Can I call jQuery's click() to follow an <a> link if I haven't bound an event handler to it with bind or click already?
JavascriptJqueryFirefoxEventsClickJavascript Problem Overview
I have a timer in my JavaScript which needs to emulate clicking a link to go to another page once the time elapses. To do this I'm using jQuery's click() function. I have used $().trigger() and window.location also, and I can make it work as intended with all three.
I've observed some weird behavior with click() and I'm trying to understand what happens and why.
I'm using Firefox for everything I describe in this question, but I am also interested in what other browsers will do with this.
If I have not used $('a').bind('click',fn) or $('a').click(fn) to set an event handler, then calling $('a').click() seems to do nothing at all. It does not call the browser's default handler for this event, as the browser does not load the new page.
However, if I set an event handler first, then it works as expected, even if the event handler does nothing.
$('a').click(function(){return true;}).click();
This loads the new page as if I had clicked the a myself.
So my question is twofold: Is this weird behavior because I'm doing something wrong somewhere? and why does calling click() do nothing with the default behavior if I haven't created a handler of my own?
As Hoffman determined when he tried to duplicate my results, the outcome I described above doesn't actually happen. I'm not sure what caused the events I observed yesterday, but I'm certain today that it was not what I described in the question.
So the answer is that you can't "fake" clicks in the browser and that all jQuery does is call your event handler. You can still use window.location to change page, and that works fine for me.
Javascript Solutions
Solution 1 - Javascript
Another option is of course to just use vanilla JavaScript:
document.getElementById("a_link").click()
Solution 2 - Javascript
Interesting, this is probably a "feature request" (ie bug) for jQuery. The jQuery click event only triggers the click action (called onClick event on the DOM) on the element if you bind a jQuery event to the element. You should go to jQuery mailing lists ( http://forum.jquery.com/ ) and report this. This might be the wanted behavior, but I don't think so.
EDIT:
I did some testing and what you said is wrong, even if you bind a function to an 'a' tag it still doesn't take you to the website specified by the href attribute. Try the following code:
<html>
<head>
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
/* Try to dis-comment this:
$('#a').click(function () {
alert('jQuery.click()');
return true;
});
*/
});
function button_onClick() {
$('#a').click();
}
function a_onClick() {
alert('a_onClick');
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" onclick="button_onClick()">
<br>
<a id='a' href='http://www.google.com' onClick="a_onClick()"> aaa </a>
</body>
</html>
It never goes to google.com unless you directly click on the link (with or without the commented code). Also notice that even if you bind the click event to the link it still doesn't go purple once you click the button. It only goes purple if you click the link directly.
I did some research and it seems that the .click is not suppose to work with 'a' tags because the browser does not suport "fake clicking" with javascript. I mean, you can't "click" an element with javascript. With 'a' tags you can trigger its onClick event but the link won't change colors (to the visited link color, the default is purple in most browsers). So it wouldn't make sense to make the $().click event work with 'a' tags since the act of going to the href attribute is not a part of the onClick event, but hardcoded in the browser.
Solution 3 - Javascript
If you look at the code for the $.click function, I'll bet there is a conditional statement that checks to see if the element has listeners registered for theclick event before it proceeds. Why not just get the href attribute from the link and manually change the page location?
window.location.href = $('a').attr('href');
Here is why it doesn't click through. From the trigger function, jQuery source for version 1.3.2:
// Handle triggering native .onfoo handlers (and on links since we don't call .click() for links)
if ( (!elem[type] || (jQuery.nodeName(elem, 'a') && type == "click")) && elem["on"+type] && elem["on"+type].apply( elem, data ) === false )
event.result = false;
// Trigger the native events (except for clicks on links)
if ( !bubbling && elem[type] && !event.isDefaultPrevented() && !(jQuery.nodeName(elem, 'a') && type == "click") ) {
this.triggered = true;
try {
elem[ type ]();
// Prevent Internet Explorer from throwing an error for some hidden elements
}
catch (e)
{
}
}
After it calls handlers (if there are any), jQuery triggers an event on the object. However it only calls native handlers for click events if the element is not a link. I guess this was done purposefully for some reason. This should be true though whether an event handler is defined or not, so I'm not sure why in your case attaching an event handler caused the native onClick handler to be called. You'll have to do what I did and step through the execution to see where it is being called.
Solution 4 - Javascript
Click handlers on anchor tags are a special case in jQuery.
I think you might be getting confused between the anchor's onclick event (known by the browser) and the click event of the jQuery object which wraps the DOM's notion of the anchor tag.
You can download the jQuery 1.3.2 source here.
