Convert String to Calendar Object in Java
JavaDateDatetimeCalendarSimpledateformatJava Problem Overview
I am new to Java, usually work with PHP.
I am trying to convert this string:
> Mon Mar 14 16:02:37 GMT 2011
Into a Calendar Object so that I can easily pull the Year and Month like this:
String yearAndMonth = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR)+cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);
Would it be a bad idea to parse it manually? Using a substring method?
Any advice would help thanks!
Java Solutions
Solution 1 - Java
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss z yyyy", Locale.ENGLISH);
cal.setTime(sdf.parse("Mon Mar 14 16:02:37 GMT 2011"));// all done
note: set Locale
according to your environment/requirement
See Also
Solution 2 - Java
tl;dr
The modern approach uses the java.time classes.
YearMonth.from(
ZonedDateTime.parse(
"Mon Mar 14 16:02:37 GMT 2011" ,
DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern( "E MMM d HH:mm:ss z uuuu" )
)
).toString()
>2011-03
Avoid legacy date-time classes
The modern way is with java.time classes. The old date-time classes such as Calendar
have proven to be poorly-designed, confusing, and troublesome.
Define a custom formatter to match your string input.
String input = "Mon Mar 14 16:02:37 GMT 2011";
DateTimeFormatter f = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern( "E MMM d HH:mm:ss z uuuu" );
Parse as a ZonedDateTime
.
ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.parse( input , f );
You are interested in the year and month. The java.time classes include YearMonth
class for that purpose.
YearMonth ym = YearMonth.from( zdt );
You can interrogate for the year and month numbers if needed.
int year = ym.getYear();
int month = ym.getMonthValue();
But the toString
method generates a string in standard ISO 8601 format.
String output = ym.toString();
Put this all together.
String input = "Mon Mar 14 16:02:37 GMT 2011";
DateTimeFormatter f = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern( "E MMM d HH:mm:ss z uuuu" );
ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.parse( input , f );
YearMonth ym = YearMonth.from( zdt );
int year = ym.getYear();
int month = ym.getMonthValue();
Dump to console.
System.out.println( "input: " + input );
System.out.println( "zdt: " + zdt );
System.out.println( "ym: " + ym );
>input: Mon Mar 14 16:02:37 GMT 2011
>zdt: 2011-03-14T16:02:37Z[GMT]
>ym: 2011-03
Live code
See this code running in IdeOne.com.
Conversion
If you must have a Calendar
object, you can convert to a GregorianCalendar
using new methods added to the old classes.
GregorianCalendar gc = GregorianCalendar.from( zdt );
About java.time
The java.time framework is built into Java 8 and later. These classes supplant the troublesome old legacy date-time classes such as java.util.Date
, Calendar
, & SimpleDateFormat
.
To learn more, see the Oracle Tutorial. And search Stack Overflow for many examples and explanations. Specification is JSR 310.
The Joda-Time project, now in maintenance mode, advises migration to the java.time classes.
You may exchange java.time objects directly with your database. Use a JDBC driver compliant with JDBC 4.2 or later. No need for strings, no need for java.sql.*
classes. Hibernate 5 & JPA 2.2 support java.time.
Where to obtain the java.time classes?
- Java SE 8, Java SE 9, Java SE 10, Java SE 11, and later - Part of the standard Java API with a bundled implementation.
- Java 9 brought some minor features and fixes.
- Java SE 6 and Java SE 7
- Most of the java.time functionality is back-ported to Java 6 & 7 in ThreeTen-Backport.
- Android
- Later versions of Android (26+) bundle implementations of the java.time classes.
- For earlier Android (<26), the process of API desugaring brings a subset of the java.time functionality not originally built into Android.
-
If the desugaring does not offer what you need, the ThreeTenABP project adapts ThreeTen-Backport (mentioned above) to Android. See How to use ThreeTenABP….
-
Solution 3 - Java
Well, I think it would be a bad idea to replicate the code which is already present in classes like SimpleDateFormat
.
On the other hand, personally I'd suggest avoiding Calendar
and Date
entirely if you can, and using Joda Time instead, as a far better designed date and time API. For example, you need to be aware that SimpleDateFormat
is not thread-safe, so you either need thread-locals, synchronization, or a new instance each time you use it. Joda parsers and formatters are thread-safe.
Solution 4 - Java
No new Calendar needs to be created, SimpleDateFormat already uses a Calendar underneath.
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss z yyyy", Locale.EN_US);
Date date = sdf.parse("Mon Mar 14 16:02:37 GMT 2011"));// all done
Calendar cal = sdf.getCalendar();
(I can't comment yet, that's why I created a new answer)
Solution 5 - Java
SimpleDateFormat
is great, just note that HH
is different from hh
when working with hours. HH
will return 24 hour based hours and hh will return 12 hour based hours.
For example, the following will return 12 hour time:
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm aa");
While this will return 24 hour time:
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm");
Solution 6 - Java
Parse a time with timezone, Z
in pattern is for time zone
String aTime = "2017-10-25T11:39:00+09:00";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ", Locale.getDefault());
try {
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
cal.setTime(sdf.parse(aTime));
Log.i(TAG, "time = " + cal.getTimeInMillis());
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Output: it will return the UTC time
1508899140000
If we don't set the time zone in pattern like yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss
. SimpleDateFormat
will use the time zone which have set in Setting
Solution 7 - Java
Yes it would be bad practice to parse it yourself. Take a look at SimpleDateFormat, it will turn the String into a Date and you can set the Date into a Calendar instance.
Solution 8 - Java
Simple method:
public Calendar stringToCalendar(String date, String pattern) throws ParseException {
String DEFAULT_LOCALE_NAME = "pt";
String DEFAULT_COUNTRY = "BR";
Locale DEFAULT_LOCALE = new Locale(DEFAULT_LOCALE_NAME, DEFAULT_COUNTRY);
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern, LocaleUtils.DEFAULT_LOCALE);
Date d = format.parse(date);
Calendar c = getCalendar();
c.setTime(d);
return c;
}