#39;)),
    	)
    
    	id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    	name = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    	slug = models.SlugField(unique=True, verbose_name=&#39;URL Slug&#39;)
    	status = models.IntegerField(choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default=ACTIVE_STATUS, max_length=1)
    	owner = models.ForeignKey(User)
    	enable_comments = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    	theme = models.ForeignKey(Theme)
    	date_created = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

And in my theme model:

 

    class Theme(models.Model):
    	id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    	name = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    	slug = models.SlugField(unique=True, verbose_name=&#39;URL Slug&#39;)
    	date_created = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
    		
    class Stylesheet(models.Model):
    	id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    	account = models.ForeignKey(Account)
    	date_created = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
    	content = models.TextField()

Django is kicking out the following error: 

    from themes.models import Theme
    ImportError: cannot import name Theme

Is this some kind of circular import issue? I&#39;ve tried using a lazy reference, but that doesn&#39;t seem to work either!


Django - Circular model import issue

I have a model that I would like to contain a subjects name and their initials (he data is somewhat anonymized and tracked by initials).

Right now, I wrote 
    
    class Subject(models.Model):

        name = models.CharField(&quot;Name&quot;, max_length=30)
        def subject_initials(self):
            return &#39;&#39;.join(map(lambda x: &#39;&#39; if len(x)==0 else x[0],
                               self.name.split(&#39; &#39;)))
        # Next line is what I want to do (or something equivalent), but doesn&#39;t work with
        # NameError: name &#39;self&#39; is not defined
        subject_init = models.CharField(&quot;Subject Initials&quot;, max_length=5, default=self.subject_initials)


As indicated by the last line, I would prefer to be able to have the initials actually get stored in the database as a field (independent of name), but that is initialized with a default value based on the name field.  However, I am having issues as django models don&#39;t seem to have a &#39;self&#39;.  

If I change the line to `subject_init = models.CharField(&quot;Subject initials&quot;, max_length=2, default=subject_initials)`, I can do the syncdb, but can&#39;t create new subjects.

Is this possible in Django, having a callable function give a default to some field based on the value of another field?

(For the curious, the reason I want to separate my store initials separately is in rare cases where weird last names may have different than the ones I am tracking.  E.g., someone else decided that Subject 1 Named &quot;John O&#39;Mallory&quot; initials are &quot;JM&quot; rather than &quot;JO&quot; and wants to fix edit it as an administrator.)

Django Model Field Default Based Off Another Field in Same Model

I&#39;ve got a couple small (500 or 600 lines of template code) Django sites, and I&#39;d like to migrate them to using Jinja2… But I&#39;d like to get some idea of how much work it will be. So, in general, about how much work is it to migrate a small Django site to Jinja2? And is it “worth it”?

Django: Switching to Jinja2?

I want to concatenate a string in a Django template tag, like:

    {% extend shop/shop_name/base.html %}

Here `shop_name` is my variable and I want to concatenate this with rest of path.
  
Suppose I have `shop_name=example.com` and I want result to extend `shop/example.com/base.html`.

How to concatenate strings in django templates?

I am passing the request to the template page.In django template how to pass the  last page from which the new page was initialised.Instead of history.go(-1) i need to use this


     {{request.http referer}} ??

     &lt;input type=&quot;button&quot; value=&quot;Back&quot; /&gt; //onlcick how to call the referrer 

Django request to find previous referrer

I&#39;d like to add request parameters to a `{% url %}` tag, like `?office=foobar`.

Is this possible? I can&#39;t find anything on it.

Is it possible to pass query parameters via Django&#39;s {% url %} template tag?

One of my view needs to add an item, along with other functionality, but I already have another view which specifically adds an item. 

Can I do something like:

    def specific_add_item_view(request):
        item = Item.objects.create(foo=request.bar)

    def big_view(request):
        # ...
        specific_add_item_view(request)

Can I call a view from within another view?

By default after login django redirects the user to an accounts/profile page or if you edit the LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL you can send the user to another page you specify in the settings.py.
 
This is great but I would like the user (after login) to be redirected to a custom page where the link to that page would look something like this: `mysite.com/username`. So the default accounts/profile or the LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL settings would not work in this case since both are somehow static. In my case the `username` section of the address changes for every user. 

Any ideas how I can make it so when the user is logged in would go to a custom user page that has user&#39;s name in the address like:  `mysite.com/username` ? Any input is truly appreciated. 
 



Django - after login, redirect user to his custom page --&gt; mysite.com/username

Consider the following Python code:

    import os
    print os.getcwd()

I use `os.getcwd()` to [get the script file&#39;s directory location][1]. When I run the script from the command line it gives me the correct path whereas when I run it from a script run by code in a Django view it prints `/`.

How can I get the path to the script from within a script run by a Django view?

**UPDATE:**&lt;br&gt;
Summing up the answers thus far - `os.getcwd()` and `os.path.abspath()` both give the current working directory which may or may not be the directory where the script resides. In my web host setup &lt;code&gt;`__file__`&lt;/code&gt; gives only the filename without the path.

Isn&#39;t there any way in Python to (always) be able to receive the path in which the script resides?



  [1]: http://www.faqs.org/docs/diveintopython/regression_path.html

How can I find script&#39;s directory?

I have implemented a password recovery functionality in django. With my method, the new password will be sent to the email id entered. It works fine when given the correct email (e-mail id which exists in the database). But when given an email id which is not in the database, it gives the error:  
    `&#39;DoesNotExist at /forgotPassword/  UniversityDetails matching query does not exist.&#39;`

How can I resolve this issue?

**forgotPassword.html()**

    def forgotPassword(request):
        if request.POST:
            email=request.POST.get(&quot;email&quot;)
            user = UniversityDetails.objects.get(email=email)
            if(not user):
                print &quot;No user&quot;
                return render_to_response(&quot;forgotPassword.html&quot;)
            else:
                newPassword = user.password
                send_mail(&#39;Password Recovery&#39;, &#39;The password for your site is &#39;+ newPassword, &#39;rv_nair@gmail.com&#39;,
        [&#39;rv_ks@gmail.com&#39;], fail_silently=False)   
                return render_to_response(&quot;passwordRecovery.html&quot;)
        return render_to_response(&#39;forgotPassword.html&#39;)

**html**

    &lt;form name=&quot;forgotPassword&quot; method=&quot;POST&quot; id=&quot;myFormid&quot; action=&quot;http://10.1.0.90:8080/forgotPassword/&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div style=&quot;float:center;width:100%;color:#0000A0&quot;&gt;
     Enter your E-mail ID&lt;/label&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; size=&quot;25&quot; /&gt; 
     &lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;Submit&quot; /&gt;
     &lt;/div&gt; 
    
    &lt;/form &gt;

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Rajeev	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Django	Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Django print choices value

Django Problem Overview

Django Solutions

Solution 1 - Django

lxml etree xmlparser remove unwanted namespace

Are there limits for session variables?

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