The relevant sections of the source are lines 2643-2645 (I have split this out to multiple lines to make it easier to comprehend):
// Handle triggering native .onfoo handlers (and on links since we don't call .click() for links)
if (
(!elem[type] || (jQuery.nodeName(elem, 'a') && type == "click")) &&
elem["on"+type] &&
elem["on"+type].apply( elem, data ) === false
)
event.result = false;
Solution 5 - Javascript
JavaScript/jQuery doesn't support the default behavior of links "clicked" programmatically.
Instead, you can create a form and submit it. This way you don't have to use window.location or window.open, which are often blocked as unwanted popups by browsers.
This script has two different methods: one that tries to open three new tabs/windows (it opens only one in Internet Explorer and Chrome, more information is below) and one that fires a custom event on a link click.
Here is how:
HTML
<html>
<head>
<script src="jquery-1.9.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="script.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<button id="testbtn">Test</button><br><br>
<a href="https://google.nl">Google</a><br>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page">Wikipedia</a><br>
<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/">Stack Overflow</a>
</body>
</html>
jQuery (file script.js)
$(function()
{
// Try to open all three links by pressing the button
// - Firefox opens all three links
// - Chrome only opens one of them without a popup warning
// - Internet Explorer only opens one of them WITH a popup warning
$("#testbtn").on("click", function()
{
$("a").each(function()
{
var form = $("<form></form>");
form.attr(
{
id : "formform",
action : $(this).attr("href"),
method : "GET",
// Open in new window/tab
target : "_blank"
});
$("body").append(form);
$("#formform").submit();
$("#formform").remove();
});
});
// Or click the link and fire a custom event
// (open your own window without following
// the link itself)
$("a").on("click", function()
{
var form = $("<form></form>");
form.attr(
{
id : "formform",
// The location given in the link itself
action : $(this).attr("href"),
method : "GET",
// Open in new window/tab
target : "_blank"
});
$("body").append(form);
$("#formform").submit();
$("#formform").remove();
// Prevent the link from opening normally
return false;
});
});
For each link element, it:
- Creates a form
- Gives it attributes
- Appends it to the DOM so it can be submitted
- Submits it
- Removes the form from the DOM, removing all traces *Insert evil laugh*
Now you have a new tab/window loading "https://google.nl" (or any URL you want, just replace it). Unfortunately when you try to open more than one window this way, you get an Popup blocked messagebar when trying to open the second one (the first one is still opened).
More information on how I got to this method is found here:
Solution 6 - Javascript
You can use jQuery to select the jQuery object for that element. Then, get the underlying DOM element and call its click() method.
By id:
$("#my-link").each(function (index) { $(this).get(0).click() });
Or use jQuery to click a bunch of links by CSS class:
$(".my-link-class").each(function (index) { $(this).get(0).click() });
Solution 7 - Javascript
Trigger a hyperlink <a> element that is inside the element you want to hookup the jQuery .click() to:
<div class="TopicControl">
<div class="articleImage">
<a href=""><img src="" alt=""></a>
</div>
</div>
In your script you hookup to the main container you want the click event on. Then you use standard jQuery methodology to find the element (type, class, and id) and fire the click. jQuery enters a recursive function to fire the click and you break the recursive function by taking the event 'e' and stopPropagation() function and return false, because you don't want jQuery to do anything else but fire the link.
$('.TopicControl').click(function (event) {
$(this).find('a').click();
event.stopPropagation();
return false;
});
Alternative solution is to wrap the containers in the <a> element and place 's as containers inside instead of <div>'s. Set the spans to display block to conform with W3C standards.
Solution 8 - Javascript
It does nothing because no events have been bound to the event. If I recall correctly, jQuery maintains its own list of event handlers that are bound to NodeLists for performance and other purposes.
Solution 9 - Javascript
If you need this feature for one case or very few cases (your whole application is not requiring this feature). I would rather leave jQuery as is (for many reasons, including being able to update to newer versions, CDN, etc.) and have the following workaround:
// For modern browsers
$(ele).trigger("click");
// Relying on Paul Irish's conditional class names,
// <https://www.paulirish.com/2008/conditional-stylesheets-vs-css-hacks-answer-neither/>
// (via HTML5 Boilerplate, <https://html5boilerplate.com/>) where
// each Internet Explorer version gets a class of its version
$("html.ie7").length && (function(){
var eleOnClickattr = $(ele).attr("onclick")
eval(eleOnClickattr);
})()
Solution 10 - Javascript
To open hyperlink in the same tab, use:
$(document).on('click', "a.classname", function() {
var form = $("<form></form>");
form.attr(
{
id : "formid",
action : $(this).attr("href"),
method : "GET",
});
$("body").append(form);
$("#formid").submit();
$("#formid").remove();
return false;
});
Solution 11 - Javascript
$("#a_id")[0].click();