Difference between module type in tsconfig.json

In tsconfig.json

{
    "compilerOptions": {
     "target": "es5",
     "module": "commonjs",
     "moduleResolution": "node",
     "sourceMap": true,
     "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
     "experimentalDecorators": true,
     "removeComments": false,
     "noImplicitAny": false
  }
}

I cannot understand the difference between following module types:

> "commonjs", "amd", "umd", "system", "es6", "es2015", "none"

Question: Which value should I use and when should I use it?

CommonJS pattern (or nodejs):

var someOtherFunction = require('./someOtherFunction.js');
exports.add = function() {
    var sum = 0, i = 0, args = arguments, l = args.length;
    while (i < l) {
        sum += args[i++];
    }
    return sum;
}

ES6 pattern:

import someOtherFunction from './someOtherFunction.js';

export function add() {
    var sum = 0, i = 0, args = arguments, l = args.length;
    while (i < l) {
        sum += args[i++];
    }
    return sum;
}

AMD pattern:

define(['someOtherFunction'], function () {
    return function () {
        var sum = 0, i = 0, args = arguments, l = args.length;
        while (i < l) {
            sum += args[i++];
        }
        return sum;
    };
});

Asynchronous Module Definition (AMD) is the most popular for client-side code, while node.js modules (an extension to CommonJS Modules/1.1) is the leading pattern in server-side environments.

Universal Module Definition (UMD) is a set of boilerplate recipes that attempt to bridge the differences between AMD and node.js, allowing engineers to author their code bases in a single format, rather than author in both formats or convert to the other format in a build step.

ES5 is the normal JavaScript that you used to see.

You'd be using ES6 for Angular2, also known as ECMAScript 2015.